Graduate medical education in the United States

The annual surveys of residency programs on which this statistical report is based have had a 95% or higher rate of response for the past five years. The number of accredited programs increased in 1986, primarily as a result of the accreditation of subspecialty programs in internal medicine. The largest number of programs is found in general internal medicine, followed by family practice, general surgery, and obstetrics/gynecology. More than one fifth of the programs are located in the Middle Atlantic region of the United States, with the largest number in the state of New York. The number of positions offered by accredited programs has increased as a result of the increase in the number of specialties with accredited programs. The number of GY-1 positions projected in the fall to be offered the following July has not increased significantly over the past three years. The reader is cautioned that the "number of positions offered" is affected by many factors and is subject to frequent change throughout the year. The number of residents on duty in ACGME-accredited programs increased in 1986 as a result of the increase in number of programs. However, the number of GY-1 residents on duty has decreased by 7% since 1984. This decrease is largely accounted for by the number of FMGs in GY-1 positions, a 21% decrease since 1984. This is especially evident in number of US citizen FMGs in GY-1 positions, a 38% decrease in the same time period. The specific factors that have caused the decrease in number of GY-1 FMG residents are not known at this time. One explanation might be a hesitation on the part of program directors to appoint new FMGs. Another factor could be the lower pass rate of US citizen FMGs on the FMGEMS, one qualification for appointment to an ACGME-accredited program. The number and percentage of women in residency programs continues to increase as it has over the past several years. For example, in 1977 women accounted for only 15% of residents; in 1986 they were 27% of residents on duty. Although female residents are found in nearly all disciplines, two thirds of them are training in family practice, internal medicine, obstetrics/gynecology, pediatrics, or psychiatry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Graduate medical education in the United States

The annual surveys of residency programs on which this report is based have had a higher than 90% response rate for the 5 years previous to 1989. Because of a change to the new electronic data collection system in 1989, the response rate decreased to 78.3%. To adjust for the lower response rate, a regression model computed from data from previous years was developed that permitted projected estimates for 1989 data. These numbers are included in several key tables. The number of GY-1 positions seems to have decreased for 1990, although this may be an artifact of the response rate. Reported unfilled positions, including GY-1 unfilled positions, have increased each year since 1985. The number of new-entry residents (GY-1) seems to be leveling out after decreasing since 1985. Because of the lower response rate, it is difficult to determine the trend in the total number of residents on duty. While the observed number of residents is lower than in 1988, statistical projections indicate an increase of 5% over the 1988 count. Thirty-nine percent of residents were training in family practice, internal medicine, or pediatrics. The number and percent of women in residency programs has remained relatively stable despite a steady increase in the number of women graduating from US medical schools. The percentage of FMG residents has continued to decrease. The percentage of black non-Hispanic residents remains steady. The number of graduates of osteopathic medical schools in ACGME programs has increased 17% since 1987. The number of institutions involved in graduate medical education has not changed significantly during the past 3 years.     

Graduate medical education in the United States

1. The annual surveys of residency programs on which this report is based have had a response rate higher than 90% for the past five years. 2. The count of available residency positions is a fluid entity and seems to be dependent on many factors, including funding and the number of qualified candidates seen by program directors. 3. The number of GY-1 positions has not changed significantly over the past three years. The number of reported unfilled positions, including GY-1 unfilled positions, has increased each year since 1985. The total number of residents on duty decreased in 1985 but increased in 1986 and in 1987. This increase is due mainly to the number of residents on duty in the new internal medicine and pediatric subspecialty programs. 4. The number of new-entry (GY-1) residents decreased in 1985, 1986, and 1987. 5. Thirty-nine percent of residents were training in family practice, internal medicine, or pediatrics. 6. The number and percentage of women in residency programs continue to increase, as they have for the past several years. 7. The percentage of foreign medical graduate residents decreased slightly to 15.6% in 1987. 8. The number of black non-Hispanic residents increased in 1987, although the percentage of black residents remained about the same. 9. The number of graduates of osteopathic medical schools in ACGME programs has increased 59% since 1985. 10. The number of institutions involved in graduate medical education has not changed significantly over the past three years, although the number of institutions that are not hospitals has increased since 1983. Ninety percent of all types of institutions have some type of affiliation with a US medical school.     

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Selected characteristics of graduate medical education in the United States

For the second year, the Department of Data Systems in the Medical Education Group of the American Medical Association gathered information on graduate medical education primarily by means of an electronic data collection system. Eighty-eight percent of 6622 programs surveyed responded, with 83% reporting detailed information on residents. Analysis of graduate medical education data shows that the number of residents increased by 34.9% from the academic years 1980-1981 to 1990-1991, while the number of graduate year 1 residents decreased by 2%. In the same decade, the proportion of women residents increased by 7.1%. The number of minorities in graduate medical education has grown, but their proportions within the total resident population have remained largely unchanged. The number of graduates from schools of osteopathic medicine has increased by 265% over the same 10-year period. Between 1989 and 1990, a 31.6% increase was recorded in the number of international medical graduates in graduate year 1 residency positions; most of this increase (63.4%) occurred among noncitizens of the United States.