高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液对失血性休克大鼠脾脏NF-кB表达及凋亡的影响

目的:探讨高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液(HSH)对失血性休克大鼠脾脏NF-к B蛋白表达及凋亡的影响.方法:采用SD大鼠失血性休克模型,动物随机分为高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液组(HSH组n=18)、林格氏液组(RL组n=18)、假手术组(S组n=6),HSH组和RL组各分为3个亚组,分别于复苏后1,2,4h处死动物,用HE染色、透射电镜及TUEL法观察动物脾脏中淋巴细胞凋亡情况,同时使用免疫组化法测定脾脏中NF-к B蛋白的表达.结果:RL组1h点、HSH组各时间点凋亡指数(Al)与S组比较无明显差异(p＞0.05).RL组2h、4h点Al高于其余组(p＜0.05),HSH各时间点Al无明显差异(p＞0.05).RL组除1 h点外均明显高于HSH组(p＜0.05).S组、HSH组的NF-к B阳性细胞百分比均高于RL组(p＜0.05).结论:HSH复苏上调NF-KB蛋白表达,减少失血性休克导致的脾脏淋巴细胞的过度凋亡,对失血性休克后机体免疫功能起保护作用.     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液对失血性休克大鼠脾脏NF-κB表达及凋亡的影响

目的:探讨高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液(HSH)对失血性休克大鼠脾脏NF-κB蛋白表达及凋亡的影响。方法:采 用SD大鼠失血性休克模型,动物随机分为高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液组(HSH组n=18)、林格氏液组(RL组n=18)、 假手术组(S组n=6),HSH组和RL组各分为3个亚组,分别于复苏后1．2,4h处死动物,用HE染色,透射电镜及TUNEL 法观察动物脾脏中淋巴细胞凋亡情况,同时使用免疫组化法测定脾脏中NF-κB蛋白的表达。结果:RL组1h点、HSH组各 时间点凋亡指数(Al)与S组比较无明显差异(p>0．05)。RL组2h、4h点Al高于其余组(p<0．05)．HSH各时间点Al无明 显差异(p．>0.05)。RL组除1h点外均明显高于HSH组(p<0.05)。S组、HSH组的NF-κB阳性细胞百分比均高于RL组(p <0.05)。结论:HSH复苏上调NF-KB蛋白表达,减少失血性休克导致的脾脏淋巴细胞的过度凋亡,对失血性休克后机体免 疫功能起保护作用。     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液对失血性休克大鼠肠缺血-再灌注损伤中氧自由基的影响

目的:观察高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液(HSH)对失血性休克/内毒素二次打击大鼠复苏时是否能降低氧自由基的产生.方法:SD大鼠54只,采用失血性休克/内毒素二次打击模型.动物随机分为对照组(C组)、乳酸林格氏液复苏组(RL组)、高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液(HSH组).检测肠组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)含量;肠标本进行病理学检查.结果:休克复苏后1h,RL组与HSH组肠组织MDA含量均明显升高,SOD活力明显下降;复苏后2h,HSH组肠组织MDA含量开始下降,SOD活力升高,而RL组变化不明显;至复苏后4h,两组比较MDA和SOD相差显著(P＜0.05);病理学检查,HSH组肠组织较RL组损伤轻.结论:HSH可以降低机体氧自由基的产生,减轻肠组织缺血再灌注损伤.     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液对失血性休克大鼠小肠粘膜NF-kB影响的实验研究

为探讨高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液（Hypertonic Sodium chloride Hydroxyethyl starch 40 injection，HSH）对小肠粘膜核因子-Kappa B（NF-kB）的影响，以SD大鼠为实验对象．分别检测休克前．重度休克后以及以HSH和林格氏液复苏后不同时间点小肠粘膜NF-kB表达情况。结果显示失血后小肠粘膜内炎细胞浸润增加，并出现糜烂和溃疡．小肠粘膜内炎症细胞和腺细胞NFKB的表达明显增加，给予HSH复苏后，小肠粘膜形态明显改善．表达NF-kB的细胞恢复至休克前水平．给予林格氏液复苏组小肠粘膜损伤进一步加重，NF-kB的表达进一步增加。结论：失血性休克发生后，小肠组织中NF-kB的表达迅速增强．其表达程度与炎性细胞的浸润程度及损伤程度一致．RL复苏可增强肠道组织中NF-kB的表达。HSH能快速抑制肠道组织中NF-kB的表达。     

高渗盐复合液治疗急性颅内高压伴失血性休克犬的实验研究

[摘要] 目的 探讨高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液（简称高渗盐复合液,HSH）对急性颅内高压伴失血性休克犬的治疗作用机制 。 方法 20条犬随机分为4组,分别为林格氏液组(RL)和 HSH4 ,8 ,12 ml/kg 3个剂量组,每组5只,采用硬膜外球囊注水和动脉放血的方法复制急性颅内高压伴失血性休克模型,各组分别按上述分组顺序在休克1h后输入3倍失血量RL、4 ml/kg HSH（HSH4）、8 ml/kg HSH（HSH8）、12 ml/kg HSH（HSH12）,观测复苏后颅内压（ICP）,平均动脉压（MAP）,脑灌注压（CPP）的变化,并检测实验前,休克后,复苏后30 min、1 h、4 h的血钠（Na+）和血浆渗透压(OSM)水平. 结果 复苏前各组MAP,CPP,ICP无统计学差异（P＞0.05）; 与复苏前相比,复苏后各组均能显著提高MAP（P＜0.01）,且均能维持4 h;与复苏前相比,复苏后各组均能显著提高CPP（P＜0.01）, 4 h后RL组CPP明显低于HSH12组（P＜0.05）;与复苏前相比,复苏后RL组ICP显著上升（P＜0.01）, HSH3个剂量组显著降低ICP（P＜0.01）,2 h后HSH4组回升至复苏前水平,其它两组在4 h后仍接近最低值水平。 复苏后HSH3个剂量组血Na+浓度和血浆OSM比复苏前明显升高（P＜0.05）,升高幅度为HSH12>HSH8>HSH4,4 h后有所恢复。 结论 对于急性颅内高压伴失血性休克的犬模型,HSH能有效纠正休克和降低颅内压,且以4～8 ml/kg较合适。     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液对失血性休克大鼠肠缺血-再灌注损伤中L-选择素的表达和中性粒细胞浸润的影响

目的:观察高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液(HSH)对失血性休克/内毒素二次打击大鼠复苏时是否能抑制L-选择素的表达和减少肠组织中性粒细胞的浸润,从而减轻肠缺血-再灌注损伤.方法:SD大鼠54只,采用失血性休克/内毒素二次打击模型.动物随机分为对照组(C组)、乳酸林格氏液复苏组(RL组)、高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液(HSH组).比较中性粒细胞L-选择素的表达及肠组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性;肠标本进行病理学检查.结果:休克复苏后中性粒细胞L-选择素检测,各时相点HSH组明显低于RL组(P＜0.01);肠组织MPO活性测定,HSH组稍高于C组,无统计显著性,但HSH组明显低于RL组(P＜0.01);病理学检查,HSH组肠组织较RL组损伤轻.结论:HSH可以抑制中性粒细胞L-选择素的表达,从而降低肠组织中性粒细胞浸润,减轻肠组织缺血-再灌注损伤.     

高渗盐液经骨髓腔通路复苏失血性休克犬凝血功能的变化

目的探讨不同复苏液经骨髓腔通路复苏失血性休克犬对凝血功能的影响。方法建立犬失血性休克模型,从胫骨骨髓腔输注小剂量7.5%氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40溶液（HSH）、生理盐水（NS）两种复苏液,测定复苏各时间点凝血酶原时间（PT）,活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）。结果失血性休克后,实验组PT、APTT延长,与对照（sham）组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,实验组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;复苏后2 h,HSH组PT、APTT明显延长,与NS组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;复苏后48 h实验组PT、APTT降至正常,与sham组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,实验组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论经骨髓腔通路输注小剂量HSH复苏失血性休克,对凝血功能影响轻微,未出现严重的出血倾向,是一种安全、有效的复苏方案。     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40对猪脑外伤并失血性休克后脑灌注的影响

目的观察高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40（HSH40）对猪脑外伤并失血性休克后脑灌注的影响。方法 12只实验用小型猪在麻醉镇静、机械通气下,采用脑额叶气击伤、硬膜外球囊及股动脉放血的方法,建立脑外伤急性颅高压并失血性休克模型。建模后稳定1 h,将12只动物随机分入三组（n=4）,分别静脉输注等失血量的羟乙基淀粉200/0.5（HES组）、20%失血量的7.5%高渗氯化钠注射液（HS组）、35%失血量的HSH40注射液（HSH组）。观察建模前（T01）、建模后60 m in即复苏处理前（T0）、复苏处理后15 m in（T15）、30 m in（T30）、60 m in（T60）、120 m in（T120）、180 m in（T180）时平均动脉压（MAP）、颅内压（ICP）、脑灌注压（CPP）的变化;同时观察T01、T0、T15、T60、T120五个时点的血钠、血浆渗透压（OSM）、动静脉血氧含量差（Da-jvO2）、氧摄取率（OER）的变化。结果与复苏处理前（T0）比较,各组复苏处理后MAP均明显上升,HSH组上升速度最快;达峰后,HSH组和HES组MAP呈缓慢下降趋势;而HS组MAP则下降迅速。HSH组和HS组复苏处理后各时点ICP较T0均明显降低（P〈0.05）;复苏处理后,HES组各时点ICP均高于T0,除T15外的各时点ICP与T0比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。复苏处理后,各组CPP均迅速上升,达峰后下降,各时点CPP均明显高于T0（P〈0.05）;HSH组、HS组CPP的上升速度快于HES组;HSH组CPP在复苏处理后各时点均高于HES组（P〈0.05）,达峰后明显高于HS组（P〈0.05）。各组Da-jvO2和OER在T0时较T01时增大（P〈0.05）,复苏处理后各时点较T0时降低（P〈0.05）;HS组和HSH组的OER于T60降至T01水平（P〉0.05）,但HS组T120时的OER又高于T01（P〈0.05）。HSH组、HS组复苏处理后各时点的血Na＋浓度和OSM较T0均明显升高（P〈0.05）,峰值出现于T15。结论小剂量（约6.6 mL/kg）HSH40在有效纠正猪脑外伤合并失血性休克MAP的同时,可以降低升高的ICP,提升CPP,恢复性增加脑血流量,改善脑氧供需平衡。     

高渗高胶液对失血性休克大鼠细胞免疫功能的影响

目的研究高渗高胶液（HHS）复苏失血性休克大鼠对其细胞免疫功能的影响。方法SD大鼠24只,随机分为休克不复苏组（S组）、复方氯化钠复苏组（RL组）、高渗高胶液复苏组（HHS组）。流式细胞仪检测T细胞亚群,检测动物脾细胞在刀豆蛋白A刺激下T细胞的增殖和白细胞介素-2（IL-2）的分泌功能。结果HHS组脾细胞增殖率极显著高于RL组;HHS组脾细胞加丝裂原诱导后产生的IL-2的量极显著高于RL组;HHS组外周血T淋巴细胞亚群细胞分类CD3、CD4、CD4／CD8比RL组和S组显著升高（P〈0．05）。结论HHS能改善失血性休克机体的细胞免疫功能。     

高渗盐复合液对急性颅内高压伴失血性休克犬的治疗作用

目的 探讨高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液(HSH)对急性颅内高压伴失血性休克犬的治疗作用及机制.方法 20条犬随机分为4组,分别为7.5%氯化钠组(HS组)、林格氏液组(RL组)、羟乙基淀粉组(HES组)和HSH组,每组5只.采用硬膜外球囊注水和动脉放血的方法复制急性颅内高压伴失血性休克模型,各组分别在休克1 h后按上述分组顺序输入6ml/kgHS、3倍失血量RL、1倍失血量HES、8ml/kgHSH,观测复苏后颅内压(ICP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脑灌注压(CPP)的变化,并检测实验前和休克后,复苏后30min、1 h、4h的血钠(Na )和血浆渗透压(OSM)水平.结果 (1)复苏前各组MAP、CPP、ICP无统计学差异(P0.05).(2)与复苏前相比,复苏后各组均能显著提高MAP(P<0.01),各组间无统计学差异(P0.05),但HSH组反应速度最快,除HS组2 h后显著下降外(P<0.01),其余各组均能维持4 h.(3)与复苏前相比,复苏后各组均能显著提高CPP(P<0.01),2 h后HS组CPP显著下降(P<0.01),4 h后HSH组仍能维持较高CPP.(4)与复苏前相比,复苏后RL组与HES组的ICP显著上升(P<0.01),分别在1 h和3 h达到高峰,HS组和HSH组ICP显著降低(P<0.01),均在1 h内下降至最低值,两组降低ICP无统计学意义(P0.05),且均能维持4h.(5)复苏后HS组、HSH组血Na 浓度和血浆OSM较复苏前明显升高(P<0.05).结论 对于急性颅内高压伴失血性休克的犬模型,HSH能有效纠正休克和降低颅内压.且维持时间较HS长.     

肱骨远端全骺分离

肱骨远端全骺分离在5岁以下儿童中是较常见的肘部损伤,且极易误诊为肱骨髁上骨折或肘关节脱位。本组25例肱骨远端全骺分离均为向内侧移位,年龄11个月至14岁,平均5.6岁,属Salter-HarrisⅠ型或Ⅱ型。对本症骨骺损伤的解剖学和组织学,诸骨(和骨化中心)之间的对应关系以及骨骺损伤的诊治进行了简短的讨论。     

食指背侧皮瓣的临床应用

通过对右手虎口挛缩以及左拇指皮肤剥脱损伤各一例应用直指背侧皮瓣修复的成功经验,提出该手术的适应症和优点,并重点介绍其应用解剖学和手术方法。     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.     

Association of smoking,alcohol and NSAIDs use with expression of cag A and cag T genes of Helicobacter pylori in salivary samples of asymptomatic subjects

Objective

To determine the association of smoking, alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use with presence and virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a representative sample of a random adult population of asymptomatic subjects.

Methods

Non virulent 16S rRNA and virulent cag A and T genes from salivary samples of 854 asymptomatic subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The presence and absence of virulent and non virulent infection was statistically compared with consumption of smoking, alcohol and NSAIDs.

Results

The prevalence of infection in male and female subjects was found to be 69.25% and 66.90%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (31.22%), former (52.20%) and never (43.58%). The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (88.80%), former (57.14%) and never (33.33%). The prevalence of infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 82.75% and 21.16%, respectively. Virulence in male and female subjects was found to be 60.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The presence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (28.57%), former (40.15%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (79.32%), former (75.00%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 88.23% and 66.66%, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that smoking and NSAIDs consumption are aggravating factors for virulence of H. pylori and alcohol can inhibit H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects.     

大肠多发原发性癌:危险因素、诊治和预防(附8例报告)

综述分析1954～84年国内外文献,探讨了大肠多发原发性癌的诊断标准、发病情况、临床表现、发病危险因素、外科处理以及预防和诊断检测技术等问题,强调了大肠腺瘤,遗传基础、免疫缺陷、慢性溃疡性结肠炎等在发病上的作用,及高危险组患者应按方案进行常规检测监护之重要性。述介了大肠多发原发性癌系一种原发性大肠癌多中心发生的形式,在诊治上前者与后者有一致性,亦各有其独特性。报告宁夏医学院附属医院肿瘤科1977～84年收治的8例住院大肠多发原发性癌病例的临床资料,对诊治经过进行了初步总结。     

具有抗细菌黏附和杀菌双重功能的(HA/CHI-Van)5涂层的制备

目的：研究开发一种涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构的骨科内植入物以用于预防骨内植入物感染。方法：将透明质酸（HA）和壳聚糖-万古霉素（CHI-Van）溶液进行层层自组装,制备得到(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构;通过zeta电位检测组装过程,通过活细菌染色实验评价多层膜的抗细菌黏附效果,通过越狱实验和FE-SEM实验检测体外抗菌效果。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、(HA/CHI-Van)5组和假手术组,并以X线、Micro-CT、骨组织切片等方法检测该材料的体内动物实验效果。结果：每次组装不同的单层,zeta电位交替变化,证明多层膜组装成功。活细菌染色实验显示多层膜结构中的CHI具有一定的抗细菌黏附作用。越狱实验和FE-SEM实验证明(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构在体外具有良好的抗菌作用。在体外实验中,(HA/CHI-Van)5组的X线评分为0.7,而空白组的评分为12.3,(HA/CHI-Van)5组在骨密度、骨小梁数量、骨体积分数、骨组织切片方面均优于空白组（均P＜0.05）,且非常接近假手术组（均P＞0.05）。结论：通过在骨科内植入物表面涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构能够获得一定的抗细菌黏附功能和良好的抗菌作用,可以预防骨内植入物感染。     

Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni in schoolchildren in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet,Southern Ethiopia

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel (PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 school children in Shesha Kekele Elementary School, Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia, in April 2010. Stool specimens were examined using a single Kato-Katz thick smear for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) ova. Children who were found positive for S. mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ at 40 mg/kg bw and interviewed for treatment-related symptoms 24 hours after drug administration. Four weeks post-treatment, stool specimens were collected from the same children and examined following the same procedure as in the pre-treatment. Drug efficacy was determined based on cure and egg reduction rates.

Results

Pre-treatment prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 74.9% with geometric mean egg count of 268. The evaluated generic PZQ produced an overall cure rate of 73.6% (P<0.000 1, OR: 8.33, CI: 5.3–13.1) and egg reduction rate of 68.2% (P=0.03, F=0.64). The cure rate showed significant association with age (χ²=11, P=0.004), the highest rate being observed in the 15–22 age group. 83% of S. mansoni infected children showed various treatment-related symptoms, the most frequent being headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms were associated with age (P<0.001) and pre-treatment intensity of infection (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The present observations revealed relatively lower cure and egg reduction rates of the PZQ evaluated as compared to previous reports for other PZQ brands in Ethiopia. Hence, in depth studies are recommended to clarify whether the present relatively lower cure rate is the actual cure rate of the praziquantel evaluated, treatment failure, or reduced susceptibility of the parasite. Treatment-related side effects observed were transient and tolerable.     

NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体制备及其表征研究

目的:制备具有肿瘤血管靶向的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,并对其进行表征研究。方法：采用薄膜分散法制备NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,,并对其进行表征研究,并测定包封率。结果：制备得到的NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs平均粒径为(271.43±9.23)nm,Zeta电位为-(36.20±0.20)mv,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.15±0.03),理化性质相对稳定;NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs包封率为8.41%;电镜下显示NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs呈类圆形,大小分布均匀,无明显聚集。结论：采用薄膜分散法制备的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体具有较高的稳定性,从而为体内药效学研究奠定基础。     

Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch by extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus

Objective

To evaluate the acaricidal activity of extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus against Tetranychus urticae (T. urticae) Koch.

Methods

Extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 4.0%) were used to control T. urticae Koch.

Results

The results showed that chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) represented the most potent efficient acaricidal agent against Tetranychus followed by marjoram (Marjorana hortensis) and Eucalyptus. The LC₅₀ values of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus for adults were 0.65, 1.84 and 2.18, respectively and for eggs 1.17, 6.26 and 7.33, respectively. Activities of enzymes including glutathione-S-transferase, esterase (α-esterase and β-esterase) and alkaline phosphatase in susceptible mites were determined and activities of enzymes involved in the resistance of acaricides were proved. Protease enzyme was significantly decreased at LC₅₀ of both chamomile and marjoram compared with positive control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) proved that the major compositions of Chamomilla recutita are α-bisabolol oxide A (35.251%), and trans-β-farersene (7.758%), while the main components of Marjorana hortensis are terpinene-4-ol (23.860%), p-cymene (23.404%) and sabinene (10.904%).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus possess acaricidal activity against T. urticae.