带尺侧下副动脉尺神经松解前置术治疗肘管综合征

目的 总结带尺侧下副动脉尺神经松解前置术治疗肘管综合征的手术方法及临床效果.方法 2005年9月-2006年5月,采用保留尺侧下副动脉在尺神经上的吻合支,行带血供尺神经松解前置术治疗25例肘管综合征.男19例,女6例:年龄20～72岁,平均60岁.发病至手术时间2个月～3年,平均6.7个月.发病原因:骨性关节炎23例,肘管内囊肿及尺神经滑脱各1例.术前按Pasque肘管综合征评分系统评定:可19例,差6例.电生理检查:肘关节周围尺神经运动神经传导速度<42 m/s.结果 术后切口均1期愈合,无手术并发症及复发患者.25例术后均获随访,随访时间1年～2年半,平均13.9个月.按Pasque肘管综合征评分系统评定:优15例,良9例,可1例,优良率96%;与术前评定结果比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).电生理检查;肘关节周围尺神经运动神经传导速度>42m/s.结论 带尺侧下副动脉尺神经松解前置术是治疗肘管综合征的安全有效方法之一.     

肘管占位致尺神经卡压10例

目的回顾分析肘管综合征尺神经卡压原因及治疗效果。方法患侧肘管手术切开,探查切除肘管内赘生物,尺神经松解,尺神经前置。结果 10例尺神经卡压,肘管内均见囊肿生长,大小不等,尺神经有明显压迹,部分神经干变性。结论肘管内囊肿是导致肘管容积变小、尺神经卡压的直接原因,术后随访6～8个月,尺神经松解效果满意。     

肘管综合征手术方法的改进

目的介绍尺神经沟加深开大的方法—肘管成形术治疗肘管综合征的经验,并对本方法治疗结果进行评估。方法对28例肘管综合征行自尺神经沟的外侧缘完整剥离骨膜掀向内侧,加深开大尺神经沟后骨蜡止血,骨膜复原,尺神经移回原处。结果术后随访6个月～4年(平均26﹒8个月),术后感觉就有所恢复,2个月感觉恢复正常,手指运动得到改善,术后半年爪形手消失,无一例复发或无恢复。结论肘管综合征通过加深开大尺神经沟有效的解除了尺神经卡压,避免了以往尺神经前移造成的粘连及第2次卡压的出现。     

肘管综合征的手术治疗

目的探讨尺神经肌间前置术治疗肘管综合征的疗效。方法对肘管综合征13例行尺神经肌间前置术后,观察前臂尺侧皮肤及环小指感觉、运动恢复情况。结果 13例获得随访3个月~2年,疗效评定结果:优8例,良4例,差1例。结论采用尺神经肌间前置术治疗肘管综合征效果满意,值得推广应用。     

超声检查在肘管综合征诊治中的应用

目的探讨超声检查在诊断和治疗肘管综合征中的临床意义。方法对34例临床及肌电图检测确诊为肘管综合征的患者，分轻、中、重度三期，应用B超进行检测，与30例（60侧）健康人肘管B超检查结果进行对比研究；同时将B超发现的形态学异常表现与术中所见进行对比研究。结果B超检查显示肘管综合征患者尺神经横截面积，尺神经厚度，尺神经横截面积肿胀率，尺神经厚度肿胀率平均值均大于对照组；随着临床症状逐渐加重，尺神经横截面积肿胀率增大，而尺神经肘段运动传导速度减慢。同时B超发现的形态学异常表现，与术中所见一致。结论B超检查对肘管综合征的诊断、尺神经病变程度的分期，以及治疗方式的选择均有参考价值，为临床提供了一种简单、可靠、无创的检测方法。     

肘管扩大成形术治疗肘关节炎性肘管综合征

[目的]对于肘关节炎性病变引起继发性尺神经卡压,减少尺神经前移引起的尺神经分支损伤、血运破坏等并发症,恢复和保持肘管内尺神经的解剖位置。[方法]肘关节骨性关节炎引起肘管综合征中重度患者26例,采用肘管扩大成形术治疗肘管综合征。[结果]根据患者临床症状中度患者12例,重度患者14例。术后随访26例患者临床症状均明显改善,其中效果显著20例,有效5例,无效1例,满意率为76.92%。[结论]肘管扩大成形术能有效治疗肘关节炎性肘管综合征,且对中重度患者均有良好效果。     

神经电生理检查对神经根型颈椎病与肘管综合征的鉴别诊断价值

目的：探讨神经电生理检查对神经根型颈椎病与肘管综合征的鉴别诊断价值。方法：对14例以手部内在肌萎缩为主要临床表现的患者进行双上肢体感诱发电位（somatosensory evoked potential，SEP）、双侧正中神经和尺神经传导速度（nerve conduction velocity，NCV）、双侧第一背侧骨间肌和尺侧腕屈肌肌电罔（electromyogram，EMG）检查。结果：3例以尺神经肘上-肘下段传导速度减慢大于10m／s及第一背侧骨间肌神经源性损害为主，诊断为肘管综合征；4例以SEP颈髓至外周电位（N9-N13）峰间潜伏期延长和尺侧腕屈肌、第一背侧骨间肌神经源性损害为主，诊断为神经根型颈椎病；7例为尺侧腕屈肌及第一背侧骨间肌神经源性损害、尺神经肘上-肘下段传导速度减慢大于10m／s、SEPN9-N13峰间潜伏期延长，诊断为二者合并存在。手术治疗10例，术中所见均与神经电生理检查结果相符。结论：神经电生理检查在神经根型颈椎病与肘管综合征的鉴别诊断中具有重要提示意义。     

肘管综合征的手术治疗

目的　探讨尺神经松解前移手术治疗肘管综合征的临床效果。方法　应用此术式治疗 2 7例肘管综合征。结果　经随访 ,本组病例尺神经功能均有较大改善。结论　尺神经松解前移术为治疗肘管综合征较佳术式。     

肘管综合征的解剖和病因学探讨

[目的]探讨肘管综合征的解剖特点和发病原因。[方法]对65例肘管综合征患者的临床资料和术中所见,以及其中25例患者术前肌电图检查的结果进行综合研究分析。[结果]术中见60例患者存在肘管弓状韧带的肥厚增生,卡压磨损尺神经导致炎性病变;术前肌电图检查发现25例患者的尺神经传导速度均减慢,平均传导速度为27.97m/s;运动反应波幅降低,平均电压为1.95mv;潜伏期延长,平均时间为5.41ms;65例肘管综合征患者,继发于肘部创伤25例,慢性劳损15例,慢性骨关节炎14例,占位病变5例,先天异常有6例。[结论]肘部的创伤及慢性劳损可以导致肘管弓状韧带出现肥厚增生,引起尺神经卡压磨损,这是肘管综合征最常见的病因;其他病因还包括慢性骨关节炎,占位病变和先天异常;尺神经可被机械性卡压和磨损,出现慢性缺血缺氧,导致肘管综合征的发生;详细的体格检查和术前的肌电图检查是诊断肘管综合征的主要手段,在诊断时应注意该病与其他部位迟发性尺神经麻痹的鉴别。     

带伴行动脉尺神经前置治疗肘管综合征

目的 探讨带伴行动脉尺神经松解前置术治疗肘管综合征的临床效果.方法 对28例肘管综合征患者,施行带伴行动脉尺神经前置术.术中观察肘管段尺神经的血供方式,术后观察其疗效.结果 术后随访时间平均为8.9个月,按肘管综合征评分系统评定:优17例,良10例,可1例,差0例;优良率为96%.术后无并发症及复发病例.结论 带伴行动脉尺神经松解前置术是治疗肘管综合征的一种安全有效的方法.     

The cubital tunnel syndrome caused by the two synovial cysts

The cubital tunnel syndrome caused by several synovial cysts has been rarely reported. In our case, a 63-year-old man had sensorial and motor complaints at the ring and little fingers of the right hand. The claw deformity and the atrophy of the hypothenar and interosseous muscles in the right hand were discovered on physical examination. Froment's sign was positive. Electromyography showed prolonged distal latencies and slowed conduction for ulnar nerve. A small spherical cyst within the cubital tunnel and another spindle-shaped cyst at the distal to the cubital tunnel were found to compress and wrap the ulnar and its branches intra-operatively. Finally, the cysts were removed and the ulnar nerve was decompressed and performed its anterior transposition. Synovial cysts were confirmed by histopathological examination.     

肌电图辅助定位小切口尺神经松解术治疗肘管综合征

目的 评价肌电图辅助定位小切口尺神经松解术治疗肘管综合征的疗效及手术适应证.方法 选取无明显手内在肌萎缩及肘关节畸形,具有典型临床症状和体征的肘管综合征患者12例,术前通过神经短节段传导(short-segment nerve conduction test,SSCT)检测的方法,以相邻两次动作电位波幅下降＞50%或潜伏期差＞0.5ms为定位标准,对上述患者进行卡压点定位,采用小切口局部尺神经松解术式,并观察卡压点术中与术前定位比较.结果 术中观测结果证明尺神经损害部位位于肱骨内上髁上方3 cm到肱骨内上髁下方1cm之间,与术前SSCT法检测卡压部位相符.12例术后均主诉手部有明显轻松感;术后3个月感觉异常全部恢复,刺痛觉及爪形指恢复,捏力和抓握力恢复;术后6个月时小指展肌肌力已完全恢复至正常,两点分辨觉平均为5.0 mm,神经传导速度(NCV)均＞45.0 m/s,波幅开始增加,SSCT无阳性发现;术后1年肌肉萎缩基本恢复,屈肘试验、肘部Tinel征、夹纸试验阴性,7例肌电图无阳性发现,1例NCV仍低于正常标准,但无临床症状及体征.术中观察神经卡压位置与术前肌电图定位相符.结论 肌电图辅助定位小切口尺神经松解术治疗肘管综合征是一种有效的方法.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of in situ ulnar nerve decompression at the cubital tunnel via a small incision assisted with electromyography localization and discuss the surgical indications.Methods Twelve patients who were diagnosed with idiopathic cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) without intrinsic muscle atrophy and elbow deformity were involved in the study.Before the operation, short-segment nerve conduction test (SSCT) was carried out.The exact compression site was determined by the ＞ 50%reduction in amplitude or ＞ 0.5 ms lengthening in latency of action potentials recorded upon stimulation of the ulnar nerve around the elbow at 1 cm intervals.An in situ ulnar nerve release at the compression site was performed.Compression of the ulnar nerve was observed and documented to verify the accuracy of pre-operative SSCT localization.Results Intraoperative findings confirmed that lesions were located from 3 cm above to 1 cm below the medial epicondyle, which coincided with the compression sites determined by SSCT.All the patients reported alleviation of hand discomfort postoperatively.Follow-up at 3 months postoperatively showed that paresthesia in the distribution of the ulnar nerve in the hand disappeared.Pinprick sensation recovered.There was no subjective or measurable weakness in pinch or grip strength and no clumsiness or loss of coordination.Claw deformity disappeared.Six months after the surgery, the strength of abductor digiti minimi returned to normal.Two-point discrimination of the little finger was 5.0 mm on average.Nerve conduction velocity returned to ＞ 45.0 m/s.Action potential amplitude increased and SSCT yielded no positive findings.Mild atrophy was reversed one year postoperatively.Elbow flexion test, Tinel' s sign and Froment' s test were all negative.Conclusion In situ ulnar nerve decompression via a small incision assisted with electromyography localization is a suitable procedure for certain CuTS cases.     

Outcomes of cubital tunnel surgery among patients with absent sensory nerve conduction

OBJECTIVE: To report the outcomes of cubital tunnel surgery for patients with absent ulnar sensory nerve conduction. METHODS: The charts of 34 patients who exhibited clinical symptoms of ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow and who had electromyography-confirmed prolonged motor nerve conduction across the cubital tunnel in association with absent sensory nerve conduction were reviewed. The mean age was 63 years, and the mean symptom duration was 17 months. Four patients had bilateral symptoms. Surgery was performed for 38 limbs, i.e., neurolysis for 21 limbs and subcutaneous transposition for 17 limbs. Fifteen limbs demonstrated associated ulnar nerve-related motor weakness. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 4 years (range, 3 mo to 11 yr). RESULTS: Sensory symptoms (i.e., pain, paresthesia, and two-point discrimination) improved in 20 limbs (53%), and muscle strength improved in 2 limbs (13%). Improvements in sensory symptoms were not related to patient age, symptom duration, cause, severity of prolonged motor nerve conduction, select psychological factors, associated medical diseases, associated cervical pathological conditions, or type of surgery. Improvements in sensory symptoms were significantly decreased among patients who had experienced cervical disease for more than 1 year and patients with bilateral symptoms. CONCLUSION: Patients with cubital tunnel syndrome who have absent sensory nerve conduction seem to experience less improvement of sensory symptoms after surgery, compared with all patients with cubital tunnel syndrome described in the literature. Bilateral symptoms and delayed surgery secondary to associated cervical spine disease seem to be significant negative factors for postoperative improvement of sensory symptoms. Sensory symptoms improved similarly among patients who underwent neurolysis or subcutaneous transposition     

对冲阻滞神经电生理技术在诊断肘管综合征中的应用

目的 探讨对冲阻滞神经电生理技术在早期肘管综合征中的应用价值.方法 对30例有典型临床症状疑诊为肘管综合征的患者,分别采用常规神经电生理方法和对冲阻滞电生理技术检测肘段运动传导速度(为正常值下限),并对运动传导速度进行比较.结果 应用常规检测法检测30例肘段尺神经运动传导速度(MNCV)平均为(45.20±4.20)m/s,均在正常值下限;而对冲阻滞神经电生理技术检测的尺神经运动传导速度平均为(35.12±3.01)m/s,均明显低于正常值,且波幅均降低.结论 对冲阻滞神经电生理技术能对冲肘上正中神经的兴奋,只记录到尺神经复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP),能更准确更早地反映肘段尺神经的MNCV,提高诊断率.     

肘管综合征的手术治疗

目的：探讨尺神经松解前移手术治疗肘管综合征的临床效果。方法：工治疗肝管综合征26例，观察尺侧上副供血情况。结果：经随访，本组病例尺神经功能有较大改善。结论：尺神经松解前移术为治疗肘管综合征的较佳术式。     

Intraoperative measurement of pressure adjacent to the ulnar nerve in patients with cubital tunnel syndrome

PURPOSE: Little is known about whether the pressure adjacent to the ulnar nerve actually is increased in patients with cubital tunnel syndrome or if it is a causative factor. We measured the pressure adjacent to the ulnar nerve in patients with cubital tunnel syndrome during surgery and verified whether or not there was an association with patient age, duration of the disease, motor nerve conduction velocity, and severity of the ulnar nerve neuropathy. METHODS: Eight elbows in 8 patients with an average age of 62 years were treated surgically and the extraneural pressures within the cubital tunnel were measured during surgery by using a fiberoptic microtransducer. Pressure was measured 3 times with the elbow fully extended and then 3 times with the elbow flexed 130 degrees. The transducers were placed at 1, 2, and 3 cm distal to the proximal edge of the Osborne ligament. The severity of the neuropathy was evaluated according to Akahori's classification. The ulnar nerve palsy was graded as stage III in 5 patients and as stage IV in 3 patients. RESULTS: The average pressures within the cubital tunnel at 1, 2, and 3 cm distal to the proximal edge of the cubital tunnel retinaculum with the elbow flexed were 105, 29, and 18 mm Hg, respectively. The pressures at 1 and 2 cm distal to the proximal edge of the cubital tunnel retinaculum were significantly higher in elbow flexion than in elbow extension. There was also a positive correlation between the pressure and patient age but this was not significant The pressures correlated significantly with the stage of ulnar nerve neuropathy, motor nerve conduction velocity, and disease duration. CONCLUSIONS: The extraneural pressure within the cubital tunnel actually was increased in the patients and compression of the ulnar nerve might be a causative factor of cubital tunnel syndrome.     

Intermediate and long-term outcomes following simple decompression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow

INTRODUCTION: There is currently little consensus regarding the appropriate surgical approach to treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome (CubTS), and few studies have reported long-term follow-up of patients who have received surgical treatment for ulnar nerve compression at the elbow. METHOD: Seventy-four patients with a total of 102 cases of CubTS treated with simple decompression of the ulnar nerve were examined 1.0-12.4 years postoperatively. Ulnar nerve conduction studies (slowest conducting 5 cm segment of ulnar nerve motor fibers measured at the elbow) were performed both pre- and postoperatively. The primary clinical outcome was percentage relief of symptoms, divided into "excellent" outcome group or less (> or = 90% improvement or < 90% improvement). RESULTS: Ulnar nerve conduction improved pre- to postoperatively, but clinical improvement was not related to changes in velocity. Women reported greater clinical improvement than men, and weight gain in men (but not women) predicted less improvement. Relief of cubital tunnel symptoms was greatest for those arms receiving carpal tunnel release surgery simultaneous or subsequent to cubital tunnel release. DISCUSSION: Simple decompression may offer excellent intermediate and long-term relief of symptoms associated with CubTS. Although improvement in ulnar motor nerve conduction velocity occurs following treatment of CubTS, it may not be a consistent marker of perceived symptom relief. Finally, these findings suggest that less complete relief of symptoms following ulnar nerve decompression may be related to unrecognized carpal tunnel syndrome or weight gain.