经胸超声心动图代替经食道超声心动图引导房间隔缺损封堵术

目的：研究经胸超声心动图(TTE)代替经食道超声心动图(TEE)引导Amplatzer房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵器经导管治疗ASD。方法：64例有外科手术适应症的Ⅱ孔型ASD患者行TTE检查，如果可清楚观察ASD及其周边残存房间隔、周围功能性结构状况，能明确判断适合封堵即可选择TTE引导封堵。否则进行TEE检查，符合封堵条件者采用TEE引导。TTE引导时，心尖四腔切面观察封堵器呈规整‘00’形，大动脉短轴切面呈规整‘00’形或‘Y’形，剑下两房切面呈规整‘吕’字形；TEE引导时，观察封堵器腰部卡于房缺处、两伞平行地夹于房间隔两侧。同时超声观察到封堵器位置稳定，无残余分流，不影响周围结构功能，封堵成功。结果：5例封堵失败，其中TEE3例TTE2例。TEE成功引导26例封堵器置入，TTE33例。4例患者封堵2次，第2次住院封堵3例成功，TTE和TEE各引导2例。TTE随访，术后24小时每组各有1例患者少量残余分流(分流束宽≤2mm)，3个月时1例TTE引导的患者尚有少量残余分流。结论：大部分适合封堵的Ⅱ孔型ASD患者，TTE能清楚观察ASD及其周边残存房间隔状况、ASD边缘至周围功能性结构距离，可以代替TEE筛选患者、引导Amplatzer ASD封堵器置入。     

经胸超声心动图对房间隔缺损封堵治疗的作用评价

目的探讨经胸超卢指导下心导管封堵术在房间隔缺损治疗中的价值。方法回顾分析40例介入治疗房间隔缺损患儿的疗效。结果其中38例封堵获得成功,2例失败,术后随访2月～2年,无不良并发症。结论经胸超声指导下封堵术治疗房间隔缺损成功率高,创伤小,并发症低,住院时间短,是一项有发展前景的治疗方法。     

经胸超声心动图指导成人房间隔缺损封堵术

房间隔缺损(ASD)是常见的先天性心脏病．以往外科开胸手术是其根治的唯一方法：近年随著AmplatxerASD封堵器临床效果的肯定．已使介入治疗成为ASD治疗首选的根治方法，本研究探讨了经胸超声心动图在成人ASD封堵术中的作用及临庆意义。     

单纯经胸超声监测房间隔缺损封堵术

目的 为房间隔缺损经导管封堵术探讨一种有效可靠的经胸超声检测方法。方法 对所选36例患进行术前超声检测：以二维超声为主，多切面观察缺损的部位、大小及周边情况，剑下双房心切面尤为重要；术中超声检测：封堵器位置的确定、残余分流和瓣膜返流的显示及疗效评价等重要过程均依赖于经胸超声的监测；术后超声检测：封堵器内回声状况决定抗凝药物的应用时间。结果 应用大于术前超声经线3～5mm封堵器进行封堵，所有病例均获得成功。结论 经胸超声心动图是先天性心脏病房间隔缺损介人性治疗术中一项有重要意义的检测手段，熟练超声手法．良好的心脏解剖概念是应用经胸超声对房间隔缺损口进行全面正确评价的基础。     

经胸超声心动图在边缘不足房间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的:探讨经胸超声心动图在经导管封堵治疗边缘不足(＜5 mm)房间隔缺损中的应用价值.方法:边缘不足房间隔缺损患者39例术前均行经胸超声心动图检查,术中应用经胸超声心动图监测、指导封堵,术后应用经胸超声心动图进行随访.结果:封堵成功37例,失败2例.术后随访,成功病例封堵器位置固定,无并发症发生.结论:术前做好充分估计,术中做好监测,经胸超声心动图可满足边缘不足房间隔缺损患者介入治疗需要.     

经食管超声心动图监测儿童经胸微创房间隔缺损封堵术

近年来,外科-介入镶嵌治疗先天性心脏病正在引起关注。本组最近应用经食管超声心动图指导2例小儿房间隔缺损(ASD)外科-介入镶嵌经胸微创封堵术,取得满意效果,现报告如下。资料与方法1.病例:选取2004年6月份在我院心血管中心接受外科-介入镶嵌经胸微创封堵术的ASD2例,其中女性1例,男性1例,年龄分别为7岁5月和4岁。     

经胸超声心动图在房间隔缺损封堵术的应用

目的探讨经胸超声心动图(TTE)在房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术中的应用。方法通过TTE选择适合封堵的ASD病人25例,在TTE及X线引导下行介入封堵术,术后通过TTE进行动态随访观察。结果25例中除1例释放失败外,其余24例均释放成功,成功率为96%;术后1例病人有微量至少量残余分流,无其他严重并发症发生。术后50%以上病人接受了6个月随访。结论经导管ASD封堵术具有很高的成功率及安全性;介入封堵术疗效好、并发症少、术后恢复快;TTE可以准确地应用于ASD封堵术中。     

超声心动图在房间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的 说明超声心动图在房间隔缺损封堵术中的实际应用及其重要性。方法：共有４例继发孔型房间隔缺损患者,术前经胸和／或经食道超声确定适合封堵。要中整个操作过程包括球囊测径到置入相应型号的封堵器,均在超声心动图和Ｘ线引导下进行。结果 术后即刻超声检查显示完全封堵,无残余分流。随访１０￣１４月,封堵器位置固定,右心负荷减轻,无并发症出现。结论 经导管封堵房间隔缺损成功率高,操作简便,创伤小,其中超声心动图     

经胸超声监测房间隔缺损封堵术的临床应用

目的探讨经胸超声筛选及监测在房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术中的临床应用。方法经胸超声检查筛选ASD患者,在超声引导下封堵中央型ASD69例,对患者进行术前、术后超声检测。术前以二维超声为主,多切面观察缺损部位、大小及与周边情况,剑下双房心切面尤为重要;术中超声监测封堵全过程,指导封堵器位置、大小的确定,残余分流及瓣膜反流的显示;术后即可观察评价封堵疗效。结果经胸超声测量ASD大小与术中球囊导管测值大小接近,选用封堵器直径通常较所测缺损值大约4mm,若缺损断端较软,则应适当加大封堵器直径。66例术中显示无过隔血流;2例封堵器腰部微量残余分流,宽约2mm左右,较术前明显好转;1例封堵器脱落行急诊开胸手术治疗后痊愈。68例病例3个月后复查,肺动脉压及房室腔内径明显改善,残余分流消失。结论经胸超声术前筛选、术中监测、术后即刻疗效评价及随访对ASD封堵治疗有重要的临床应用价值。     

房间隔缺损封堵术的经胸超声监测

一、资料与方法 选取2002-2004年我院确诊的Ⅱ孔型房间隔缺损患者36例,男21例,女15例,年龄3.5～45岁,平均(15.3±7.6)岁.房间隔缺损直径16～34mm,平均(21.2±6.5)mm,采用Amplatzer封堵器,封堵器直径一般选用比房间隔缺损测值大3～5 mm.     

经胸与经食管超声心动图在房间隔缺损介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨经胸与经食道超声心动图在房间隔缺损（ASD）经皮介入治疗中的应用。方法选择2005年5月至2009年9月期间在本院接受经皮房间隔缺损封堵术的92例患者,所有患者均经过临床、心电图、X线平片及经食管超声（TEE）和／或经胸超声心动图（TTE）检查诊断为继发孔型ASD,并根据超声心动图检查结果选择封堵器大小,均经股静脉途径放置封堵器,患者术后即刻、1周复查1TrE、心电图。结果共有91例患者封堵成功,1例患者因封堵器脱落行急诊手术,经胸与经食管超声对ASD直接测量,差异有统计学意义。结论ASD介入治疗总体有效,术前慎密综合超声心动图检查结果选择适合封堵术患者及选择封堵器直径是保障治疗成功的关键,经食管超声在ASD经皮封堵术治疗中仍有重要的使用价值。     

经胸超声心动图对房间隔缺损封堵术失败原因分析

目的 评价经胸超声心动图(TTE)在房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术中的应用价值.方法 应用TTE术前检查继发ASD患者49例,确定ASD大小、形态及缺损周边残存房间隔的长度,观测有无分流及瓣膜异常.结果 41例患者封堵成功,ASD大小平均为(16.5±6.3)mm,封堵器大小平均为(18.5±8.3)mm,TTE测量大小与封堵器大小相关良好(P＜0.001),8例患者封堵失败.结论 TTE通过剑下双房矢状切面、大血管短轴切面及心尖四腔切面观察ASD及其周边结构,即可确保封堵术的成功.     

超声心动图观察房间隔缺损封堵术后右心血流动力学及形态的改变

目的应用经胸超声心动图评价房间隔缺损（ASD）封堵术前后右心血流动力学及形态学的变化。方法对30例成功经导管ASD封堵术的患者进行研究。所有患者在术前、术中、术后6月分别进行超声心动图检查,观察右心血流动力学及形态的改变。结果30例ASD封堵术均成功,患者术后右心房、右心室内径均恢复至正常范围,未见封堵器移位及ASD再通。结论ASD封堵术纠正了心脏解剖畸形和血流动力学异常;超声心动图对ASD封堵前后右心形态学评价及疗效观察起重要作用。     

经胸超声心动图在房间隔缺损封堵术中的应用价值

目的探讨经胸超声心动图(TTE)在经心导管封堵治疗房间隔缺损(ASD)的应用价值。方法46例ASD患者,缺损口大小6~38 mm。所有患者术前均经TTE检查,术中采用TTE监测指导封堵,并于术后随访。结果45例ASD患者在TTE监测指导下封堵成功,1例术中改用经食道超声监测指导封堵成功。术后45例房间隔穿隔血流消失,1例存在4 mm残余分流束,术后半年复查,残余分流束消失。所有病例封堵器位置固定,无血栓形成,右心有不同程度的缩小。结论TTE对ASD进行封堵术的术前病例筛选,术中实时监测及术后疗效评价有着重要的作用。     

经胸超声心动图引导Amplatzer封堵器经心导管封堵房间隔缺损及疗效观察

目的探讨经胸超声心动图(TTE)在引导Amplatzer封堵器经心导管封堵继发孔型房间隔缺损中的作用,并评价其初步疗效。方法运用TTE选择出适于封堵术的继发孔型ASD患者36例,并配合X线指导封堵过程,选择合适型号的封堵器并观察随访疗效。结果TTE引导封堵技术成功率100%。术后封堵完全闭合率91.7%(33/36),1个月为94.4%(34/36),3个月以上为100%。TTE所测房缺的最大直径明显小于球囊伸展径(P<0.01),但二者高度相关(r=0.93),为封堵器型号的选择提供了依据。本组36例术后随访,均未发现封堵器结构断裂、移位、血栓形成等并发症发生。结论运用TTE引导Amplatzer封堵器经心导管封堵继发孔房缺是一种安全、有效的非外科手术方法,近中期疗效可靠。较之经食管超声运用范围更广,操作更简便、安全,更易掌握及推广。     

经胸超声心动图指导软缘房间隔缺损封堵的价值

目的 评价经胸超声心动图(TTE)指导软缘房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术的可行性和作用.方法 62例软缘ASD患者,术前用彩色多普勒超声心动图结合组织谐波功能经胸测量各切面ASD大小及观察周缘软硬情况,将菲薄且来回明显摆动、无支撑力的软缘剔除测量"ASD支撑径".再根据ASD大小和"ASD支撑径"大小综合判断选择适当的封堵器型号.封堵器释放后测量其腰部大小,并与术前TTE测量的ASD最大径以及"ASD支撑径"进行比较.结果 TTE术前检查ASD最大径11～35 mm[平均(21.6±5.2)mm],剔除软缘后的"ASD支撑径"15～37 mm[平均(25.6±5.0mm],选用的封堵器18～44 mini-平均(30.7±5.5)mm,释放后封堵器腰径13～35 mini平均(24.2±5.6)mm].TTE测量的ASD最大径与释放后封堵器腰径相关性良好(r=0.86,P＜0.0001);TTE测量的剔除软缘后"ASD支撑径"与释放后封堵器腰径相关性进一步改善(r=0.89,P＜0.0001).所有患者ASD封堵器固定牢固,无脱落.结论 TTE结合组织谐波功能可以测量软缘ASD大小以及剔除软缘后的"ASD支撑径"大小,是指导软缘ASD封堵的简便、可行的方法.     

Safety and efficacy of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects guided by transthoracic echocardiography: a prospective study from two Chinese Medical Centers

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) closure guided by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). A total of 191 patients with ASD were recruited from two Chinese medical centers and TTE was carefully performed in multiple views to observe ASD number, position, diameter and relation with adjacent cardiac structures. All patients were divided into three groups based on their largest ASD diameters: 66 subjects with ASD diameter 5-14 mm (group A); 60 subjects with ASD diameter 15-20 mm (group B); and 65 subjects with ASD diameter 21-38 mm (group C). Atrial septal occluders (ASOs) were successfully deployed in 188 patients (98.4%) and ASD was successfully closed at 6-mo follow-up in 185 patients (96.9%). The difference between diameters of ASO and ASD (ASO-ASD) in groups A, B and C were 3.9 +/- 2.4 (0-7) mm, 5.0 +/- 2.6 (3-8) mm and 6.2 +/- 3.8 (5-11) mm, respectively. In group A, no complications occurred. In group B, only four patients had mild complications such as sinus bradycardia, transient hematuria and migraine, all of which disappeared after treatment. In group C, one patient developed ASO migration into the right atrium and two patients had their ASO migrated into the right ventricular outflow tract. Immediately after the closure, 60 (90.9%), 53 (88.3%) and 53 (82.8%) patients had complete ASD closure; 2, 4 and 6 patients had trivial residual shunts; 4, 3 and 2 patients had small residual shunts; and 0, 0 and 2 patients had moderate residual shunts in groups A, B and C, respectively. Most of the residual shunts were persistent at 6-mo follow-up. No embolism or death at procedure and 6-mo follow-up occurred. In conclusion, TTE is a reliable technique for measurement of ASD diameter, guidance of transcatheter ASD closure and evaluation of residual shunts. Transcatheter ASD closure guided by TTE is safe and effective, especially in patients with ASD 相似文献   

Completed atrioventricular block induced by atrial septal defect occluder unfolding: A case report

BACKGROUNDAn atrial septal defect is a common condition and accounts for 25% of adult congenital heart diseases. Transcatheter occlusion is a widely used technique for the treatment of secondary aperture-type atrial septal defects (ASDs).CASE SUMMARYA 30-year-old female patient was diagnosed with ASD by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) 1 year ago. The electrocardiogram showed a heart rate of 88 beats per minute, normal sinus rhythm, and no change in the ST-T wave. After admission, TTE showed an atrial septal defect with a left-to-right shunt, aortic root short-axis section with an ASD diameter of 8 mm, a parasternal four-chamber section with an ASD diameter of 9 mm, and subxiphoid biatrial section with a diameter of 13 mm. Percutaneous occlusion was proposed. The intraoperative TTE scan showed that the atrial septal defect was oval in shape, was located near the root of the aorta, and had a maximum diameter of 13 mm. A 10-F sheath was placed in the right femoral vein, and a 0.035° hard guidewire was used to establish the transport track between the left pulmonary vein and the inferior vena cava. A shape-memory alloy atrial septal occluder with a waist diameter of 20 mm was placed successfully and located correctly. TTE showed that the double disk unfolded well and that the clamping of the atrial septum was smooth. Immediately after the disc was revealed, electrocardiograph monitoring showed that the ST interval of the inferior leads was prolonged, the P waves and QRS waves were separated, a junctional escape rhythm maintained the heart rate, and the blood pressure began to decrease. After removing the occluder, the elevation in the ST segment returned to normal immediately, and the sinus rhythm returned to average approximately 10 min later. After consulting the patient’s family, we finally decided to withdraw from the operation.CONCLUSIONCompression of the small coronary artery, which provides an alternative blood supply to the atrioventricular nodule during the operation, leads to the emergence of a complete atrioventricular block.     

实时三维超声心动图在Ⅱ孔型房间隔缺损介入治疗中的应用

目的前瞻性观察实时三维经胸超声心动图(RT 3-D TTE)在Ⅱ孔型房间隔缺损(Ⅱ ASD)介入治疗中的应用价值.方法对13例Ⅱ ASD患者在介入治疗术中,同时行RT 3-D TTE和经食管超声心动图(TEE)全程监控导管走行、测量ASD直径、观察封堵伞位置,并对测量结果进行比较分析.结果 RT 3-D TTE和TEE对13例患者均可达到同样的影像辅助监测作用,在对ASD直径的测量中,球囊测量均值为(20.08±3.84)mm、TEE为(19.0±3.87)mm、RT 3-D TTE为(19.38±3.01)mm,三者间相比无显著性差异(P>0.05),但回归方程中发现RT 3-D TTE的估计标准误(SEE=1.65)较TEE的估计标准误(SEE=1.95)小.结论 RT 3-D TTE检查无创、无痛苦、图像直观,显示了较强的临床实用性,但其无法使用多普勒对残余分流情况进行评价.     

彩色多普勒超声心动图在房室间隔缺损封堵术中的应用价值

目的探讨经彩色多普勒超声心动图(color doppler echocardiography,CDE)在封堵器介入治疗先天性房间隔缺损(ASD)、室间隔缺损(VSD)中的临床应用价值。方法 9例ASD、12例VSD患者在CDE监测下行经心导管封堵术。结果6例SD、10例VSD封堵成功;3例ASD、2例VSD封堵失败。结论 CDE在筛选ASD及VSD封堵术病例、术中指导封堵器定位和释放、疗效评估和预后评价方面有不可替代的临床重要价值。