房室结快径电生理特性与慢径消融相互作用的临床研究

目的探讨房室结折返性心动过速慢径消融后对快径传导的影响。方法入选慢快型房室结折返性心动过速患者42例,根据首次放电消融后结果进行分组,第一组:慢径消失组:不能再诱发房室结折返性心动过速;第二组,慢径改良组:可见慢径跳跃现象;第三组:慢径残存组,可见慢径跳跃现象,或后可诱发房室结折返性心动过速。比较三组患者消融前后的快径不应期,快径前传时间,快径前传时间差值变化。结果慢径消失组17例(40.5%),慢径改良组14例(33.3%),慢径残存组11例(26.2%)。慢径消失组患者消融前后快径不应期缩短(234.71±13.28vs331.18±21.18,p0.05)差异存在统计学意义,慢径改良组患者消融后快径不应期缩短(245.71±12.22vs323.57±26.49,p0.05)差异有统计学意义,慢径残存组患者消融前后快径不应期无明显变化(264.55±21.62 vs320.91±15.78,p=0.23)。与慢径残存组相比,慢径消失组和慢径改良组传导消融术后快径不应期以及快径前传时间明显缩短,存在统计学差异。结论慢径完全消融后,快径不应期和快径前传时间均明显缩短,提示慢径消融的同时可以改善房室结快径的前向传导功能,这一现象可结合其他指标作为评价房室结折返性心动过速慢径消融效果的参考。     

射频消融慢径对房室结前传文氏周期的影响

目的：分析射频消融房室结慢径后对房室结前传文氏周期的影响。方法：67倒房室结折返性心动过逮患者，进行了选择性房室结慢径消融，除1例失破外，66例消融成功，其中45例清融后慢径不存在(Ⅰ组)，12例消融后残存慢径前恃功能(Ⅱ组)。结果：消融后快径有效不应期在Ⅰ组显著变短(331±74ms vs 271±77ms，P<0．001)，在Ⅱ组无显著变化(346±49ms vs 314±50ms，p=NS)。房室结前传文氏周期消融前、后无显著变化(Ⅰ组352±60ms vs 337±71ms，P—NS,Ⅱ组350±48ms vs 343±67ms，P—NS)。在Ⅰ组，消融前、后快径前传有效不应期与房室结前传文氏周期呈正相关(清融前r=0．692，P<0．001；消融后r=0．854，P<0．001)。在Ⅱ组，消融后慢径前传有效不应期与房室结前传文氏周期无相关性(r=0．497，p<0．10)，快径前传有效不应期与房室结前传文氏周期呈正相关(r=0．838，p<0．02)。结论：射频消融慢径对房室结前传文氏周期影响不大，但明显使怏径有效不应期缩短。     

房室结慢径消融后对快径前传不应期影响

<正> 房室结双径路(DAVNP)是形成房室结折返性心动过速的必须电生理基础,射频消融房室结慢径路是治疗房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)安全、有效的方法.射频消融慢径路后有学者发现快径路前传不应期发生改变,本文对慢径路消融后快径路前传不应期改变,探讨慢径路消融后对快径路前传不应期的影响.1 资料和方法1.1 病例选择经电生理检查证实为DAVNP伴AVNRT患者44例,其中男性21例,女性23例;年龄15～77岁,平均年龄46.77±14.89岁;病史0.6～30年,均有反复发作室上性心动过速史.无器质性心脏病证据.合并房室结快径经消融者未选入.     

射频消融房室结慢径对房室结传导功能的电生理影响

58例射频消融(RFCA)房室结慢径对房室结传导功能的电生理影响 结果 RFCA后房室结正向1:1传导的最短周期延长、快径前传有效不应期缩短,慢径前传有效不应期无明显改变,不影响房室结传导功能。     

射频消融房室结改良消融前后心脏电生理变化的探讨

目的比较房室结双径路伴房室结内折返性心动过速(AVNRT)患者,射频消融(RFCA)慢径路改良术,消融前、后心脏各部分腔内电生理改变。方法在相同条件下,于消融前、后分别进行腔内电生理检查。记录消融前、后:希氏束电图(HIS),心房有效不应期(A—ERP),功能不应期(A—FRP),心室有效不应期(V—ERP),功能不应期(V—FRP),房室结前传有效不应期(AVN—ERP),前传文氏点(AVN—WKB),房室结逆传有效不应期(VAN—ERP),逆传文氏点(VAN—WKB),将消融前、后心脏各部分电生理参数进行配对,经SPSS统计分析软件进行T检验分析。结果消融前、后:HIS电图,A—ERP,A—FRP,V—ERP,V—FRP,AVN—ERP,及VAN—WKB均无显著差异(P>0.05)。AVN—WKB,VAN—ERP有显著差异(P<0.05)。讨论射频消融房结改良对房室结双径路AVNRT疗效肯定。在消融前、后(急性期)房室结前、逆传电生理均有一定改变。这与消融改变了房室结的部分结构,如大部分病列慢径路消失有关。不同消融部位对房室结传导电理改变产生不同的结果。没有证据表明消融后,45岁以上年龄组房室结传导改变大于45岁以下年龄组。男女不同性别组之间亦无差异。     

房室结折返性心动过速慢径消融术后复发原因分析

目的探讨房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)导管射频电消融(RFCA)术后复发的原因。方法对行导管射频电消融术100例慢快型房室结折返性心动过速患者进行随访,回顾性分析其心电生理和临床资料。结果100例患者中复发10例,复发率为10%。复发病例中7例术后慢径残存,未复发病例中3例慢径残存,慢径残存患者复发率高。未复发病例消融后的快径前传有效不应期(FPERP)较消融前缩短,分别为(277±41)m s和(318±46)m s(P<0.05);而复发病例消融后的快径前传有效不应期(FPERP)较消融前无明显缩短,分别为(298±48)m s和(311±56)m s(P>0.05)。复发病例心内电生理特点复杂多变,多种类型房室结折返性心动过速多见,未复发病例多为单纯典型房室结折返性心动过速。结论房室结折返性心动过速复发的电生理基础仍然是房室结双径路,房室结折返性心动过速复发与慢径残存及复杂的房室结、慢径结构有关。     

房室结折返性心动过速慢径消融终点与复发的关系

目的:观察房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)的慢径消融终点与复发的联系。方法:534个慢-快型AVNRT患者行慢径消融治疗,观察A型终点(彻底消融慢径,房室结无跳无折)和B型终点(残留慢径有或无1～3心房回波,不能诱发AVNRT)与AVNRT复发的联系及对房室结传导的影响。结果:①A型复发5例(1.2%),B型复发11例(9.4%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。②A型终点房室结前传文氏周期(Wen-AVN)、快径前传有效不应期和房室结双径路(DAVNP)的跳跃增值缩短,B型快径前传有效不应期和房室结双径路的跳跃增值缩短,A型有效不应期的缩短明显大于B型。结论:A型终点的复发率明显低于B型终点;只要改变房室传导功能,不能诱发心动过速,B型终点仍然是有效、可靠的消融终点。     

射频消融房室结慢径对房地传导功能的电生理影响

５８例射频消融（ＲＦＣＡ）房室结慢径对房室结传导功能的电生理影响结果ＲＦＣＡ后房室结正向１：１传导的最短周期延长、快径前传有效不应期缩短，慢径前传有效不应期无明显改变，不影响房室结传导功能。     

射频消融慢径路对房室结快径路前传功能的影响

目的房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)是一种很常见的室上性心动过速.它的发生主要是因为房室结存在不应期和传导速度不同的径路:快径路和慢径路.射频消融慢径路治疗AVNRT可以取得很好的效果,但是慢径路被消融后对房室结快径路前传的影响还不十分清楚.我们的目的在于观察AVNRT患者慢径路被消融后对房室结快径路的影响.     

射频消融房室结慢径对快径传导功能的影响（摘要）

射频消融房室结慢径对快径传导功能的影响（摘要）杨新春葛永贵商丽华胡大一房室结慢径（ＳＰ）消融对快径（ＦＰ）前传功能的影响目前存在争议。有人认为ＳＰ消融后ＦＰ前传有效不应期缩短，也有人认为对ＦＰ前传有效不应期无影响或使房室结前传有效不应期延长。笔者分析...     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.