汗腺疾病

20120295深浅两层顶泌汗腺处理法治疗腋臭术后并发症的分析和处理/张斌(大连市皮肤病院外科),刘积东,张琪…//实用皮肤病学杂志.-2011,4(2).-99 ～101共治疗317例,其中男98例,女219例,年龄16～48岁.通过2 ～ 3cm皮肤小切口进入皮下,浅层剪除皮下脂肪及毛囊球,深层射频凝固脂肪内残余的腺体.术后随访半年.结果:一次治愈率为96.5％,有效率为100％.出现并发症87例(27.40％),包括血肿、皮下积液、皮肤瘀斑、皮肤坏死、切口裂开、感染、延期愈合、瘢痕、瘢痕挛缩、异味残留等.对其成因及预防处理,逐一进行了全面分析和探讨,经过正确处理后均达到了满意的效果.     

桥式双切口顶泌汗腺修剪术治疗腋臭176例临床分析

目的评价桥式双切口顶泌汗腺修剪术治疗腋臭的疗效及不良反应。方法采用桥式双切口顶泌汗腺修剪术治疗176例腋臭患者,用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)于术后1年评估其疗效及不良反应。结果 176例患者中,治愈164例(93%),有效12例(7%),总有效率100%。其中有4例患者切口发生表浅溃疡,延期愈合,留下轻微瘢痕。全组腋毛均减少,出汗减少,皮肤质地柔软,无感染、无血肿。结论桥式双切口顶泌汗腺修剪术操作方便,切口美观,不良反应少。     

两种切口的顶泌汗腺修剪术治疗腋臭的并发症对比分析

目的采用"W"形切口(A组)及"1"字形腋窝皱襞切口(B组)的顶泌汗腺修剪术治疗腋臭,统计分析两组患者术后并发症的发生率。方法回顾分析2011年5月-2013年12月采用两种切口的顶泌汗腺修剪术治疗腋臭163例,其中A组84例,B组79例,对其术后的并发症进行对比分析。结果 A组术后发生血肿5例、皮瓣坏死3例,切口裂开11例,局部瘢痕增生13例,异味残留3例;B组术后发生血肿4例,皮瓣坏死2例,切口裂开3例,局部瘢痕增生4例,异味残留4例。A、B组在切口裂开、局部瘢痕增生的发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 "1"字形腋窝皱襞切口较"W"形切口的顶泌汗腺修剪术在一定程度上可减轻腋臭术后并发症。     

顺腋纹平行双切口保留真皮血管网切除顶泌汗腺治疗腋臭

目的：评价肿胀麻醉下顺腋纹平行双切口保留真皮血管网的顶泌汗腺切除术根治腋臭的疗效.方法：手术顺腋纹做两个平行切口,于腋浅筋膜浅层向四周锐性分离皮下组织达腋毛边缘,翻转皮瓣直视下逐一修剪顶泌汗腺组织.结果：本组68例共136侧,所有病例切口均I期愈合,无1例发生皮瓣坏死,术后经6～12个月的随访,治愈122侧,治愈率89.71%,显效14侧,显效率10.29%,总有效率100%.术后瘢痕轻微、隐蔽,腋窝皮肤活动性好,上肢功能无影响.结论：肿胀麻醉下顺腋纹平行双切口保留真皮血管网的顶泌汗腺切除术治疗腋臭总有效率高,并发症少,瘢痕小,为目前较理想的根治腋臭的手术治疗方法.     

改良“W”或“M”形切口在腋臭治疗中的应用

目的：探讨一种改良“W”或“M”形切口在腋臭外科手术治疗中的应用。方法：先沿腋窝腋毛分布区与正常皮肤交界处划线，再在上臂和侧胸腋毛分布区接近正常皮肤处做上下对称的“W”或“M”形切口设计手术切口线，切开皮肤后，剪除腋毛区域及周围约1CHI皮肤上的脂肪组织、顶泌汗腺及毛囊，修剪成仅含皮肤全层和真皮下血管网的超薄皮瓣，最后缝合切口。结果：2006～2008年5月笔者应用改良“W”或“M”形切口治疗23例腋臭患者（女17例，男6例），所有患者均获随访，最短时间为6个月，23例患者获得满意效果，无一例出现皮肤边缘坏死。结论：改良“W”或“M”形切口手术切口小，手术在直视下破坏顶泌汗腺，手术彻底，操作简单，术后切口瘢痕不明显，术区皮肤柔软，可达到患者美容要求。由于手术并不切除腋窝皮肤，术后患者上肢功能不受影响。本法缺点是术区部分毛囊破坏，腋毛脱落。     

汗腺疾病

20110269顶泌汗腺修剪结合电离子治疗腋臭的疗效观察/谷琪(遵义医学院附院美容医院外科),周信荣,陈康∥第三军医大学学报.-2010,32(4).-401、406共治疗280例腋臭患者,年龄19~45岁。均为双侧发病。对照组予皮下顶泌汗腺剪除术治疗组(112     

小切口修剪术治疗腋臭

目的 探讨小切口顶泌汗腺非暴露修剪术治疗腋臭的可行性。 方法 对58例腋臭患者施行了小切口顶泌汗腺非暴露修剪术。 结果 随访1~12个月,除1例还有轻度异味外,其余57例治愈。每例（双侧）平均手术时间为55分钟。 结论 这是一种可广泛应用的、简便的、安全的、有良好效果的手术方式。     

小切口潜行清除汗腺治疗腋臭

目的：寻求一种简便、有效治疗腋臭的外科于术方法。法：肿胀麻醉下通过1．0cm顺皮纹的小切口，于皮下脂肪层潜行分离一略大于腋毛边界的完整腔隙，用剪刀紧贴皮肤侧，剪除真皮下的脂肪浅层，清除其中的大汗腺及毛囊。果：78例患者均取得了较好的临床效果，无术后血肿、皮瓣坏死等并发症。腋部异味均消失，腋窝部仅留下1．0cm顺皮纹瘢痕。其中56例半年后随访，异味完全消失、瘢痕不明显：结论：小切口潜行清除汗腺术治疗腋臭是一种并发症少、瘢痕小、效果好的腋臭手术方法?     

腋臭患者腋区顶泌汗腺的分布特点

【摘要】 目的 检测腋臭患者腋区顶泌汗腺在深度、广度的分布,探讨其范围内的分布差异性。 方法 2010年9 - 12月间的15例腋臭患者,行直视下顶泌汗腺剪除术,切取切口处宽约2 mm的全层皮肤,深度达腋浅筋膜浅层,用于判明顶泌汗腺分布的深度。留取腋中心（点1）、距腋中心1 cm（点2）、距腋毛边缘内1 cm（点3）、腋毛边缘（点4）、距腋毛边缘外1 cm（点5）共5个标记点对应的皮下暗红色粗大的颗粒状组织,用于判明顶泌汗腺的分布范围及分布规律。 结果 顶泌汗腺分泌部主要分布于真皮网状层和皮下脂肪浅层,表皮层、真皮乳头层及腋浅筋膜浅层均无顶泌汗腺分布。顶泌汗腺广度分布与腋毛范围基本一致,腋中心部可见大量顶泌汗腺组织,腋毛边缘处仍有少量顶泌汗腺分布,腋毛边缘外1.0 cm处已无顶泌汗腺分布。5个点顶泌汗腺面积占整块组织面积的百分比平均值分别为74.1%、46.6%、25.3%、2.1%和0,相邻两点进行t检验,点1、2之间t = 29.78,P < 0.01;点2、3之间t = 9.76,P < 0.01;点3、4之间t = 20.83,P < 0.01;点4、5之间t = 1.96,P > 0.05。 结论 手术治疗腋臭时,清除范围深度达真皮网状层和浅层脂肪层,广度到腋毛范围即可,没有必要过度扩大清除范围。     

改良双“M"形切口在腋臭手术治疗中的临床应用

目的 探索更有效、复发率更低、皮瓣坏死率更低的去除腋臭手术治疗新方法.方法 2008年1月～ 2012年1月间选择178例腋臭患者,分别采用改良双“M”形切口、腋中线大切口手术剪除顶泌汗腺两种术式,随访1年.对复发率、瘢痕长度、和皮瓣坏死率等进行对比.结果 治疗组改良双“M”形切口组的复发率和坏死率均低于腋中线大切口治疗组,瘢痕长度改良双“M”形切口组短于腋中线大切口治疗组.结论 改良双“M”形切口法治疗腋臭复发率和皮瓣坏死率均低,是治疗腋臭的理想术式.     

Refined tumescent liposuction‐curettage with pruning in small incisions for treatment of axillary bromhidrosis

Axillary bromhidrosis is a widespread social problem in our society. Various modalities have been developed for the destruction or removal of the apocrine sweat glands to eliminate underarm odor. However, conventional surgical treatments often result in a high complication rate and frequent recurrence. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of refined tumescent liposuction‐curettage with pruning in small incisions as treatment for axillary bromhidrosis. Between July 2013 and April 2019, 110 patients (75 women and 35 men) with axillary bromhidrosis underwent refined tumescent liposuction‐curettage with pruning. The results of eliminating underarm odor were evaluated by both the patients and doctors and rated as very satisfied (excellent), satisfied (good), slightly satisfied (fair), and not satisfied (poor). Postoperative complications, such as dehiscence, infection, wound contracture, cyst, subcutaneous hydrops, hematoma, or seroma, were also evaluated. Preoperative and postoperative histological examinations of axillary tissues were performed in two patients. In the subjective evaluation of 110 patients, 33 (30.0%) were very satisfied with the results, 70 (63.6%) were satisfied, and seven (6.4%) were slightly satisfied. The objective evaluation showed that 43 (39.1%) patients graded the results as excellent, whereas others graded the results as good. No serious complications occurred, except three patients with slight local subcutaneous hydrops and hematoma. Histologic examinations showed that the apocrine glands were significantly decreased or destroyed after the surgery. Refined tumescent liposuction‐curettage with pruning in small incisions is an effective method for the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis.     

Excision of apocrine glands and axillary superficial fascia as a single entity for the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis

Background Surgical excision of apocrine glands is the effective treatment for axillary bromhidrosis. Skin necrosis, the most serious adverse result observed postoperatively, results in a prolonged wound healing and leads to unsightly scars in the axillary fossae. It is mainly caused by the skin damage during the operation and postoperative seroma or haematoma formation. Objective To investigate the effects and complications of our surgical modality for axillary bromhidrosis. Methods Sixty‐three patients with bromhidrosis were treated. An incision about two‐thirds of the length of the widest transverse diameter was made on the axillary crease. The loosened layers between the dermis and axillary superficial fascia containing apocrine glands were carefully undermined with an iris scissor. The entire apocrine glands‐axillary superficial fascia complex was dissected from the centre to the superior and inferior margins with an electrosurgical pencil. Results Of the 126 axillae, malodour was eradicated in 112 axillae and reduced sharply in 14. There were three cases of skin necroses. The Dermatology Life Quality Index score decreased significantly and the quality of life improved after the operation. Conclusion Our surgical technique can achieve minimal tissue damage and maintain no hematoma postoperatively. The rate of skin necrosis was low. Quality of life improved after the procedure in this patient population.     

A refined surgical treatment modality for bromhidrosis: Subcutaneous scissor with micropore

Axillary bromhidrosis has a strong negative effect on one's social life. A high success rate and few complications are criteria for a surgical treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate a new surgical treatment modality for bromhidrosis: subcutaneous scissor with micropore. Twenty patients with bromhidrosis were treated. Patients were placed in a supine position with their treated arms abducted to 110°. After injection of 60 mL of tumescent solution into each axilla, one small incision was made at the middle axillary of the hair‐bearing area. The whole hair‐bearing skin was undermined at the level of the superficial fat to obtain adequate skin eversion. The flaps were everted to offer full exposure of the apocrine glands, and meticulous excision of each gland was performed. Both sides were punctured with scalpel. The micropore was used for drainage, and whose width was just 3 mm. Finally, the incisions were re‐approximated, and bulky compressive dressings were applied to the area for 72 hours. Of the 40 axillae (20 patients), 34 (85.0%) showed excellent results, and six (15.0%) had good results. Malodor was significantly decreased. There were no serious complications. This technique can produce excellent results with a lower complication rate than most other surgical modalities and can be performed without costly equipment.     

A Prospective,Long-Term Follow-Up Study of 1,444 nm Nd:YAG Laser: A New Modality for Treating Axillary Bromhidrosis

Background

Surgery for bromhidrosis has a high risk of complications such as hematoma and necrosis. New nonsurgical methods may reduce the burden on surgery and the risks for the patient.

Objective

This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and side-effects of the 1,444 nm Nd:YAG interstitial laser for treating axillary bromhidrosis.

Methods

Eighteen bromhidrosis patients were treated with a 1,444 nm Nd:YAG laser at Korea University Ansan Hospital. The post-treatment follow-up was 6 months. After the procedure, we confirmed apocrine gland destruction through histopathological examination. At each follow-up, we measured the severity of the remaining odor, postoperative pain, degree of mobility restriction, and overall satisfaction.

Results

After 180 days of follow-up, malodor elimination was good in 20 axillae, fair in 12 axillae, and poor in four axillae. At the end point of the study, 14 patients were totally satisfied with the laser treatment, three patients were partially satisfied, and one patient was disatisfied. Pain and limitation of mobility were significantly reduced within 1 week post-operatively, and were almost resolved within 4 weeks post-operatively. A histopathological examination revealed decreased density and significant alterations to the apocrine glands.

Conclusion

Subdermal coagulation treatment with a 1,444 nm Nd:YAG interstitial laser may be a less invasive and effective therapy for axillary bromhidrosis.     

Tumescent superficial liposuction with curettage for treatment of axillary bromhidrosis

Backgrounds Axillary bromhidrosis is a common but unpleasant and distressing problem faced by many societies, particularly in Asia, where malodour is reflected as a social handicap. Currently, local surgery is the treatment of choice among various non‐surgical and surgical treatment. Objectives To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of tumescent superficial liposuction and curettage in treating axillary bromhidrosis. Methods Forty‐three patients (25 females and 18 males, average age 24.5 years) have undergone tumescent superficial liposuction and curettage. Local anaesthesia, tumescent solution, was injected into the hair‐bearing area of the axilla. Two tiny incisions were made for Fatemi cannule, and subcutaneous tissue was removed by stroke movement under negative pressure. Subsequently, additional curettage was done around the incision sites. We evaluated the clinical efficacy (excellent, good, fair and poor) and complications. In addition, preoperative and postoperative histologic findings were reviewed in 15 patients. Results The follow‐up evaluation started 3 months after the surgery, and mean follow‐up period was 15.8 months, ranging from 3 to 54 months. Among 43 patients, 31 patients (72.1%) showed excellent to good results. The most common postoperative complication was transient ecchymosis which spontaneously regressed in 1 to 2 weeks. Focal skin necrosis, induration, and haematoma or seroma were each noted in four, three, and one patients, respectively, but resolved after proper dressing. The preoperative histological findings included increase in size and number of apocrine glands in cross‐section view, and the postoperative specimen evidently showed removal of subcutaneous tissue, including apocrine and eccrine glands, and remnant sweat glands were severely destructed. Conclusion Tumescent superficial liposuction with curettage for axillary bromhidrosis is an effective and safe treatment method for axillary bromhidrosis.     

Axillary osmidrosis treated by partial removal of the skin and subcutaneous tissue en bloc and apocrine gland subcision

BACKGROUND: Axillary osmidrosis can be treated with many methods, but local surgery is the treatment of choice. METHODS: Forty-three patients (32 females and 11 males, average age 20.3 years) were treated by partial removal of the skin and subcutaneous tissue en bloc and follicular clipping of the adjacent area. All operations were performed with local anesthesia in an outpatient setting. RESULTS: Follow-up ranged from 2 to 47 months (mean: 13.4 months). Forty-one patients (95%) had good results, two (5%) were fair, and none were poor. No recurrences were seen. The wound complication rate was 3.5% for axillae and 7% for patients. There were no scar contractures or limitations of arm abduction. CONCLUSION: This combined surgical method can eliminate malodor and has a low wound complication and recurrence rate. Though the transient and conspicuous scar is the chief drawback of this method, it is a simple, safe, effective and inexpensive method for treating axillary osmidrosis.     

微波和黄金微针治疗腋臭的临床疗效比较

【摘要】 目的 比较微波和黄金微针治疗腋臭的临床疗效及安全性。方法 2018 年 5月至 2019 年 3 月在第四军医大学西京医院皮肤科门诊收集不同程度的腋臭患者116例,分别用miraDry微波仪（56例）和黄金微针（60例）治疗,术后随访12个月,观察临床疗效、并发症和复发率。结果 经12个月随访,微波组有效率为94.64％（53例）,复发率为5.36％（3例）;黄金微针组有效率为93.33％（56例）,复发率为6.67％（4例）,两组有效率和复发率差异均无统计学意义（χ2 = 0.088,P = 0.767）。但是,微波组术后并发症发生率为0,黄金微针组为6.67%（2例皮肤烫伤和2例瘢痕形成）,两组差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 3.867,P = 0.049）。结论 黄金微针与微波治疗腋臭临床疗效相当,但微波并发症发生率更低。     

The cuticular purse string suture: a modified purse string suture for the partial closure of round postoperative wounds

BACKGROUND: The purse string suture can be used to provide primary closure for small skin defects or as a partial closure for larger round wounds. The size of the defect is reduced secondary to the tension placed on the suture, which uniformly advances the skin from the entire periphery of the wound. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the features of 98 consecutive patients for whom a total of 100 cuticular purse string sutures were used to partially close their postoperative surgical defects. The location and types of the tumors removed were also summarized. RESULTS: Postoperative wounds were created following Mohs' micrographic excision of nonmelanoma skin cancer (basal cell carcinoma, 44; squamous cell carcinoma, 25), wide local excision of melanoma (29), or conservative excision of benign cutaneous neoplasms (two). The incidence of purse string suture for partial closure of each tumor was 4.1% for basal cell carcinoma, 7.3% for squamous cell carcinoma, and 46.3% for melanoma. The tumors were equally distributed on the trunk, head and neck, and extremities; however, purse string closures for basal cell carcinomas were more frequent on the trunk, head, and neck, relative to squamous cell carcinomas and melanomas, which were more common on the extremities. Concurrent medical problems and/or the use of an agent with anticoagulant or antiplatelet effects were noted in more than 50% of patients. Absorbable material of thicker diameter was most frequently used for the suture, and the postoperative wound area decreased by 6-90% (mean, 60%) following purse string partial closure. The suture was usually removed after 3-4 weeks. Postoperative complications occurred in six patients: allergic contact dermatitis in two, wound infection in two, exuberant granulation tissue in one, and hypertrophic scar in one. All of the wounds healed completely with either a round or linear scar. CONCLUSION: The cuticular purse string suture is a rapid and simple procedure that provides complete or partial closure of round skin defects and excellent long-term cosmetic and functional results. This closure provides uniform tension to the wound, enhances hemostasis at the tissue edge, and significantly decreases the size of the defect. Partial wound closure with the purse string suture may be advantageous following the local excision of melanoma, either as definitive surgical wound management or as a temporary partial wound closure prior to subsequent complete repair of the surgical defect. The purse string suture is also useful following nonmelanoma skin cancer removal in patients who insist on maintaining an active lifestyle in the immediate postoperative period, who are receiving one or more systemic anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet agents, and who have large surgical wounds that would require either a skin graft or a local cutaneous flap in order to close the postoperative defect.