右旋反式氯丙炔菊酯的合成及其药效研究

目的研制一种新型卫生杀虫剂--右旋反式氯丙炔菊酯.方法采用右旋反式DV菊酸与S-炔丙醇酮为原料,经化学拆分、酰氯化及酯化等反应合成右旋反式氯丙炔菊酯,并采用GB/T13917.1-1992和GB/T17322.2-1998标准方法测定了对致倦库蚊和德国小蠊的药效.结果右旋反式氯丙炔菊酯对致倦库蚊及德国小蠊的KT50值分别为8.5 min和3.46min.结论右旋反式氯丙炔菊酯对蚊虫和蟑螂等害虫具有良好的击倒作用和杀灭能力,可以作为一种新型卫生杀虫剂加以推广和应用.     

丙炔菊酯对蚊蝇的灭效研究

目的:了解国产丙炔菊酯对蚊、蝇的击倒效果;方法:采用密闭圆筒法;结果:在使用剂量1ml/m~3时,0.0125％的丙炔菊酯酊剂对致乏库蚊的KT_(50)为2.27min,与0.05％的EBT酊剂的击倒速度相近;0.1％的丙快菊酯酊剂对家蝇的KT_(50)是3.14min,与0.2％的EBT酊剂的击倒速度相近;结论:丙炔菊酯对蚊虫有很好的击倒效果,是EBY的2～4倍;对蝇也有良好的击倒效果,是EBT的1～2倍。     

卫生杀虫剂有效成分测定方法的研究

目的 :对 4种常见卫生杀虫剂有效成分测定方法进行研究 ,为控制这几种卫生杀虫剂的内在质量提供依据。方法 :气相色谱定量方法中的内标法 ,FID检测器 ,毛细管柱。结果 :盘式蚊香用 2种内标物进行测定 ,标准偏差分别是 0 .1和 0 .0 4 6 ,变异系数分别为 3.2 5 %和 1.5 4 % ,平均回收率为 97.84 %和 98.6 9% ;电热液体蚊香标准偏差和变异系数分别为 0 .33× 10 -3 和 3.89% ,平均回收率为 99.7% ;电热蚊香片以丙烯菊酯为主要成分采用 2种内标物的变异系数为 0 .86 %和 1.5 3% ,以丙炔菊酯为主要成分采用 2种内标物的变异系数为1.89%和 2 .0 9% ;杀虫气雾剂用丙烯菊酯、丙炔菊酯、胺菊酯、富右旋反式苯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯进行复配制得药液 ,它们的回收率分别为 10 2 .4 3% ,10 0 .77% ,10 0 .2 6 % ,10 0 .39% ,10 1.10 %和 10 3.16 %。结论 :本方法分离状态好 ,分析的精确度、准确度高 ,适用于 4种卫生杀虫剂中菊酯类物质有效成分测定     

DNA修复基因O~6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶在人群肺癌发生中的作用

目的：探讨DNA修复基因O^6－甲基鸟嘌呤－DNA甲基转移酶（O^6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase,hMGMT)在人群肺癌发生中的作用。方法：用逆转录－聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）技术检测150例肺癌组织、40例正常肺组织、50例对肺癌例和对照外周血单个核细胞中hMGMT基因mRNA的表达；用免疫组化检测p53、C－MYC、K－RAS基因表达，并分析有关暴露因素对修复基因hMGMT表达的影响，以及hMGMT基因与p53、C－MYC、K－RAS等癌变相关基因的关系。结果：32．7％（49／150）的肺癌组织和5．0％（2／40）的正常肺组织存在hMGMT基因表达低下，hMGMT基因表达低下与肺癌发生的危险度OR值为9．22（2．05－57．65），20．0％（10／50）的肺癌病人外周血和4％（2／50）的正常人外周单个核细胞细胞也可检出hMGMT基因表达低下，探讨影响hMGMT基因表达的各种暴露因素，发现吸烟可抑制hMGMT基因表达，另外发现，K－RAS癌基因的过度表达与hMGMT表达低下有关（P＜0．05）；而p53、C－MYC基因的表达与hMGMT无关。结论：DNA修复hMGMT在肺癌发生中起着重要的作用，其表达低下是人群发生肺癌的危险因素之一，该基因的低表达可作为有价值的肺癌易感性标志。     

一起硫酸二甲酯和N-甲基吡咯混合中毒事故报告

1999年 7月 2 9日我公司三车间投产Ｎ 甲基吡咯过程中发生一起混合中毒事故 ,7例有明显的眼部及呼吸道、中枢神经系统、消化系统、皮肤等刺激症状 ,临床表现以硫酸二甲酯中毒为主 ,其次为Ｎ 甲基吡咯 ,现报告如下。1　中毒经过7名患者均为工段操作工人和技术员 ,于 1999年 7月 2 8日承担Ｎ 甲基吡咯生产任务 ,该产品由吡咯、硫酸二甲酯等化工原料所合成。在对该系统管道清洗、试压、通风、干燥后进行产品投产 ,操作中操作工均穿单工作服 ,戴橡胶手套 ,车间气温达 3 2℃左右。 7月 2 9日至 3 1日连续 3天上班 ,7名工人出现眼灼痛、喉部有烧灼…     

急性3-氯-2-甲基苯胺群体中毒报告

为查明16例“血尿”病人的原因，明确诊断，对16例“血尿”病人作了血常规、尿常规、肝功能、肾功能、血高铁血红蛋白、尿游离血红蛋白、尿隐血试验等检查及劳动卫生学调查。发现接触的还原铁泥成分为Fe3O4占70％－80％、水分占20％－30％、3－氯－2－甲基苯胺占0．1％－0．5％；16例病人以血尿为主，部分伴有泌尿道刺激症状，不伴发热，无发疳；检测血高铁血红蛋白在正常范围，尿常规：红细胞满视野，尿蛋白（＋＋－＋＋＋），尿游离血红蛋白（－），尿隐血试验（＋＋－＋＋＋＋）。明确了血尿的原因，为3－氯－2－甲基苯胺经皮肤吸收中毒，出血性膀胱炎。     

丙炔菊酯电热蚊香片药效及防蚊效果初步研究

为了掌握国产丙炔菊酯电热蚊香片滴加液的药效及防蚊效果,我们对其进行了实验室和模拟现场的驱(杀)蚊的生物效果以及模拟现场的驱赶和蚊虫吸血试验,结果表明,该制剂在实验室连续加热8h,于第1、2、4、6、8h对蚊的击倒中时(KT_(50))分别为4.39、4.73、4.99、6.43、7.50min,在同一剂量下与日本住友生产的丙炔菊酯(益多克)的药效接近;在模拟现场对蚊的KT_(50)为8.15min,与益多克的击倒速度相近;在模拟现场防蚊效果达100％以上;结果表明国产丙炔菊酯电热蚊香片滴加液对蚊的驱(杀)效果已达到国外同类产品的水平,具有良好的驱(杀)效果。     

固相时间分辨荧光免疫分析螯合剂(Ⅰ)中间体-4,4''''-二溴-6,6''''-二甲基2,2''''-联吡啶的合成

目的：合成固相时间分辨荧光免疫分析螯合剂的中间体-4，4’-二溴-6,6’二甲基2，2’-二吡啶。方法：根据自行设计的合成路线，以2-氨基6-甲基吡啶为原料，经重氮化、乌尔曼偶联合成6,6’-二甲基-2,2’-二吡啶，再经氧化、硝化、溴化、脱氧等合成4，4’-二溴-6,6’二甲基2，2’-二吡啶。结果：经元素分析、红外光谱，核磁共振波谱等方法证明：成功的合成了4，4’-二溴-6，6’二甲基2，2’-二吡啶。结论：通过自行设计路线完成了4，4’-二溴-6，6’二甲基2，2’-二吡啶的合成，为固相时间分辨荧光免疫分析的应用提供了有价值的中间体和制备方法。     

含EBT、胺菊酯及氯菊酯的杀虫混剂同柱气相色谱分析方法研究

目的：同柱测定杀虫混剂配方中有效成分EBT，胺菊酯与氯菊酯含量，方法：气相色谱法，色谱柱选择为2％－SE－30／ChromosorbWHP(60-80目），以邻苯二甲酸二壬酯为内标，结果：测得EBT，胺菊酯与氯菊酯的变异系数分别为0．62％，0．61％，0．73％；平均回收率各为101．41％，102．12％，结论：方法简便，快速，准确。     

功夫菊酯半抗原的合成及结构表征

目的为了建立功夫菊酯残留的酶联免疫分析方法,设计并合成了功夫菊酯的半抗原。方法利用功夫菊酸和α-氰基-(3-苯氧基)苄醇通过酰化、水解、酯化多步反应合成了功夫菊酯的半抗原:2,2-二甲基-3-(2-氯-3,3,3-三氟-1-丙烯基)环丙烷羧酸-α-(N-丁酸基)-甲酰氨-3-苯氧基苄酯。结果通过质谱和核磁鉴定了半抗原的结构,证明所合成的产物为目标产物。结论合成的半抗原分子保留了功夫菊酯结构的主要特点,为进一步建立功夫菊酯的酶联免疫分析方法提供了研究基础。     

丙炔菊酯的毒性研究

目的 了解丙炔菊酯的急性与亚慢万籁 毒辣性、刺激性、突变性和致敏性。方法 按国家标准GB15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》进行大鼠急性经口、经皮与吸入毒性试验。小鼠急性皮下、腹腔注射试验。皮肤致敏试验,Ames试验和亚慢性经口试验,结果 大鼠急性经口LD50;雌性为501mg/kg,雄性为926mg/dkg;经皮LD50;雌性为2610mg/kg,雄性大于2150mg/kg;急性吸入LC50为471.5dmg/dm^3;小鼠急性皮下注射LD50;雌性为2710mg/kg,雄性为2370mg/kg;急性腹腔注射KL50;雌、雄鼠均为316mg/kg;眼、皮肤刺激为轻度刺激性;Ames试验为阴性;皮肤致敏率为6.7%;亚慢性经口毒性试验最大无作用剂量为每天2.340mg/kg。结论 丙炔菊酯的急性经口、经皮毒性为低毒级,急性吸入毒性为中毒级;为弱致敏物,无致突变性。     

德国小蠊的抗性监测及乙酰胆碱酯酶活性研究

目的明确南昌市德国小蠊对几种常用杀虫剂的抗性现状及乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)在抗性中的作用,为建立一种快速、灵敏的生化检测方法和蟑螂的化学药剂控制提供科学依据。方法采用药膜法测定德国小蠊对5种常用杀虫剂的抗性水平,酶活性的测定参照Ellman(1961)的方法。结果德国小蠊对残杀威、溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、右旋反式丙炔菊酯和敌敌畏的抗性指数分别为1.091 6、1.364 7、4.991 5、5.251 9、>122.261 8倍。对德国小蠊抗性和敏感品系AChE活力比较结果表明,抗性品系AChE比活力相对于敏感品系明显降低,差异达极显著水平(P<0.01),而且抗性品系的Km值也显著升高(P<0.01),说明AChE发生了质变,导致酶和底物的结合能力显著降低,敏感度显著降低。结论德国小蠊野外品系除对残杀威和溴氰菊酯较敏感外,对敌敌畏产生了高度抗性,对高效氯氰菊酯和右旋反式丙炔菊酯也都产生了一定程度的抗性,两者的抗性水平相当。对AChE的活性及动力学研究结果表明AChE敏感度降低与德国小蠊对有机磷、氨基甲酸酯和菊酯类杀虫剂产生的抗性密切相关。     

Acute effects of a fungal volatile compound

OBJECTIVE: 3-Methylfuran (3-MF) is a common fungal volatile product with active biologic properties, and previous studies have indicated a contribution to airway disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the acute health effects of this compound in humans. DESIGN: Acute effects were assessed via chamber exposure to (1 mg/m3) 3-MF. PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS: Twenty-nine volunteers provided symptom reports, ocular electromyograms, measurement of eye tear film break-up time,vital staining of the eye, nasal lavage, acoustic rhinometry, transfer tests, and dynamic spirometry. RESULTS: No subjective ratings were significantly increased during exposure. Blinking frequency and the lavage biomarkers myeloperoxidase and lysozyme were significantly increased, and forced vital capacity was significantly decreased during exposure to 3-MF compared with air control. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Acute effects in the eyes, nose, and airways were detected and might be the result of the biologically active properties of 3-MF. Thus, 3-MF may contribute to building-related illness.     

Evaluation of Psn, HmuR and a modified LcrV protein delivered to mice by live attenuated Salmonella as a vaccine against bubonic and pneumonic Yersinia pestis challenge

We evaluated the ability of Yersinia pestis antigens HmuR, Psn and modified forms of LcrV delivered by live attenuated Salmonella strains to stimulate a protective immune response against subcutaneous or intranasal challenge with Y. pestis CO92. LcrV196 is a previously described truncated protein that includes aa 131-326 of LcrV and LcrV5214 has been modified to replace five key amino acids required for interaction with the TLR2 receptor. Psn is the outer membrane receptor for the siderophore, yersiniabactin, and the bacteriocin, pesticin. Mice immunized with Salmonella synthesizing Psn, LcrV196 or LcrV5214 developed serum IgG responses to the respective Yersinia antigen and were protected against pneumonic challenge with Y. pestis. Immunization with Salmonella synthesizing Psn or LcrV196 was sufficient to afford nearly full protection against bubonic challenge, while immunization with the strain synthesizing LcrV5214 was not protective. Immunization with Salmonella synthesizing HmuR, an outer membrane protein involved in heme acquisition in Y. pestis, was poorly immunogenic and did not elicit a protective response against either challenge route. These findings indicate that both Psn and LcrV196 delivered by Salmonella provide protection against both bubonic and pneumonic plague.     

4种不同液体蚊香在野外对流行性乙型脑炎媒介控制效果研究

目的研究4种电热液体蚊香[0．12％四氟甲醚菊酯（A）,0．17％四氟甲醚菊酯（B）,0．86％四氟苯菊酯（C）,0．86％四氟丙炔菊酯（D）]在野外对流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）媒介的控制效果。方法采用人诱法,比较测定控制蚊虫前、后密度的下降率,调查蚊虫密度。结果试验主要蚊虫为传播乙脑的三带喙库蚊和致倦库蚊。蚊香样品中仅有样品A使三带喙库蚊的密度下降率〉80％,样品B、C和D使三带喙库蚊密度下降率均〈80％;蚊香样品A、C、D使致倦库蚊的密度下降率〉80％,样品B使其密度下降率在70％-80％之间。结论4种蚊香样品在现场有良好的驱避致倦库蚊和三带喙库蚊的效果,但是蚊香B的驱蚊效果要差于蚊香样品A、C、D,野外试验结果与实验室药效有差别。     

昆虫保幼激素蚊蝇醚合成工艺的研究

目的：介绍昆虫保幼激素蚊蝇醚的合成工艺;方法：以对羟基二苯醚为原料,经两步合成;结果：总收率为50．4％,含量为98％;结论：蚊蝇醚杀虫剂工艺路线不复杂,原料立足于国内,能进行工业化生产。     

The ability of divalent cations to enhance ethanol-induced sleeping time

This investigation was carried out to determine if prolongation of ethanol-induced sleep by divalent cations is mediated by calmodulin (CaM) and biogenic amine. The effects of CaM antagonist, W-7:[N-(6-Aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide], serotonin (5-HT) synthesizing enzyme inhibitor, p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), and catecholamine synthesizing enzyme inhibitor, alpha-methyltyrosine (alpha MPT) on ethanol-induced sleeping time enhanced by divalent cations were studied in ddY male mice. The ethanol-induced sleeping time was increased by 70, 200, 180, 70, and 45% by intraventricular (IVT) injection of CaCl2 (10 mumol/kg), MnCl2 (15 mumol/kg), ZnCl2 (2.5 mumol/kg), CdCl2 (1 mumol/kg), and HgCl2 (1 mumol/kg), respectively, compared to the saline group. On the other hand, when mice were treated IVT with W-7 and their divalent cation, the sleeping time induced by ethanol was decreased compared to that of the cation without W-7 treated mice. Also, when mice were injected simultaneously with either PCPA or alpha MPT and CaCl2, ZnCl2, CdCl2, or HgCl2, the ethanol-induced sleeping time was less compared to those given saline together with their cation, respectively. These results would suggest a probable mechanism in which Ca++, Zn++, Cd++, and Hg++ prolong ethanol-induced sleeping time by activating biogenic amine synthesizing enzymes through cerebral CaM and CaM-dependent protein kinase.     

Pyrethroid pesticides and their metabolites in vacuum cleaner dust collected from homes and day-care centers

Urinary metabolites of pyrethroid pesticides have been used as biomarkers to estimate human exposure to the parent insecticide. It is important to establish whether these markers are present in environments or media to which humans are exposed routinely. Failure to account for the contribution of pre-existing markers to urinary concentrations could result in risk assessments that overestimate exposure. The purpose of this study was to quantify the concentrations of 13 selected pyrethroid pesticides and their degradation products in samples of indoor dust that had been collected in vacuum cleaner bags during the children's total exposure to persistent pesticides and other persistent organic pollutants (CTEPP) study of homes and day cares in North Carolina and Ohio. Sieved contents of 85 vacuum cleaner bags were analyzed, and permethrin was found in all samples. Sixty-nine samples contained at least one additional pyrethroid, but none contained more than five pyrethroids in detectable concentrations. Resmethrin, prallethrin, and fenpropathrin were not detected in any samples, while 36 contained phenothrin. The median concentration of permethrin in the samples was 1454 ng/g of dust. Excluding permethrin, pyrethroid concentrations were typically less than or equal to 100 ng/g of dust. The majority of degradates were present in more than half of the dust samples, usually at concentrations of less than or equal to 100 ng/g of dust. For those pyrethroids with a characteristic oxydibenzene group, the cyclopropane degradates were present at higher concentrations than the corresponding benzoic acid moieties. Using urinary concentrations of these metabolites to model human exposure to the parent pyrethroids, may over-estimate risk due to the presence of pre-existing degradates in dust.     

Statistical synthesis of contextual knowledge to increase the effectiveness of theory-based behaviour change interventions

Tailored implementation strategies targeting health professionals' adoption of evidence-based recommendations are currently being developed. Research has focused on how to select an appropriate theoretical base, how to use that theoretical base to explore the local context, and how to translate theoretical constructs associated with the key factors found to influence innovation adoption into feasible and tailored implementation strategies. The reasons why an intervention is thought not to have worked are often cited as being: inappropriate choice of theoretical base; unsystematic development of the implementation strategies; and a poor evidence base to guide the process. One area of implementation research that is commonly overlooked is how to synthesize the data collected in a local context in order to identify what factors to target with the implementation strategies. This is suggested to be a critical process in the development of a theory-based intervention. The potential of multilevel modelling techniques to synthesize data collected at different hierarchical levels, for example, individual attitudes and team level variables, is discussed. Future research is needed to explore further the potential of multilevel modelling for synthesizing contextual data in implementation studies, as well as techniques for synthesizing qualitative and quantitative data.     

43例咯血病人的护理体会

目的探讨有效地提高咯血患者的治愈率、降低死亡率的治疗方法。方法综合专家意见以及参考文献在43例咯血患者中采取有效的护理对策和护理干预。结果治愈38例,转外科手术治疗3例,死亡2例。结论高素质的护理配合临床治疗,能有效地帮助止血,预防窒息和休克发生,减少患者死亡风险,同时可提高咯血病人的自我保健知识。