液基细胞学结合端粒酶活性检测诊断胸腹水良恶性细胞的应用

目的:探讨液基细胞学结合端粒酶活性检测诊断浆膜腔积液良恶性细胞的应用价值。方法:收集201例(临床病理证实为97例恶性,104例良性)胸腹水标本,每例标本采用液基细胞技术制成薄层细胞片,做HE染色,用于细胞学检查;同时采用PCR-TRAP技术检测端粒酶活性。结果:细胞学检查对恶性胸腹水诊断的敏感度为81.4%(79/97),特异性为90.4%(94/104),端粒酶活性检测方法对恶性胸腹水诊断的敏感度为92.8(90/97),特异性为98.1%(102/104),将两种方法相结合,在恶性腹水中二者同时为阳性为74.2%(72/97),而在良性胸腹水中同时为阳性为0.0%(0/104),将两种方法相结合对恶性胸腹水的诊断敏感性为99.0%(96/97),特异度为100.0%(104/104)。结论:液基细胞学结合端粒酶活性检测分析用于胸腹水良性与恶性细胞的鉴别诊断较细胞学方法敏感,避免漏诊。     

免疫组化和苏木素伊红染色在良恶性胸腹水诊断的应用价值

目的探讨免疫组化和常规HE染色在临床良、恶性胸腹水鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法收集本院患者胸腹水标本50例,制成细胞学蜡块行HE染色和免疫组化染色观察。结果50例标本中恶性肿瘤细胞32例,反应性间皮细胞13例,结核5例。结论传统细胞学涂片对于良、恶性胸腹水鉴别诊断较困难,应用免疫组化作鉴别诊断可提高诊断阳性率。     

Ki-67在良恶性胸腹水鉴别中的临床价值分析

目的 应用免疫组织化学染色方法,分析增殖细胞核抗原Ki-67在良恶性胸腹水中的表达情况,探讨其临床应用价值.方法 选取56例良恶性胸腹腔积液标本,使用液基薄层制片技术制作细胞学涂片进行常规细胞形态学检查,以及使用细胞石蜡块技术制作组织切片,对石蜡块切片进行免疫组织化学染色检查.结果 以标记指数＞10％为阳性判定标准,本实验中Ki-67在恶性胸腹水中的阳性表达率为83.3％,良性胸腹水中阳性表达率为35％,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结果 Ki-67免疫组织化学染色作为常规细胞学检查的必要补充,有重要的临床应用价值.     

肿瘤标志物检测在良恶性胸腹水鉴别价值研究

目的 研究肿瘤标志物在良恶性胸腹水的临床鉴别价值.方法 169例恶性胸腹水患者设为恶性腹水组,146例良性胸腹水设为良性组,比较两组胸腹水癌胚抗原(CEA)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、糖类抗原(CA) 125、CA19-9水平,并对各肿瘤标志物对良恶性胸腹水的诊断进行方法学评价.结果 恶性组的CEA为(139.7-±56.4) ng/mL、AFP为(189.2±45.2) ng/mL、CA125为(314.7±86.2) U/mL、CA19-9为(158.5±24.2) U/mL,浓度均高于良性组,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);ROC曲线分析CEA、AFP、CA125以及CA19-9曲线下面积分别为0.811、0.547、0.715和0.769,其对应的诊断切点分别为5.6 ng/mL、63.7 ng/mL、38.9 U/mL和30.4 U/mL;AFP因ROC曲线下面积过低不适于恶性胸腹水的诊断.三种肿瘤标志物单独检测方法学评价的各项指标均以CEA最好,灵敏度为75.7％,特异度为88.6％,联合检测以CEA、CA125以及CA19-9的联合检测效果较好,灵敏度为80.5％,特异度为94.0％.结论 肿瘤标志物联合检测对胸腹水的性质鉴别方面有重要的临床应用价值.     

CEA、CYFRA21—1、TSGF联合同步检测在恶性胸水诊断中的应用

目的 通过对血清及胸水中CEA(癌胚抗原)、CYFRA21-1(细胞角蛋白19片段)、TSGF(恶性肿瘤特异性生长因子)的检测,探讨此三项指标在恶性胸水诊断中的应用.方法 应用酶联免疫法(ELISA)对59例恶性胸水和48例良性胸水进行联合同步检测.结果 恶性胸水组中血清及胸水的CEA、CYFRA21-1、TSGF明显高于良性胸水组(P<0.01).三项联合检测血清敏感性为84.75%,特异性为68.75%;胸水敏感性为93.22%,特异性为60.42%.结论 CEA、CYFRA21-1、TSGF对血清与胸水的联合同步检测在恶性胸水的诊断中有重要价值.     

NSE、MMS IL-8联检对良、恶性胸水的临床诊断价值

目的:研究NSE、MMS、IL-8在胸腔积液(胸水)中的含量及其与良恶性胸水的关系。方法:采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验及放射免疫分析检测了26例漏出性胸水组、93例结核性胸膜炎组和89例恶性肿瘤组患者的NSE、MMS、IL-8含量。结果:胸水NSE的含量在小细胞肺癌组和非小细胞肺癌组中明显高于其它组别(P<0.01);小细胞肺癌组又明显高于非小细胞肺癌组(P<0.01);胸水MMS的含量,在恶性肿瘤性胸水组中明显高于结核性胸水组(P<0.01);胸水IL-8的含量在结核性胸水组中明显高于恶性肿瘤性胸水组(P<0.01)。结论:胸水中NSE、MMS、IL-8含量联合检测对鉴别良恶性胸水有着极其重要临床应用价值。     

胸水和血清中CEA、CYFRA21-1、TPS联合检测对良恶性胸水及肺癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨胸水和血清肿瘤标志物癌胚抗原(CEA),细胞角蛋白片段21-1(CYFRA21-1) ,组织多肽特异性抗原(TPS)在肺癌诊断中的临床意义.方法:应用电化学发光法和ELISA分别测定78例肺癌患者,45例肺部良性疾病胸水和血清CEA、CYFRA21-1、TPS水平,结果:肺癌组胸水CEA、CYFRA21-1、TPS水平明显高于良性疾病胸水组(P<0.01);肺癌组血清CEA、TPS水平明显高于良性疾病血清组(P<0.05,P<0.01);在不同病理类型肺癌中3种肺癌肿瘤标志物升高的程度均有所不同;恶性胸水组中肿瘤标志物的含量与同期血清中的含量相比,出现更早且浓度更高,尤以TPS升高最为明显.单项检测中,胸水TPS的敏感性最高,联合检测中,胸水TPS CYFRA21-1 CEA的敏感性和准确性最高.结论:CEA、CYFRA21-1、TPS三项联合检测对良恶性胸水的鉴别有较好的诊断价值. 胸水中3种肺癌标志物的联合检测较血清有更高的敏感性,准确性.其临床价值优于血清.     

乳腺良恶性病变组织端粒长度和端粒酶活性检测

目的　比较乳腺良恶性病变端粒长度改变及其在肿瘤发生发展中的意义 ;探讨端粒酶活性与临床病理参数的关系及其在乳腺癌诊断中的价值。方法　Southern印迹杂交检测TRF长度 ,端粒重复扩增分析 (TRAP)方法检测端粒酶活性。结果　乳腺癌组织平均TRF为 (5 2± 2 8)kb ,与正常组织比较明显缩短 (P <0 0 0 1) ,从正常乳腺组织到乳腺良性病变、乳腺原位癌及浸润性癌平均TRF呈递减趋势。 5 8例乳腺癌中 4 9例端粒酶阳性 (84 7% ) ,端粒酶活性与临床病理参数无相关性 ;癌旁组织端粒酶为阴性 ,而 7例乳腺增生症和 6例乳腺纤维腺瘤中分别有 1例端粒酶阳性 ,与乳腺癌比其差异有显著性 (P <0 0 0 1)。结论　端粒长度在肿瘤发生发展过程中渐进性缩短 ,并最终触发端粒酶的激活 ;端粒酶活性检测有望成为乳腺癌诊断的可靠标记物     

良性和恶性胸腹水中红细胞免疫功能分析

本文报道良性、恶性胸腹水有关红细胞免疫功能实验研究结果。发现恶性胸腹水红细胞免疫抑制因子活性明显上升，促进因子活性明显下降，胸腹水中红细胞免疫粘附功能明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），而良性胸腹水红细胞免疫功能变化不显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。本文对恶性胸腹水中红细胞免疫功能变化机理与意义进行了初步讨论。     

CYFRA 21-1,HER-2/neu及NSE在胸腔积液鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:探讨肿瘤标志物细胞角蛋白片段抗原21-1(CYFRA 21-1)、人体表皮生长因子受体-2(HER-2/neu)和神经元烯醇化酶(NSE)对良、恶性胸水鉴别诊断的临床应用价值。方法:分别用放射免疫法及ELISA法,定量检测62例恶性及48例良性胸腔积液患者血清和胸腔积液中CYFRA 21-1、HER-2/neu和NSE的含量。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析各指标的临床性能,并确定其截断点(cutoffvalue)。结果:恶性胸水患者血清及胸水中CYFRA 21-1、HER-2/neu和NSE的含量均显著高于良性胸水患者(P0.01)。胸腔积液中CYFRA 21-1、HER-2/neu和NSE的含量明显高于血清(P0.01或0.05)。各指标的截断点分别为:血清NSE为11.40μg/L,胸腔积液NSE为16.47μg/L;血清CYFRA 21-1为4.94μg/L,胸腔积液CYFRA 21-1为7.70μg/L;血清HER-2/neu为2.50μg/L,胸腔积液HER-2/neu为3.50μg/L。单独检测血清和胸腔积液CYFRA 21-1、HER-2/neu和NSE的ROC曲线下面积,分别为0.852、0.932,0.867、0.887和0.773、0.846,两两联合检测可使ROC曲线下面积增大,3项指标联合检测的ROC曲线下面积高达0.999。结论:检测胸水中的CYFRA 21-1、HER-2/neu和NSE,对良、恶性胸水的鉴别诊断具有一定的临床意义。运用ROC曲线分析可确定各项检测指标的截断点,科学地服务于临床。单个指标的检测有一定的局限性,只有综合利用多项检测指标对患者作出诊断,才能提高诊断的准确性。     

Primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system presenting with ascites and pleural effusion

A 70-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital owing to ascites and pleural effusion. Though malignant cells (B-cell type lymphoma) were detected in both the ascites and pleural effusion, neither lymph node swelling nor a tumor was detected upon chest, abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT). After weekly THP-COP therapy for 8 weeks, the ascites and pleural effusion completely disappeared. Two years after the first admission, she was re-admitted because of a disturbance of consciousness, and a brain tumor was detected on CT scan. The immunohistological and genetic data for the brain tumor were identical to those of the malignant cells in the pleural effusion and ascites detected 2 years previously. Whereas the symptoms at onset of a primary lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS) are usually neurological ones, in this rare case of primary CNS lymphoma, the symptoms at onset were the ascites and pleural effusion without neurological symptoms.     

Clinical evaluation and tissue distribution of CA125 in patients with pleural effusion

CA125 in serum and pleural effusion was measured in 51 patients with malignant effusion and 38 patients with benign effusion, and the tissue distribution of CA125 was investigated by immunohistochemical technique. The 51 malignant effusions were secondary to primary lung cancer. The 38 benign effusions were taken from 23 patients with tuberculous pleurisy, 9 patients with empyema, 5 patients with congestive heart failure and one patient with nephrosis. In the mean level and the positive rate of serum CA125, no significant difference was shown between primary lung cancer and tuberculosis or the other benign diseases. The mean level of CA125 in pleural effusion of primary lung cancer was significantly higher than that in pleural effusion of tuberculosis (p less than 0.01), and showed a tendency to increase compared to that in pleural effusion of the other benign diseases (p less than 0.1). The mean level of CA125 in pleural effusion of tuberculosis was significantly lower than that in the other benign diseases (p less than 0.02). The positive rate of CA125 in malignant effusion was 43.1% and the diagnostic specificity of it was 86.7%. CA125 was detected in carcinoma cells and activated mesothelial cells in pleural effusion and mesothelial cells of normal pleural tissue by immunohistochemical staining. These results suggest that the measurement of CA125 in pleural effusion is useful for differential diagnosis of the malignant effusion from the benign effusion and that CA125 in pleural effusion of pleuritis carcinomatosa is produced by not only carcinoma cells but also activated mesothelial cells.     

ADA、ACE、LDH、CEA的联合检测在结核性和恶性胸腔积液中的鉴别诊断价值

目的测定血清和胸水中腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）、血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）与癌胚抗原（CEA）的水平,探讨其指标联合检测对结核性和恶性胸水的鉴别诊断意义。方法对临床已确诊的72例胸腔积液患者（结核性40例,恶性32例）的胸水和血清分别采用酶免疫法和化学发光法进行ADA、ACE、LDH和CEA含量测定。结果结核性胸水中ADA的含量为（60.2±20.10）U/L,ACE的含量为（35±9.6）U/L,LDH的含量为（338±41）U/L,CEA的含量为（12.8±5.82）μg/L;在恶性胸水中,ADA为（11.02±5.23）U/L,ACE为（16±11.0）U/L,LDH为（379±69.0）U/L,CEA为（39.9±19.7）μg/L。结核性胸水ADA和ACE含量较恶性胸水组明显增高（P〈0.01）,CEA在恶性胸水中含量较结核性胸水组明显增高（P〈0.01）。胸水中ADA和ACE的检测对结性性胸膜积液诊断的敏感性分别为84.3%、87.5%,特异性分别为87.5%、80.0%;而胸水中LDH和CEA的检测对恶性胸膜积液诊断的敏感分别为84.3%、75.0%,特异性分别为80.0%、93.0%。四项指标联合检测敏感性性为78.1%,特异性为97.5%,较单一指标的特异性高。结论胸水中ADA、ACE、LDH和CEA的联合检测对结核性和恶性胸水的鉴别诊断具有一定价值,有助于临床胸水性质的诊断。     

Detection of malignant effusions: comparison of a telomerase assay and cytologic examination

Telomerase is inactive in most somatic cells, but has been found to be reactivated in a majority of cancers. Our principal goal was to test whether the presence of telomerase activity concurred with positive cytology, and was thus of potential use in detecting cancer cells in effusions. The telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay and cytological examination were performed in a blinded fashion on 91 unselected effusions, for which laboratory processing was done according to standard procedures. In our series, 30% (27/91) of samples were found to be malignant by cytology. Of these, 19 (70%) were also positive in the TRAP assay. Of the 8 telomerase-negative cytology-positive samples, RNA integrity was generally poor, indicating suboptimal sample conservation for molecular analysis. Negative cytology in the presence of telomerase activity was observed in 17 effusions. Of these, 11 were from patients with advanced cancer, and thus a diagnosis of malignant effusion should be suspected. The TRAP assay for telomerase activity holds promise in the analysis of effusions, but its routine use as an adjunct to cytology awaits further confirmation of its positive predictive value.     

DNA定量分析检测对胸腔积液的诊断价值研究

目的 探讨细胞DNA定量分析在不明原因胸水诊断中的应用价值。方法 收集本院2015年9月~2016年3月122例胸腔积液患者抽取胸水,标本制片后分别经巴氏染色行脱落细胞学检查,Feulgen染色后行细胞DNA定量分析。结果 122例胸腔积液中有56例恶性胸腔积液,66例良性胸腔积液。细胞学检测恶性胸水敏感度为82.14%,特异性为98.48%,阳性预测值97.87%,阴性预测值86.67%。细胞DNA定量分析检测恶性胸水敏感度为80.36%,特异度为90.91%,阳性预测值88.24%,阴性预测值84.51%。两种方法诊断结果一致性一般（Kappa=0.473,P＜0.001）,差异无统计学意义（P=1.0）。结论 DNA定量分析检测是一种较敏感而特异的肺癌的筛查技术,DNA异倍体有望作为良恶性胸水诊断有价值的标志物。     

In situ telomerase activity in pleural effusions: a promising marker for malignancy

Telomerase activity in 16 pleural effusions was studied using an in situ telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay on cytospin preparations. Six of nine cytologically malignant specimens contained telomerase-positive cells (67%), and in two further specimens, suspicious positive cells were seen. Two of four atypical specimens contained telomerase-positive cells, whereas two benign cases were telomerase-negative. No mesothelial cells showed telomerase reactivity. Thus, telomerase activity was specific for malignancy and it was always found only in malignant cells. The results suggest that telomerase activity measured with this in situ method can be a valuable complement in the assessment of malignancy in pleural effusions.     

The utility of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern in the diagnostic evaluation of malignant and nonmalignant ascites

OBJECTIVE: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a tetrameric protein composed of four monomers, is expressed as five isoenzymes. Serum LDH isoenzymes may be useful in differential diagnosis of ascites etiology since tissue damage releases isoenzymes contained therein, leading to a change in their pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We determined ascitic fluid LDH level and LDH isoenzyme activities in patients with malignant and nonmalignant ascites in a total of 76 patients (43 males and 33 females). RESULTS: LDH level, LDH-4 activity and LDH-5 activity were found to be significantly higher, and LDH-1 activity was found to be lower in malignant ascites when compared with nonmalignant ascites. LDH-1 activity was detected to be significantly higher in the sterile cirrhotic ascites when compared with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, malignant ascites, tuberculous ascites and congestive heart failure-related ascites. LDH-2 activity was found to be higher in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis when compared with the other groups. LDH-3 activity was detected to be higher in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, malignant ascites and tuberculous ascites when compared with the sterile cirrhotic ascites. In the diagnosis of malignant ascites, the sensitivity and specificity were 96% and 76% for LDH level, 90% and 70% for LDH-1 activity, 94% and 62% for LDH-4 activity, and 100% and 56% for LDH-5 activity, respectively. CONCLUSION: Ascitic LDH and its isoenzyme pattern may be helpful for the differential diagnosis of the most common causes of ascites: cirrhosis, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, congestive heart failure, tuberculosis and malignancy.     

癌性胸腔积液的病理细胞学、免疫学诊断的对比性研究

目的 对癌性胸腔积液（胸液）病理细胞学和免疫学诊断方法进行对比研究。方法 比较分析76例癌性胸液的临床表现、影偈学表现、胸液找癌细胞、胸膜活检、胸腔镜检查、血清及胸液癌胚抗原（CEA）测定结果。结果 70.0%癌性胸液为血性,诊断符合率分别为：胸腔镜为90.0%,胸膜活检为72.0%,胸液找癌细胞为46.0%,纤维支气管镜为27.0%,恶性胸液CEA比其血清CEA明显升高,两者间差异有显著性（P 《0。05）。结论 病理细胞学检查可确诊癌性胸液,CEA检测可以提高该病的检出率,纤维支气管镜代替胸腔镜对疑难性胸液是一种创伤少、安全、诊断率极高的检查手段。     

癌性胸腔积液的病理细胞学、免疫学诊断的对比性研究

目的对癌性胸腔积液（胸液）病理细胞学和免疫学诊断方法进行对比研究.方法比较分析76例癌性胸液的临床表现、影像学表现、胸液找癌细胞、胸膜活检、胸腔镜检查、血清及胸液癌胚抗原（CEA）测定结果.结果 70.0%癌性胸液为血性.诊断符合率分别为：胸腔镜为90.0%,胸膜活检为72.0%,胸液找癌细胞为46.0%,纤维支气管镜为27.0%,恶性胸液CEA比其血清 CEA 明显升高,两者间差异有显著性（p<0.05）.结论病理细胞学检查可确诊癌性胸液,CEA检测可以提高该病的检出率.纤维支气管镜代替胸腔镜对疑难性胸液是一种创伤少、安全、诊断率极高的检查手段.     

Detection of tumour necrosis factor/cachectin in pleural effusion of patients with lung cancer.

We have found that the pleural effusion obtained from a patient with lung cancer (adenocarcinoma) has cytotoxic activity against the patient's lung cancer cells. This finding occurred in the course of establishing a lung cancer cell line from the patient's pleural effusion. The cytotoxic factor was partially purified from the pleural effusion and characterized. It had cytotoxicity against L-929 mouse fibroblasts in the standard 18-h killing assay of tumour necrosis factor (TNF). By molecular sieving chromatography, the activity appeared at molecular weight of 50,000. This activity was completely blocked by a monoclonal antibody to TNF. From these results, we conclude that the cytotoxic factor in the pleural effusion is TNF. The concentration of TNF in the pleural effusion was 34.5 pg/ml by radioimmunoassay. In addition, we detected TNF activity and protein in two other cases of carcinomatous pleural effusion. Therefore, it would appear that in vivo TNF displays cytotoxic activity against cancer cells.