骨形成蛋白-7对多孔钽／软骨细胞复合物分泌功能以及 Col-Ⅱ、AGG 和 Sox9基因表达的影响

目的：研究人重组骨形成蛋白-7（bone morphogenetic protein-7,BMP-7）对国产多孔钽／软骨细胞复合物中软骨细胞分泌功能以及Ⅱ型胶原（ typeⅡcollagen,Col-Ⅱ）、蛋白聚糖（ aggrecan,AGG）和SRY相关高迁移率组基因9（SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9,Sox9）mRNA表达的影响。方法：3周龄新西兰幼兔,取双膝关节软骨细胞分离培养及鉴定,将生长状态良好的第2代细胞以1×106／mL浓度接种于多孔钽并给予不同浓度BMP-7,分为对照组（多孔钽／软骨细胞组）、50μg／L BMP-7／多孔钽／软骨细胞组、100μg／L BMP-7／多孔钽／软骨细胞组及200μg／L BMP-7／多孔钽／软骨细胞组。 CCK-8法检测不同浓度BMP-7对多孔钽／软骨细胞生长及增殖的影响,扫描电镜观察各组软骨细胞在多孔钽表面及内部生长情况,二甲基亚甲蓝（ dimethyl methylene blue,DMMB）比色定量法对BMP-7／多孔钽／软骨细胞复合物糖胺多糖（ glycosaminoglycan,GAG）进行定量检测,实时荧光定量PCR检测Col-Ⅱ、AGG和Sox9 mRNA的表达。结果：原代软骨细胞培养24 h后呈梭形生长,4 d后细胞呈多角形,胞浆丰富。阿辛蓝（ alcian blue）、番红O（ safranin O）、Col-Ⅱ免疫细胞化学染色均呈阳性反应。 CCK-8法细胞增殖检测结果显示,100μg／L BMP-7／多孔钽／软骨细胞组细胞增殖水平高于其他各组（ P＜0．05）。扫描电镜示各组软骨细胞在多孔钽表面生长状态良好,细胞有多个突起、伸展、叠层生长并覆盖于多孔钽表面。 GAG定量检测显示,100μg／L BMP-7／多孔钽／软骨细胞组GAG含量比其他各组均明显升高（ P＜0．05）;实时荧光定量PCR检测显示,各实验组Col-Ⅱ、AGG和Sox9 mRNA表达量均高于对照组,以200μg／L BMP-7／多孔钽／软骨细胞组升高最为明显（ P＜0．05）。结论：BMP-7／多孔钽／软骨细胞复合体能促进体外软骨细胞增殖及细胞外基质的分泌,促进软骨基因的表达。     

软骨形态发生蛋白1诱导真皮成纤维细胞表达软骨细胞表型的实验研究

目的应用软骨形态发生蛋白(CDMP)生长因子,体外诱导真皮成纤维细胞向成软骨细胞表型分化,探讨其作为组织工程化软骨种子细胞的可行性.方法取包皮环切术后丢弃真皮组织共3例,成纤维细胞体外培养扩增至第二代,以1×104/cm2密度接种,12 h后加入细胞诱导液(10%胎牛血清F-12培养液,CDMP1终浓度为100 ng/ml)单层培养,未加的成纤维细胞培养用CDMP1为对照.诱导7 d后观察细胞形态变化,Image Plus图像分析软件计算细胞长宽比例.激光共聚焦显微镜分别观察诱导前后细胞内Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型胶原表达及分布,Western印迹检测诱导前后细胞Ⅱ型胶原蛋白表达.反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测诱导后成软骨相关的Sox9、聚集蛋白聚糖与Ⅱ、Ⅸ型胶原mRNA表达;同时检测与成骨相关的X型胶原、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)mRNA表达.培养第二代细胞以2×107个细胞/ml细胞密度进行离心管法培养,诱导14 d后行阿辛蓝与Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色.结果诱导后可见单层培养的成纤维细胞形态由长梭形向软骨细胞样多角形转变,Image Plus图像分析软件计算细胞诱导后的长宽比例为(1.40±0.15),较诱导前(7.40±1.30)差异有显著意义(P＜0.05);与正常软骨细胞(1.29±0.24)差异无显著意义.免疫荧光激光共聚焦观察发现诱导后细胞内出现Ⅱ型胶原表达,Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原表达呈阳性.RT-PCR检测成软骨相关的Sox9,聚集蛋白聚糖,Ⅱ、Ⅸ型胶原mRNA表达阳性;X型胶原、AKP未检测到mRNA阳性表达.Western印迹检测细胞诱导后Ⅱ型胶原蛋白表达阳性.离心管培养诱导7 d后阿辛蓝染色示糖胺聚糖(GAG)均匀分布于基质中,免疫组化染色示基质中Ⅱ型胶原表达阳性.结论第二代成人真皮成纤维细胞在CDMP1生长因子诱导下可向成软骨细胞表型分化,并能分泌软骨细胞特异性基质,有望成为软骨组织工程新的种子细胞来源.     

黄芪甲苷对人膝骨关节炎退变关节软骨IL-1β表达的影响

目的 研究黄芪甲苷对人膝骨关节炎退变关节软骨IL-1β表达的影响.方法 取膝骨关节炎患者手术后的退变膝关节软骨,进行细胞培养,将培养的软骨细胞分离传代后,取第三代细胞,通过HE、Ⅱ型胶原免疫荧光染色进行软骨细胞鉴定,并进行IL-1 β免疫荧光染色.观察软骨细胞退变情况后分为6组(A组:软骨细胞+DMEM对照组;B组:软骨细胞+25 mmol/ L黄芪甲苷;C组:软骨细胞+50 mmol/L黄芪甲苷;D组:软骨细胞+75 mmol/L黄芪甲苷;E组:软骨细胞+100 mmol/L黄芪甲苷;F组:软骨细胞+500 mmol/L黄芪甲苷),取4、8、24、48、72 h采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)检测各组退变软骨细胞内IL-1βmRNA的表达情况.结果 ①形态观察.原代细胞中梭形细胞和多角形细胞并存,细胞核偏于细胞的一侧而贴近细胞膜,细胞纤丝较长.HE染色细胞质为红色,胞膜呈蓝色;甲苯胺蓝染色细胞质和胞膜均呈深蓝色;Ⅱ型胶原染色阳性为绿色荧光,细胞核采用4’,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚复染,在不同波段荧光激发下,胞浆和胞膜可见清晰绿色荧光,细胞核区域未见明显绿色荧光,证明培养细胞表达特征性基因Ⅱ型胶原,主要分布在胞浆和细胞膜上,证明所培养的细胞为软骨细胞.IL-1 β免疫荧光染色可见清晰绿色荧光,软骨细胞以多角形多见.②IL-1 βmRNA表达.不同时间点间软骨细胞IL-1βmRNA表达水平有差异(F=13.236,P＜0.01);不同组间软骨细胞IL-1βmRNA表达水平有差异(F=98.762,P＜0.01),A组高于B组、C组、D组、E组(P＜0.05～0.01),F组高于A组、B组、C组、D组、E组(P＜0.05～0.01);时间因素和组间因素存在交互效应(F=7.262,P＜0.01).结论 一定浓度的黄芪甲苷能通过抑制退变软骨细胞合成IL-1 β,延缓软骨细胞退变;浓度过高则会促进退变软骨细胞合成IL-1 β,加速软骨细胞退变.     

bFGF、IGF-Ⅰ对兔关节软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原表达的影响

目的：研究碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（basic fibroblast growth factor，bFGF）、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ（insuline-like growth factor-Ⅰ，IGF-Ⅰ）单独及联合应用对体外培养多次传代的兔关节软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原表达的影响。探讨传代多次的软骨细胞作为软骨组织工程种子细胞的可行性。方法：第3、5、7代体外培养的兔关节软骨细胞，以常规培养组作为对照组，bFGF（5ns／m1）或和IGF-Ⅰ（100ng/ml）单独刺激及联合刺激作为实验组，免疫组化法测定Ⅱ型胶原的定性表达，并通过图像分析作半定量分析。结果：对照组细胞第5代以后无阳性表达。第3、5、7代细胞在bFGF或IGF-Ⅰ刺激下。Ⅱ型胶原表达强度显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）；bFGF和IGF-Ⅰ联合作用下，Ⅱ型胶原表达强度均显著高于单独以bFGF或IGF-Ⅰ刺激组（P〈0．05）。结论：bFGF、IGF-Ⅰ能促进多次传代软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原的表达，且联合应用时促进作用更为明显。多次传代软骨细胞在生长因子刺激下，仍有再分化的能力。而有成为软骨组织工程种子细胞的可能。     

吡格列酮对肾小管上皮细胞转分化及CTGF表达的影响

目的 探讨吡格列酮能否负性调节转化生长因子β(TGF-β)诱导的肾小管上皮细胞转分化为肌成纤维细胞(TEMT),以及抑制TGF-β下游介质结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)表达,以阐明吡格列酮抗肾纤维化的作用及机制.方法 将体外培养的正常大鼠肾小管上皮细胞(NRK52E)分为空白对照组、TGF-β3 ng/mL诱导组、TGF-β3 ng/mL+DMSO组、不同剂量吡格列酮阻断组.应用倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态,免疫组织化学、RT-PCR方法 定性及定量检测肌成纤维细胞特异性标志物α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA);RT-PCR方法 定量检测CTGFmRNA的表达;ELISA法测定培养细胞上清液中Ⅲ型胶原的含量.结果 ①TGF-β诱导组细胞从原来典型的上皮细胞形态转变为长梭形肌成纤维细胞形态;免疫组织化学染色见大量α-SMA阳性细胞,与对照组相比,α-SMAmRNA表达量增加(P＜0.05);CTGF mRNA表达量增加(P＜0.05);细胞培养上清液中Ⅲ型胶原的含量增加(P＜0.05).②吡格列酮阻断组明显抑制TGF-β诱导的NRK52E细胞形态学改变;各剂量组均能抑制TGF-β诱导的α-SMA mRNA、CTGF mRNA表达及Ⅲ型胶原分泌(P＜0.05),且呈剂量依赖(P＜0.05);③相关分析显示,CTGF mRNA与α-SMA mRNA、Ⅲ型胶原的分泌呈正相关(r=0.975,0.988,P均＜0.01).α-SMA mRNA与Ⅲ型胶原的分泌呈正相关(r=0.952,P＜0.01).结论 吡格列酮能够抑制TGF-β诱导的TEMT及Ⅲ型胶原的分泌,对肾间质纤维化具有负性调节作用;吡格列酮抑制TGF-β诱导的CTGF表达可能是其负性调节TEMT的机制之一.     

精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸多肽表面修饰多孔钽对软骨细胞黏附、增殖和分泌功能的促进作用

目的:研究精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸(RGD)多肽表面修饰多孔钽(Ta)对软骨细胞黏附、增殖和分泌功能等生物学行为的影响,探讨RGD/软骨细胞/多孔钽复合物作为软骨组织工程支架材料修复软骨缺损、促进软骨再生的可行性。方法:通过物理吸附的方法将不同浓度RGD肽及Ⅱ型胶原(ColⅡ)吸附于多孔钽表面,分为Ta-RGD组、Ta-ColⅡ组、Ta-RGD/ColⅡ0.2 g·L^-1组、Ta-RGD/ColⅡ1.0 g·L^-1组、Ta-RGD/ColⅡ5.0 g·L^-1组、Ta-RGD/ColⅡ10.0 g·L^-1组及纯Ta组。分离培养新西兰幼兔关节软骨细胞,取第2代细胞种植于修饰前后多孔钽使其成为RGD/软骨细胞/多孔钽复合物;扫描电镜观察RGD/软骨细胞/多孔钽复合物形貌特征以及软骨细胞生长状态,沉淀法检测多孔钽修饰前后软骨细胞黏附率,MTT法检测多孔钽修饰前后软骨细胞的增殖水平,羟脯氨酸法测定软骨细胞分泌功能。结果:多孔钽经RGD修饰后各组软骨细胞黏附率均高于修饰前(P<0.05),其中黏附效果最好的是4 h的Ta-RGD/ColⅡ5.0 g·L^-1组,同时各组间黏附率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。扫描电镜下各组软骨细胞在修饰后的多孔钽表面生长状态良好,细胞在多孔钽表面及孔隙内生长,分泌细胞外基质覆盖于多孔钽表面;MTT检测,多孔钽经RGD修饰后各组软骨细胞增殖水平均高于修饰前(P<0.05),其中增殖效果最好的是13 d的Ta-RGD/ColⅡ1.0 g·L^-1组;羟脯氨酸检测,Ta-RGD/ColⅡ1.0 g·L^-1组羟脯氨酸水平高于其他各组(P<0.05)。结论:RGD多肽可有效加强软骨细胞在多孔钽表面及孔隙内的黏附及增殖,对软骨细胞的分泌有促进作用。     

腺病毒介导的碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对人骨关节炎软骨细胞的作用

目的:探讨腺病毒介导的人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)对体外培养的人骨关节炎(OA)软骨细胞的转染及其作用。方法:人OA软骨细胞分为3组:OA对照组、绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)对照组及bFGF转染组。采用含bFGF的腺病毒载体转染人OA软骨细胞,48 h后通过流式细胞术分析腺病毒转染软骨细胞的效率,绘制转染效率曲线。6 d后检测培养基中bFGF的浓度及软骨细胞增殖;观察软骨细胞蛋白多糖及Ⅱ型胶原的表达。结果:腺病毒介导的bFGF可高效转染人OA软骨细胞并在细胞外表达。与OA对照组相比,bFGF转染后可明显促进软骨细胞的增殖(P<0.05);同时增加了软骨细胞蛋白多糖和Ⅱ型胶原的生物合成(P<0.05)。结论:腺病毒介导的bFGF可促进OA软骨细增殖,增强细胞基质的合成,对软骨细胞表型的维持具有重要作用。     

CDMP1诱导成纤维细胞向成软骨细胞表型分化的实验研究

目的应用软骨形态发生蛋白-1(CDMPI)生长因子,体外诱导真皮成纤维细胞向成软骨细胞表型分化,探讨其作为组织工程化软骨种子细胞的可行性.方法取成人真皮成纤维细胞,体外扩增至第2代,以加入CDMPl生长因子(100ng/mL)的含10%胎牛血清的F-12培养液诱导,每3 d换液1次,进行单层培养,对照组为不加CDMPl培养的成纤维细胞.7 d后,免疫荧光检测Ⅱ型胶原分泌,RT-PCR检测Aggrecan、Ⅱ型胶原mRNA表达.结果诱导后成纤维细胞细胞形态由梭形向软骨细胞样多角形、多边形转变.Ⅱ型胶原免疫荧光检测表达阳性,RT-PCR检测Aggrecan、Ⅱ型胶原mRNA表达阳性.结论成纤维细胞在CDMPI生长因子诱导下能向成软骨细胞表型分化,并能分泌软骨细胞特异性基质,有可能成为软骨组织工程新的种子细胞来源.     

miRNA-29b调控骨髓间充质干细胞来源的软骨细胞肥大化的作用研究

目的 探讨miR-29b在骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)分化为软骨细胞时,对细胞肥大化进程的调控作用.方法 培养BMSCs并进行软骨细胞肥大化方向的诱导,检测软骨细胞标志基因Ⅱ型胶原(ColⅡ)、肥大化细胞标志基因X型胶原(Col X和Runx2),并用特异性染色法确定细胞肥大化诱导成功,再检测miR-29b在转录水平的表达情况.然后将实验分为miR-29b过表达(miR-29b mimics)和miR-29b抑制(miR-29b抑制剂)两组,每组分别设置空白对照组,分别检测两处理组中上述软骨细胞和肥大化细胞相关标志的表达变化.结果 miR-29b过表达组中,ColⅡ表达与对照组相比显著降低(P＜0.05),Col X和Runx2表达显著升高(P＜0.05);而miR-29b抑制组中,ColⅡ的表达与对照组相比显著升高(P＜0.05),Col X和Runx2显著降低(P＜0.05).结论 miR-29可以有效促进BMSCs向肥大化的软骨细胞分化,而抑制miR-29b可降低BMSCs来源的软骨细胞的肥大化.     

CDMP1诱导成纤维细胞向成软骨细胞表型分化的实验研究

目的 应用软骨形态发生蛋白-1(CDMP1)生长因子，体外诱导真皮成纤维细胞向成软骨细胞表型分化，探讨其作为组织工程化软骨种子细胞的可行性方法取成人真皮成纤维细胞，体外扩增至第2代，以加入cDMP1生长因子(100ng／mL)的含10％胎牛血清的F-12培养液诱导，每3d换液1次，进行单层培养，对照组为不加CDMP1培养的成纤维细胞-7d后，免疫荧光检测Ⅱ型胶原分泌，RT-PCR检测Aggrecan、Ⅱ型胶原mRNA表达。结果 诱导后成纤维细胞细胞形态由梭形向软骨细胞样多角形、多边形转变。Ⅱ型胶原免疫荧光检测表达阳性，RT-PCR检测Aggrecan、Ⅱ型胶原mRNA表达阳性。结论 成纤维细胞在CDMP1生长因子诱导下能向成软骨细胞表型分化，并能分泌软骨细胞特异性基质，有可能成为软骨组织工程新的种子细胞来源。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.