Innervation of human nasal mucosa in environmentally triggered hyperreflectoric rhinitis

Hyperreflectoric rhinitis is related to an unspecific hyperreactivity probably caused by chemical irritants. As a major modulatory role may be attributed to the mucosal innervation, the present study was carried out to examine possible changes in the nasal mucosa innervation. Immunohistochemistry for the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP) and neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) revealed abundant staining of nerve fibers. Neuropeptide-contents in mucosal nerves was then quantitatively assessed and significant increases were found for SP (3.00 +/- 0.37 vs. 1.64 +/- 0.34 control group staining intensity) and VIP (2.33 +/- 0.42 vs. 0.82 +/- 0.33). In conclusion, these findings demonstrated differences in human nasal mucosa innervation between nonrhinitic and hyperreflectoric rhinitic subjects and provide evidence for a modulatory participation of neuropeptide-specific subpopulations of nerve fibers in hyperreflectoric rhinitis.     

Changes of the different neuropeptide containing nerve elements in the inflamed human gall bladder

BACKGROUND, AIMS: The changes of different neuropeptide containing nerve elements might play a role in the pathogenesis of cholecystitis and the formation of gallstones, therefore the authors have investigated the density of the neuropeptide containing nerve fibres and immunocompetent cells in human gallbladder (control and cholecystitis). METHODS: The different neuropeptide containing nerve elements and immunocytes were detected by avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) immunohistochemistry. Results: In the control gallbladder the density of the different neuropeptide containing nerve fibres showed different pattern in all layers. In the inflamed gallbladder the number of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) positive nerve fibres increased significantly, very dense immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibres were located mainly in the tunica mucosa just below the epithelial lining. The number of the VIP IR nerve cell bodies was also increased. However, the number of the substance P (SP) IR nerve fibres was decreased significantly in the cholecystitis. The number of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) nerve fibres showed no changes, while their distribution was altered compared to the control. In the inflamed area the number of immunocompetent cells was strongly increased (being granulocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells and mast cells) and some of them were also immunoreactive for SP, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and VIP. Close contacts were detected between IR nerve fibres and the immunocytes in several cases. CONCLUSIONS: During inflammation the changes of the neuropeptide containing nerve fibres might alter the function (causing dilation) of the gall bladder, the activated immunocytes can also synthesize neuropeptides (SP, CGRP, VIP), so the released materials (cytokines, chemokines, histamine, as well as neuropeptides) might act in an autocrine and/or paracrine way influencing the function of the organ and of the immune system.     

The effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on skin and thyroid amine- and peptide-containing cells in rats: an immunohistochemical and morphometrical study

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on mast cells (MCs), parafollicular cells, and nerve fibers in rat skin and thyroid gland. The experiment was performed on 24 2-month-old Wistar male rats exposed for 4h a day, 7 days a week for 1 month to EMFs (50 Hz, 100-300 microT, 54-160 V/m). After sacrifice, samples of skin and thyroid were processed for indirect immunohistochemistry or toluidine blue staining and then were analyzed using the methods of stereology. The antibody markers to serotonin, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP) were applied to skin sections and PGP, CGRP, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) markers to the thyroid. A significantly increased number of serotonin-positive MCs in the skin and NPY-containing nerve fibers in the thyroid of rats exposed to ELF-EMF was found compared to controls, indicating a possible EMF effect on skin and thyroid vasculature.     

Neuropeptides in the duodenal mucosa of chronic alcoholic heavy drinkers

Previous studies have shown that patients with chronic alcohol ingestion may show a variety of morphological and functional alterations in the small intestine. In this study, we have focused on the neuroendocrine system in the duodenal mucosa in chronic alcoholics; an area little studied. Twenty-three defined chronic alcoholics admitted to the hospital for detoxification underwent clinical examination, followed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and blood tests on average 4 days after the most recent alcohol intake. Biopsy specimens were taken from the distal part of the descending duodenum for both immunohistochemical and routine histological examination. The control group consisted of 25 patients referred for upper endoscopy mainly because of dyspepsia (ulcer, reflux type), but who were otherwise healthy. A normal carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and a history of low alcohol consumption (<40 g/week) were required for inclusion in the control group. The tissue specimens were studied using antisera for the following neuropeptides: cholecystokinin, galanin, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), glucagon, motilin, neuropeptide Y, pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating peptide, secretin, serotonin, somatostatin, substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and protein gene product, as a general marker for neurones and cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine system. The density of nerve fibres was evaluated semi-quantitatively and the number of endocrine cells per unit length of mucosa was counted in sections cut perpendicularly to the mucosal surface. All the different peptidergic nerve fibres in the alcohol group showed higher densities than the corresponding controls. However, this was not a statistically significant difference. A slightly significant increase (P = 0.02) in the numbers of glucagon and GIP cells was seen in the alcohol group. Gastrointestinal symptoms were frequently present (87%) in chronic alcoholics. We suggest that chronic alcohol consumption in man may have a general effect on the peptidergic nerve system and some endocrine cell types in the duodenal mucosa.     

早期SANFH大鼠骨组织中CGRP免疫阳性神经纤维的变化及意义

目的 观察降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）免疫阳性神经纤维在早期激素性股骨头缺血坏死（SANFH）骨组织中的变化,并探讨其意义.方法 采用大剂量冲击造模方法,造成SD大鼠SANFH模型.应用免疫组织化学技术光镜下观察CGRP免疫阳性神经纤维在SANFH负重区骨组织中的变化规律.结果 股骨头软骨下骨髓腔内CGRP免疫阳性神经纤维的数目先增多,后减少（第6周达高峰,为10.28±0.66）,均较正常组增多,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 （1）CGRP免疫阳性神经纤维在激素性股骨头缺血坏死组织中的分布发生变化;（2）CGRP免疫阳性神经纤维参与激素性股骨头缺血坏死后的修复过程.     

Occupational allergic rhinitis in Finland

Summary Between 1980 and 1987 a total of 166 patients were diagnosed as having occupational (mostly allergic) rhinitis at the Institute of Occupational Health. This is about 20% of all the diagnosed cases in Finland. The most common causes were: flour (50 cases), wood dust (30 cases), animal epithelia (19 cases), and natural fibers, mainly cotton (19 cases). Between 1981 and 1987 the number of cases of occupational rhinitis in all of Finland more than doubled (from 61 to 128 cases per year), and in 1991 a total of 319 cases were detected. This was mainly due to the increase in rhinitis caused by animal epithelium and flour dust, which were then the most common causes of occupational rhinitis in Finland. This increase, in turn, was based on changes in the Finnish legislation, which in 1982 was extended to cover farmers. Other causes of the increase were probably the increased awareness of the public and health personnel, but a true increase in occupational rhinitis cannot be excluded.     

Nasal and bronchial responses to flour-inhalation in subjects with occupationally induced allergy affecting the airway

Objectives: The aim of the study was to follow the similarities and differences, of cellular and mediator changes and mucosal/vascular permeability in the upper and lower airway after specific and nonspecific bronchial provocation, in bakers with diagnosed occupationally induced allergy affecting the airway. In addition, the authors try to find whether there is a relationship between cellular changes in nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage, and bronchial hyperreactivity. Methods: The study participants were 10 bakers with occupational bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. All patients were sensitized to investigated allergen-flour. Nasal- and bronchoalveolar lavage techniques were used to evaluate the changes of the cellular and mediator response (tryptase, eosinophil cationic protein, ECP) and albumin level after specific (flour) and placebo provocation. In addition, bronchial hyperreactivity for histamine, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) were measured after the challenge. Results: There was a significant increase in the percentage of eosinophils, basophils and albumin in nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage of occupationally sensitized bakers. A statistically significant increase in the percentage of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage was observed only 24 h after the allergen challenge. The level of tryptase in nasal lavage was significantly higher during the early allergic response. The levels of ECP in both nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage were significantly increased during the late allergic response. There were also severe bronchial reactions and increase of bronchial hyperreactivity for histamine in occupationally sensitized bakers in the late phase of allergic reaction. Conclusion: Eosinophils and basophils proved to be the predominant cells in nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with occupationally induced bronchial asthma and rhinitis. The prolonged increase of albumin level seems also to be a good predictor of protracted nasal and bronchial inflammation. The results obtained confirmed that tryptase and ECP are good markers for monitoring mast cell and eosinophil degranulation during the allergic reaction. Increase of airway responsiveness reflects an eosinophil and basophil contribution to airway allergic response. Received: 24 June 1999 / Accepted: 25 April 2000     

成人过敏性鼻炎危险因素的病例-对照研究

目的 探讨成人过敏性鼻炎的环境危险因素.方法 采用1:1配对的病例-对照流行病学研究设计,选择由北京大学人民医院耳鼻喉科确诊的100例过敏性鼻炎患者为病例;同时选择该院耳鼻喉科确诊的非过敏性鼻炎患者,以年龄(相差3岁以内)、性别(同性别)为配比变量,与病例1:1相匹配者为对照.通过问卷调查的方法收集两组人群的一般社会人口学特征、疾病健康状况、吸烟史、职业接触史、室内环境状况及家族史等信息.问卷的分析和统计采用单因素及多因素的条件Logistic回归分析.结果 病例组有花粉过敏史者患过敏性鼻炎的危险性高于对照组,且有统计学意义(OR=2.04,95%CI:1.31～3.20),母亲有过敏性鼻炎增加其子女过敏性鼻炎发生的可能性(OR=2.05,95%CI:1.03～4.07),病例组职业接触粉尘率高于对照组,且有统计学意义(OR=1.46,95%CI:0.83～2.57),成人过敏性鼻炎患者居室内开窗频率低于对照组,且有统计学意义(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.34～1.18).结论 职业接触粉尘、母亲有过敏性鼻炎、花粉过敏史、开窗频率低可能是成人过敏性鼻炎的主要危险因素,与成人过敏性鼻炎的发生有一定的联系.     

变应性鼻炎伴鼻中隔偏曲的外科治疗观察

目的：探讨用鼻中隔成形和微波手术治疗常年性变应性鼻炎伴鼻中隔偏曲的临床疗效。方法：将90例变应性鼻炎伴鼻中隔偏曲患者分为两组,一组采取鼻内镜下鼻中隔偏曲成形和微波手术治疗（60例）,另一组应用药物治疗（30例）,比较两组患者疗效。结果：手术组与药物组6个月及1年的效率分别是95%、73%与88%、53%,两组比较差异均有显著性（均P〈0.01）。结论：鼻内镜下鼻中隔偏曲成形和微波治疗变应性鼻炎伴鼻中隔偏曲疗效确切。     

豚鼠变应性鼻炎模型的建立和观察

目的 了解变应性鼻炎的免疫、病理生理和形态学的改变.方法 用橄榄油将甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯配成10%溶液作为致敏剂,滴鼻,建立豚鼠变应性鼻炎模型8例.另8例正常豚鼠作对照.致敏结束、模型成功后取血,测定红细胞C3b受体花环率和红细胞IC花环率.取鼻中隔中黏膜,采用链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化酶连结法行免疫组化染色,观察P物质在鼻黏膜中的分布.用双抗夹心ELASA方法 测定血清组胺的含量.鼻黏膜做光镜和透射电镜观察.结果 (1)鼻部症状评分比较,模型组高于对照组(P＜0.01).(2)模型组的红细胞C3b受体花环率和红细胞IC花环率均低于对照组(P＜0.05).(3)模型组比对照组鼻黏膜P物质阳性细胞染色加深,阳性颗粒增多,密度增大,阳性细胞计数增多(P＜0.05).(4)组胺含量高于对照组(P＜0.01).(5)光镜下见对照组鼻黏膜上皮层为正常的假复层纤毛柱状上皮.模型组黏膜上皮增生、转化、坏死,固有层和黏膜下层改变,并见特征性的嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞浸润.(6)透射电镜见对照组鼻黏膜上皮细胞结构完整,纤毛微管整齐、清晰,胞质内细胞器丰富,嗜酸性粒细胞正常.模型组黏膜上皮、细胞、纤毛、微管、微绒毛改变,细胞体积、核、细胞器改变,肥大细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞改变,血管扩张.浆液腺体旺盛增生.结论 豚鼠变应性鼻炎模型在免疫、病理生理和形态学出现的改变与临床类似.     

香菊胶囊治疗常年性过敏性鼻炎的疗效观察

目的：观察香菊胶囊治疗常年性过敏性鼻炎的效果。方法：常年性过敏性鼻炎患者240例,随机分为治疗组和对照组。对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用香菊胶囊口服,2周为1疗程,连续3个疗程,随访半年,观察两组疗效。结果：对照组显效率71．67％,总有效率82．37％;治疗组显效率85．83％,总有效率95．0％,治疗组显效率和总有效率明显高于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：应用香菊胶囊辅助治疗常年性过敏性鼻炎疗效明确,可作为治疗常年性过敏性鼻炎的理想药物之一,值得临床推广应用。     

Omalizumab: efficacy in allergic disease

Asthma and allergic rhinitis are common conditions that have a substantial impact on patient quality of life, severely disrupting physical, emotional and social functioning. These diseases share many pathophysiological characteristics and recent research has provided evidence that a strong causal relationship exists between allergy and both asthma and allergic rhinitis. As a root cause of allergic diseases of the airways, immunoglobulin E (IgE) represents an appropriate target for the development of new therapies. Omalizumab (Xolair) is a recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody that has demonstrated efficacy in allergic asthma and other IgE-related allergic illnesses. In three pivotal, placebo-controlled trials in patients with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma, omalizumab provided effective disease control, significantly reducing exacerbations while improving quality of life. Additionally, omalizumab reduced the need for unscheduled outpatient visits, emergency room visits and hospitalizations. Omalizumab was particularly useful as add-on treatment for patients with poorly controlled severe asthma. Similar benefits were reported in patients with seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis. Omalizumab significantly improved disease symptoms and reduced the use of rescue antihistamines. In patients with concomitant asthma and perennial allergic rhinitis, omaliuzumab significantly prevented asthma exacerbations and improved quality of life compared with placebo. Taken together, these results suggest that omalizumab represents an important clinical advance in the management of allergic disease.     

Changes of the nerve fibers innervating the minor salivary glands in Sjögren syndrome

INTRODUCTION: A large number of nerve fibres containing different neuropeptides/transmitters are also found in the salivary glands. The number and the distribution of nerve fibres is altered in many diseases, including in Sj?gren's syndrome. AIM: Therefore in the present study the distribution and precise localisation of the nerve fibres containing the frequently observed neuropeptides were studied in the minor salivary glands. METHODS: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, somatostatin, nitric oxide synthase and tyrosine beta-hydroxylase antibodies were used as primary antisera, and then by the aid of avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method the immunoreactive fibers in human labial glands (control and with Sj?gren's syndrome) and in minor glands of the root of the rat's tongue were detected. RESULTS: Large number of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and nitric oxide synthase immunoreactive nerve fibres were seen around the acini. The neuropeptide Y and tyrosine beta-hydroxylase positive nerve fibres were mainly found around the blood vessels. Some of the IR fibers were also found around the excretory ducts. In the biopsy of patients with Sj?gren's syndrome, the acini were destroyed and only few excretory ducts were seen. The number of the nerve fibres was significantly decreased and many degenerated fibres were also observed among the acini. The electron-microscopic examinations showed that the immunoreactive nerve fibres were in close association to the secretory cells, to the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels and to the immunocells. The synaptic gap between the nerve fibres and the target cells were 40-200 nm. CONCLUSIONS: On the bases of the distribution of the different transmitters containing nerve fibres and their relationship to effector cells, the authors suppose that these transmitters control the function of the gland and regulate the blood flow. The close association to immunocells and decreasing the nerve fibres in Sj?gren's syndrome imply that they may have also a role in the neuroimmunologic processes.     

Dietary intake of seaweed and minerals and prevalence of allergic rhinitis in Japanese pregnant females: baseline data from the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study

PURPOSE: It may be worthwhile to assess the possible protective effect of the traditional Japanese diet on allergic disorders. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between dietary intake of seaweed, vegetables, fruit, antioxidants, fiber, and minerals and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis. METHODS: Study subjects were 1002 Japanese pregnant women. Allergic rhinitis (including cedar pollinosis) was defined as present if subjects had received drug treatment at some point during the previous 12 months. Information on dietary factors was collected by using a self-administered diet history questionnaire. RESULTS: Seaweed intake was associated independently with a decreased prevalence of allergic rhinitis. Significant inverse dose-response relationships were found between calcium and phosphorus intake and allergic rhinitis prevalence. There also was a tendency for an inverse association between magnesium consumption and allergic rhinitis. Additional adjustment for calcium or magnesium intake apparently did not influence the inverse association with seaweed consumption. Consumption of vegetables, fruit, vitamins C and E, fiber, and zinc showed no association with allergic rhinitis, whereas a significant positive relationship was observed between beta-carotene intake and allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSIONS: High dietary intake of seaweed, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus may be associated with a decreased prevalence of allergic rhinitis.     

Intranasal phototherapy for the treatment of allergic rhinitis

INTRODUCTION: Allergic rhinitis is a frequent disease, accompanied by significant social-economic costs and a negative impact on the quality of life. Phototherapy has a profound immunosuppressive effect and is effectively used in the treatment of several immune mediated skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis. AIMS: The authors investigated the efficacy of intranasal phototherapy with a combination of low doses of ultraviolet-B, ultraviolet-A and visible light in allergic rhinitis. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in patients with a history of at least 2 years of moderate to severe ragweed-induced allergic rhinitis that was not controlled by anti-allergic drugs. Intranasal phototherapy was performed 3 times a week for 3 weeks. As placebo low intensity visible light was used. RESULTS: Phototherapy resulted in a significant improvement of clinical symptoms for nasal itching, rhinorrhea, sneezing and total nasal score. Scores for nasal obstruction slightly improved during phototherapy while a significant increased was found in the placebo group. In the overall efficacy assessment, both patients and investigators found phototherapy significantly more efficient than placebo. Phototherapy was well tolerated, the only side effect was the slight dryness of the nasal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that intranasal phototherapy is effective for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, and opens up new opportunities for the treatment of immune-mediated mucosal diseases.     

Aeroallergens, allergic rhinitis, and sedating antihistamines: risk factors for traumatic occupational injury and economic impact

BACKGROUND: The U.S. workplace injury burden is significant. Our objective was to assess the particular impact of aeroallergen, allergic rhinitis, and antihistamine exposures and side effects on the risk of traumatic work-related injuries, and the associated economic impact. METHODS: This is an observational case-control study with 1,223 acute traumatic injury cases that are compared to 1,202 chronic back injury controls. Structured telephone interviews were conducted in 1998 and 1999 on Workers' Compensation applicants injured in 1997. Antihistamine use and pollen levels were measured 2 weeks prior to the injury date. RESULTS: Sedating antihistamine exposures elevated acute injury risk (main effect OR: 2.93). A significant increase in traumatic injury risk was observed for combined sedating antihistamine and high pollen exposures among subjects with physician and self-diagnosed allergic rhinitis (OR: 2.41). Direct medical costs associated with this increased risk were estimated at $143 million in 2001. CONCLUSIONS: Workers with physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis have as high a reliance on sedating antihistamines as do self-diagnosed and self-medicating nasal allergy sufferers. High pollen exposures along with sedating antihistamine use may confer significant additional injury risks among allergic rhinitis sufferers. Medical management "best practices" of diagnosed allergic rhinitis should include avoidance of sedating antihistamines to minimize acute, traumatic injury risks.     

舌下免疫治疗常年性变应性鼻炎临床研究

目的观察标准化粉尘螨变应原疫苗舌下含服免疫治疗常年性变应性鼻炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法82例均对粉尘螨过敏的常年性变应性鼻炎患者,给予标准化粉尘螨变应原疫苗舌下含服免疫治疗1年,观察免疫治疗过程中局部及全身不良反应发生情况,并通过临床症状评分及鼻结膜炎相关生活质量问卷进行评价其疗效。结果局部不良反应有5例（6．1％）,表现为口腔局部瘙痒不适;全身不良反应有10例（12．2％）,包括胃肠道反应、荨麻疹、鼻炎症状加重等,主要发生于剂量递增阶段,均为轻至中度反应,未发生过敏性休克等严重不良反应。临床症状及生活质量均得到显著性改善（P〈0．01）,治疗总有效率为84．1％（69／82）。结论舌下含服途径进行特异性免疫治疗常年性变应性鼻炎具有良好的临床疗效及安全性,值得推广应用。     

Association between air pollution and daily consultations with general practitioners for allergic rhinitis in London, United Kingdom

Few published studies have looked at the health effects of air pollution in the primary care setting, and most have concentrated on lower rather than upper respiratory diseases. The authors investigated the association of daily consultations with general practitioners for allergic rhinitis with air pollution in London, United Kingdom. Generalized additive models were used to regress time series of daily numbers of patients consulting for allergic rhinitis against 1992--1994 measures of air pollution, after control for possible confounders and adjustment for overdispersion and serial correlation. In children, a 10th--90th percentile increase in sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) levels 4 days prior to consultation (13-31 microg/m(3)) was associated with a 24.5% increase in consultations (95% confidence interval: 14.6, 35.2; p < 0.00001); a 10th--90th percentile increase in averaged ozone (O(3)) concentrations on the day of consultation and the preceding 3 days (6--29 parts per billion) was associated with a 37.6% rise (95% confidence interval: 23.3, 53.5; p < 0.00001). For adults, smaller effect sizes were observed for SO(2) and O(3). The association with SO(2) remained highly significant in the presence of other pollutants. This study suggests that air pollution worsens allergic rhinitis symptoms, leading to substantial increases in consultations. SO(2) and O(3) seem particularly responsible, and both seem to contribute independently.     

Evaluation of quality of life in patients with allergic rhinitis

Nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis, such as watery rhinorrhea, sneezing and nasal obstruction, are thought to result in reduction in quality of life (QOL). In this study, we evaluated the QOL scores of patients suffering from allergic rhinitis, using the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) and the Short Form-36 (SF-36). One hundred twenty six patients with allergic rhinitis who visited the department of otolaryngology of UOEH and affiliated hospitals from April, 2003 to March, 2004 were enrolled in this study. Each symptom of allergic rhinitis was shown to degrade the RQLQ scores. In particular, nasal obstruction and severity of the disease strongly related to the RQLQ scores. All the SF-36 scores of allergic rhinitis patients were lower than those of standard Japanese. Nasal obstruction was severer, and ocular symptoms were milder in the perennial group than in the seasonal group. The QOL scores of emotional aspects were significantly different between generations. The QOL score of social functioning increased, and that of mental health decreased with age. These results clearly indicate that nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis cause degradation of QOL in daily and social lives. It would be interesting and necessary to evaluate QOL disturbance and loss of working efficiency in workers with allergic rhinitis in further studies.     

过敏性鼻炎环境危险因素的病例-对照研究

目的 探索成人过敏性鼻炎的危险因素.方法 采用以医院病人为基础的病例-对照设计,于2004年4-10月在医院选取确诊的42例过敏性鼻炎病例(病例组)及57例非过敏性鼻炎病人(对照组),收集2组人群的一般社会人口学情况、疾病及健康状况、吸烟史、职业史、室内环境状况与家族史等信息,用χ2检验及非条件Logistic回归进行比较分析.结果 单因素及多因素分析均显示,过敏性鼻炎病例组的居室装修率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(多因素分析:OR=0.260,P＜0.05);两组在食用油的使用上,病例组的色拉油的使用率远高于对照组(多因素分析:OR=3.777,P＜0.05).另外单因素结果发现,过敏性鼻炎患者与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义的危险因素还有:职业粉尘接触率高(OR=3.379,P＜0.05);家族过敏史(OR=2.882,P＜0.05);居室养花的比例低(OR=0.405,P＜0.05).结论 家族过敏史、装修、食用油、养花、职业粉尘接触与过敏性鼻炎的发病有一定的统计学关联,提示过敏性鼻炎与某些环境危险因素和遗传因素均有密切联系,应进一步深入研究.