知情选择干预措施对农村育龄妇女避孕知识知晓状况的影响

目的了解实施避孕方法知情选择干预措施后对甘肃省农村已婚育龄妇女避孕知识知晓状况的影响,为避孕节育优质服务知情选择的推广提供科学依据。方法对甘肃省永靖县和临泽县进行避孕节育优质服务示范项目的终期调查资料经复核后,用Epi-info6.04建立数据库,编码录入,并进行逻辑校对,采用SPSS8.0软件包进行统计分析。结果干预措施的实施显著提高了干预组育龄妇女对13种避孕方法的知晓程度,同时对常用的5种避孕方法(宫内节育器、输卵管结扎、避孕套、口服避孕药、紧急避孕)的知晓率及正确理解程度也有了明显的提高。结论今后应通过多种渠道、多种方式给育龄妇女提供更广泛全面的妇女生殖保健知积,使她们能充分知情并自己选择避孕方法,以维护和促进其生殖健康。     

青海省已婚育龄妇女避孕节育措施现状分析

目的:了解青海省已婚育龄妇女节育措施使用情况及变化趋势,为进一步做好避孕节育措施知情选择工作提供科学依据。方法:根据2000~2009年青海省已婚育龄妇女避孕节育措施统计报表数据进行分析。结果:2000~2009年,使用输卵管结扎、输精管结扎和避孕药(口服、注射)的构成比呈逐年递减趋势;使用宫内节育器、避孕套、皮下埋植剂的构成比呈逐年递增趋势;外用药及其他避孕方法的构成比与年度无明显关系。在不同年龄组妇女中,34岁以下妇女采用宫内节育器比例最高,以后随着年龄的增长其构成比逐渐降低,而输卵管结扎构成比逐渐增高;采用避孕套或不采取任何避孕措施的比例以20~24岁年龄段最高,随着年龄的增长逐渐减少。皮下埋植剂、外用药、口服避孕药、避孕针剂等措施的构成比与育龄妇女的年龄未见明显关系。结论:避孕节育措施使用比例与人群特征有关,不可逆性长效避孕措施的使用逐年减少,可复性避孕措施的使用逐年增加,避孕方法正向多样化发展,避孕措施知情选择工作仍任重道远。     

山东省日照市已婚育龄妇女避孕节育措施知情选择现状调查

目的:通过调查分析日照市已婚育龄妇女避孕节育措施知情选择情况。方法:采取整群抽样方式,调查2004年1月1日零时日照市常驻户口、22～44周岁已婚育龄妇女,对其采取的避孕节育措施种类、使用时间及知晓情况进行问卷调查。结果:日照市已婚育龄妇女的综合避孕节育率为93.70%。14种避孕节育措施的群众知晓率以宫内节育器、男用避孕套、输卵管绝育、输精管绝育、口服避孕药等最高,均超过85%,其中宫内节育器的知晓率高达98.09%。避孕节育措施的知情选择情况较好。结论:已婚育龄妇女应根据不同的生育阶段,采取适宜的避孕节育措施。应加大避孕节育措施的宣传普及力度,提高知情选择效果。宫内节育器仍是目前最为常用的节育措施,应大力开发安全、有效、简便的新品种,提高避孕有效率,降低副反应。     

广州市社区育龄妇女生殖健康情况调查

目的:了解广州市社区育龄妇女生殖健康状况,以便更有针对性地开展生殖健康服务。方法:采用多阶段抽样的方法在荔湾区22个街道按比例随机抽取15～49岁的已婚(或有性生活史)的育龄妇女共450例,进行生殖健康状况问卷调查。结果:被调查妇女中异常孕产者占59.78%,其中有人工流产史占58.00%;导致意外妊娠的原因57.47%是由于避孕失败,42.53%是没有采取避孕措施而致。采取的避孕方式前3位是:宫内节育器(48.89%)、避孕套(42.20%)和口服避孕药(3.78%)。34.44%的妇女在妇科疾病普查中发现有异常。结论:荔湾区妇女人工流产发生率较高,应在社区育龄妇女中广泛开展生殖健康教育,改善妇女生殖健康状况,提高计划生育/生殖健康服务管理水平。     

新疆生产建设兵团已婚育龄妇女避孕现状调查分析

目的：了解新疆生产建设兵团已婚育龄妇女避孕现状。方法：采用分层、四阶段、整群、概率比随机抽样方法,共调查已婚育龄妇女6823人,对影响避孕方法选择的因素进行单因素分析。结果：兵团已婚妇女的避孕率为86．57％,避孕方法使用比例居前3位的依次是宫内节育器（51．92％）、避孕套（21．35％）、女性绝育（17．56％）,妇女居住地、年龄、民族、文化程度、活产生育次数等是避孕方法选择的影响因素。结论：进一步加大对基层计划生育工作力度,推行避孕节育优质服务,坚持以人为本,合理选择避孕方法,促进生殖健康。     

河南农村已婚育龄妇女知情选择避孕方法的能力分析

目的:了解河南农村已婚育龄妇女知情选择避孕方法的能力。方法:于2002年1月对2004名已婚育龄妇女进行了问卷调查。结果:农村已婚育龄妇女对"知情选择"的概念、含义的了解完全正确者占26.0%。能主动说出的避孕方法平均为3.4种,经提醒后说出的避孕方法为1.6%,对常用避孕方法的如何使用、避孕原理、优缺点了解不多,对自身现用避孕措施知情程度平均得分最高者为避孕套80.1分、宫内节育器和口服避孕药分别为63.8和50.0分。结论:农村已婚育龄妇女对"知情选择"的含义了解不够,对避孕知识的了解少。建议计划生育干部与技术服务人员在避孕节育的知情选择推进的过程中,要加强宣教与交流,在宣教计划生育政策的同时要加强避孕知识的讲解,向广大育龄群众提供广泛、正确、全面的信息、以提高她们的生育健康知识水平和保健意识。从而实现避孕节育知情选择。     

河南农村已婚育龄妇女知情选择避孕方法的能力分析

目的了解河南农村已婚育龄妇女知情选择避孕方法的能力.方法于2002年1月对2 004名已婚育龄妇女进行了问卷调查.结果农村已婚育龄妇女对"知情选择"的概念、含义的了解完全正确者占26.0%,能主动说出的避孕方法平均为3.4种,经提醒后说出的避孕方法为1.6%,对常用避孕方法的如何使用、避孕原理、优缺点了解不多,对自身现用避孕措施知情程度平均得分最高者为避孕套80.1分、宫内节育器和口服避孕药分别为63.8和50.0分.结论农村已婚育龄妇女对"知情选择"的含义了解不够,对避孕知识的了解少.建议计划生育干部与技术服务人员在避孕节育的知情选择推进的过程中,要加强宣教与交流,在宣教计划生育政策的同时要加强避孕知识的讲解,向广大育龄群众提供广泛、正确、全面的信息、以提高她们的生育健康知识水平和保健意识,从而实现避孕节育知情选择.     

避孕方法与性爱质量

你知道哪些节育方法是目前中国人使用的最佳方法?一项历时5年刚刚结束的《加强人类生殖与计划生育研究能力》的研究(简称P25项目网络)显示,各种节育方法的使用构成为:男性绝育占11％,女性绝育占40％,宫内节育器占41％,口服避孕药与使用避孕套占7％,其余为皮下埋植剂和外用药等。每对夫妻有20—30年的避孕任务,避孕节育措施是     

农村已婚育龄妇女避孕选择及影响因素分析

随着我国医疗技术的发展,避孕节育的方式也多种多样,例如：避孕套、输卵管结扎、避孕药、宫内节育器等.鉴于每个人心理、生理不同和受其它外在因素影响,使用者所提出的要求也是不同的,再者,经济的迅猛发展加上自身观念也不断更新,多子多福的传统理念也逐渐被取代.本文致力于了解影响农村已婚育龄妇女避孕选择的因素,根据参考相关文献,从年龄、受教育程度、职业等为切入点深入分析农村已婚育龄妇女对避孕方式的选择,同时也为农村地区提供避孕节育奠定深厚的理论基础.     

不同避孕节育技术对已婚育龄妇女性生活质量影响

目的分析不同避孕节育技术在已婚育龄妇女中的应用情况,比较主要避孕节育方式对性生活的影响。方法选取2016年1月-2017年10月广东省汕头市潮南区3 673名已婚育龄妇女为调查对象,分析其避孕节育技术的应用情况,并采用《女性性生活质量量表》评价不同避孕方式下的妇女性生活质量。结果无生育史者主要以使用避孕套(占54.17%)及计算排卵期(占31.48%)为主要避孕方式,其次为使用避孕药(占14.06%),无结扎及使用宫内节育器者。有生育史者主要以使用宫内节育器(占51.30%)为主要避孕方式,其次为使用避孕套(占21.97%)及避孕药(占15.02%),结扎(占9.50%),两者在使用避孕套、计算排卵期、结扎、宫内节育器避孕方式的选择之间的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);在无生育史及有生育史的妇女中,不同的避孕方式对妇女的性生活质量均无明显影响,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论不同避孕方式对已婚育龄妇女的性生活质量无明显影响,应根据自身需求选择适宜的避孕方式。     

川渝农村地区避孕措施的使用及服务状况调查

目的:了解川渝农村地区避孕节育的使用和服务状况,探讨影响计划生育服务质量的因素并提出改进意见。方法:采用定性与定量研究方法,调查育龄妇女避孕措施使用情况,并对计划生育服务站的设施和服务进行调查。结果:育龄妇女普遍缺乏避孕知识,70％以上的育龄妇女选用宫内节育器避孕。技术人员很少提供避孕节育的咨询、随访服务;服务过程中存在忽视生殖道感染等问题。一些技术人员对避孕节育知识掌握片面或不正确,村计生专干难以对避孕药具使用者提供有效的咨询及随访工作。结论:为提高农村避孕节育优质服务水平,应在宣教中增加避孕节育知识新内容;加强对技术服务人员知识、咨询、随访方面的教育和培训;结合计划生育开展生殖健康服务。     

Contraceptive knowledge, attitudes and practice among married women in Samaru community, Zaria, Nigeria

Contraceptive use and fertility rates vary substantially among developing countries. In some sub-Saharan African countries, fewer than 10% of married women use contraception. Despite all efforts by governments to ensure availability of the products, prevalence has remained low. We conducted a community-based study to examine contraceptive knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning among married women in Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to study 200 women in Samaru community of Zaria, Nigeria. Mean age of the respondents was 30.6 +/- 1.5 years. In this study contraceptive prevalence was 12.5% and respondents had a positive attitude towards family planning. Thirty years after Alma Ata of which one of the components is to ensure maternal and child health (MCH) and family planning, contraceptive use in most of the communities in Northern Nigeria is low. There is urgent need to step-up public awareness campaigns on family planning to ensure wide spread acceptability and utilization among women within reproductive age group.     

Unmet need for contraception in Kuwait: issues for health care providers

Based on a nationally representive household survey of Kuwaiti women held in 1999 (n = 1502) unmet need for contraception was analyzed in Kuwait, an oil-rich Muslim country. It was found that 9.7% currently married women had an unmet need for contraception. Of those, 6.1% wanted to stop child bearing, while 3.6% wanted to space their children. A bivariate comparison of the women with unmet need and current contraceptors showed that the unmet need group comprised of relatively older women with a significantly higher level of parity and ones where husband or wife disapproved of contraception. Also, larger percentages of the unmet need group belonged to relatively lower socio-economic status and were Bedouins. Among the reasons for current non-use, two-third believed that they had a low risk of pregnancy due to infrequent sexual activity or sub-fecundity, and 22% were not using a method because of health concerns. A significantly larger percentage of the unmet need group disapproved of contraception, and believed that Islam forbids family planning, compared to current users (30% and 15%, respectively). The logistic regression analysis showed that the wife's perception of the husband's disapproval of contraceptive use had the strongest negative association with unmet need. We conclude that the contraceptive needs of about 90% of all non-pregnant currently married women who wanted to delay or limit children were being met adequately despite the absence of a formal family planning program, while about 10% women had an unmet need. Issues for health care providers are discussed and family planning counseling is recommended for higher risk older women with unmet need.     

Public or private providers? U.S. women's use of reproductive health services

CONTEXT: U.S. women receive contraceptive and reproductive health services from a wide range of publicly funded and private providers. Information on trends in and on patterns of service use can help policymakers and program planners assess the adequacy of current services and plan for future improvements. METHODS: Women who reported in the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth that they had obtained any contraceptive or other reproductive health service in the past year were classified by their primary source of care, and the services they received, their characteristics and their primary source of care were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to test which factors predict women's use of publicly subsidized family planning clinics and of specific types of services. RESULTS: The percentage of women of reproductive age who obtained family planning services increased slightly between 1988 and 1995, primarily among women aged 30 and older. Nearly one in four women who received any contraceptive care visited a publicly funded family planning clinic, as did one in three who received contraceptive counseling or sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing and treatment. Women whose primary source of reproductive care was a publicly funded family planning clinic received a wider range of services than women who visited private providers; moreover, the former were significantly more likely to report obtaining contraceptive care or STD-related care, even after the effects of their background characteristics were controlled. Young, unmarried, minority, less-educated and poor women were more likely than others to depend on publicly subsidized family planning clinics. Source of health insurance was one of the most important predictors of the use of public family planning clinics: Medicaid recipients and uninsured women were 3-4 times as likely as women with private insurance to obtain clinic care. CONCLUSIONS: Publicly funded family planning clinics are an important source of contraceptive and other reproductive health care, providing millions of U.S. women with a wide range of services. Since women's need for reproductive care and for publicly subsidized care is not likely to diminish, clinics may be financially challenged in their efforts to continue delivering this broad package of services to growing numbers of uninsured or disenfranchised women.     

江苏省流动妇女避孕现状研究

目的:了解流动妇女避孕现状,保障流动妇女享有计划生育/生殖健康服务的合法权益。方法:对"江苏省流动妇女生存与发展状况研究"问卷调查数据的进行分析。结果:已婚流动妇女的综合避孕率为93.1%,避孕方法仍然以宫内节育器为主,在流入地获得避孕方法的比例为37.2%,28.9%的流动妇女不知道自己使用的避孕方法的不良作用。结论:流动妇女尚未充分享有计划生育/生殖健康服务的合法权益,需从多方面加强干预。     

人工流产妇女避孕方法失败原因调查分析

目的:研究开展知情选择工作后人工流产的发生情况。方法:采用问卷调查,对10个样本点计划生育服务站门诊因使用宫内节育器(IUD)、避孕套、口服避孕药发生意外妊娠行人工流产的已婚育龄妇女进行术前面对面的代填式问卷调查。结果:本次IUD避孕失败的主要原因为IUD下移及脱落(占75.5%),IUD放置机构主要集中在乡镇、街道卫生院。使用避孕套及口服避孕药失败的主要原因均为未规范使用。结论:加大宣传力度,普及紧急避孕知识,重视日常咨询和随访,提高基层技术服务能力,是提高避孕有效率,避免非意愿妊娠,促进生殖健康的有效途径。     

输卵管内节育器的研究及应用现状

输卵管绝育术是中国育龄人群应用较多的避孕节育方法之一。但绝育术是有创伤手术,存在一定并发症及后遗症,可接受性差。因此,提供高效、安全、可复、微创或无创的女性避孕绝育方法是目前研究的重点。最近,输卵管内节育器（intra-tubal device,ITD）的研究取得了新的进展,ITD为非创伤性手术,不良反应及并发症都很少,使用者如需要再生育,取出ITD即可恢复,其有可能取代传统的输卵管绝育术,为育龄妇女提供一种新的、无创伤性及可逆性的避孕节育方法。     

Reproductive Risk Factors for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer According to Histologic Type and Invasiveness

PURPOSE: Differences in histology among the subtypes of epithelial ovarian tumors suggest possible differences in their etiologies. We examined reproductive risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer according to histologic subtype and tumor invasiveness.

METHODS: We conducted a population-based, case-control study of associations between reproductive risk factors and epithelial ovarian cancer in the Delaware Valley from 1994 to 1998. Cases age 20 to 69 years with a recent diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (n = 767) were compared to community controls (n = 1367) frequency matched by age.

RESULTS: With few exceptions, we found significant risk reduction for each histologic subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer by using oral contraceptive, bearing children, and having a tubal ligation; for each subtype, there was significant increased risk associated with a family history of the disease. There were no significant differences among histologic subtypes in the magnitude of the odds ratios for OC use, parity, breastfeeding, tubal ligation, hysterectomy, family history of breast or ovarian cancer, use of noncontraceptive estrogens, age at menarche, and age at menopause. There were also few differences between invasive and borderline tumors, except that women with borderline tumors were significantly younger than women with invasive disease (44.7 years vs. 52.0 years, p < 0.001). Among serous tumors only, women with borderline tumors were more likely to use oral contraceptives than women with invasive tumors (OR = 2.28 95% CI 1.20–4.35).

CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that reproductive risk factors do not differ among histologic subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancers.