p16基因对涎腺腺样囊性癌细胞增殖的影响

目的：探讨p16抑癌基因对涎腺腺样囊性癌（SACC）细胞系增殖的影响。方法：通过脂质体介导的基因转染方法，将p16基因导入涎腺腺样囊性癌细胞系，观察转染组、空载体组和未转染组细胞的生长情况。结果：转染p16基因的细胞系，其细胞生长速度，DNA合成，细胞增殖能力均下降，而未转染组则有相反结果。结论：p16基因能抑制涎腺腺样囊性癌细胞系的增殖。     

epiregulin在涎腺腺样囊性癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系

目的探讨表皮生长因子epiregulin在涎腺腺样囊性癌（salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma,SACC）肺转移中的作用。方法SACC石蜡组织标本30例。通过免疫组织化学方法（sP方法）检测epiregulin在SACC石蜡组织标本中的表达,并分析其与临床病理特征之间的关系。结果（1）Epiregulin广泛地表达于细胞质或细胞核。（2）SACC发生肺转移15例,阳性着色率86．7％（13／15）,H-score（Hs）定量分析平均为1．26±0．65;未发生肺转移15例,阳性着色率33．3％（5／15）,Hs为0．48±0．25。与Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期相比,epiregulin在SACCⅢ＋Ⅳ期表达显著升高。（3）Kaplan-Miere生存曲线分析未发现epiregulin的表达与SACC患者的预后相关。结论Epiregulin的表达与涎腺腺样囊性癌肺转移有一定相关性,但仍需要大样本研究进一步证明。     

右颌下腺、腮腺腺样囊性癌阴道壁转移1例

腺样囊性癌,亦称圆柱瘤型腺癌,是常见的口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤之一,好发于颌面部小涎腺组织,在大涎腺中,腺样囊性癌占颌下腺恶性肿瘤的1/3左右,占舌下腺恶性肿瘤的60%左右,而占腮腺恶性肿瘤的比例相对较少,腺样囊性癌局部可呈浸润肿块,多数边界不清,活动度小,腺样囊性癌一个重要的生物学特点就是有很强的侵袭性和很高的远处转移率,其转移途径主要是通过血行转移,转移部位以     

乳腺腺样囊性癌临床特点、影像学表现、病理及诊治

乳腺腺样囊性癌是一种发生于乳腺的少见恶性肿瘤，发病率极低。其细胞起源不清。组织学类型与发生在唾液腺的腺样囊性癌相同，但其少见腋窝淋巴结转移及远处转移，预后较好。影像学表现报道较少，无特征性表现。乳房根治术是治疗腺样囊性癌的主要方法。术后辅助治疗存在争议。因为存在远期复发风险，长期随访是必需的。     

不同类型肾癌细胞DNA含量与临床预后的关系

目的：探讨不同类型肾癌细胞ＤＮＡ含量变化与临床的关系。方法：筛选３２例肾细胞癌标本切片行Ｆｅｕｌｇｅｎ染色，ＣＭＩＡＳ图像分析系统分析。结果：ＤＮＡ指数均值以肉瘤样癌最大，透明细胞癌最小（Ｐ＜０．０５）。透明细胞癌与集合管癌、肉瘤样瘤；集合管与嫌色细胞癌间具有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。以５倍体和大于５倍体细胞百分率高低依次为肉瘤样癌、集合管癌、颗粒细胞癌、嫌色细胞癌和透明细胞癌。结论：细胞ＤＮＡ含量在不同类型肾癌之间有明确的相关性，且其与肿瘤的恶性程度和临床预后有关     

涎腺腺样囊性癌增殖、侵袭及转移相关基因研究进展

<正>涎腺腺样囊性癌(salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma,SACC)约占涎腺恶性肿瘤的24%~([1]),是对人体危害最大的头颈部恶性肿瘤之一。此肿瘤生长特殊,一般无包膜,侵袭性强,嗜神经生长和远处转移是SACC的两大恶性生物学特性。因放疗及化学药物治疗效果均不理想,临床难以确定其明确的浸润范围,术后高复发转移率(5年肺转移率高达     

涎腺腺样囊性癌发生发展相关基因研究进展

<正>涎腺腺样囊性癌(salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma,SACC)约占涎腺恶性肿瘤的24%,是对人体危害最大的头颈部恶性肿瘤之一。此肿瘤生长特殊,一般无包膜,侵袭性强,嗜神经生长和远处转移是SACC的两大恶性生物学特性。因放疗及化学药物治疗效果均不理想,临床难以确定其明确的浸润     

涎腺腺泡细胞癌36例临床病理分析

目的 探讨涎腺腺泡细胞癌的临床病理学特征、诊断和鉴别诊断、治疗和预后.方法 复习36例涎腺腺泡细胞癌手术切除标本的病理切片并做相应的免疫组织化学染色,结合临床资料进行分析.结果 涎腺腺泡细胞癌男女发病均等,各年龄组均可发病,好发于腮腺浅叶,生长缓慢,病程长,预后相对较好.肉眼观：肿瘤直径3～10cm,呈浸润性生长,部分病例周围组织中可见小的瘤结.切面灰白色或浅粉红色,质地较软,易碎.镜检：五种类型的细胞组成四种组织类型.免疫表型：CK18呈细胞膜型阳性、CK7阴性具有特异性.结论 涎腺腺泡细胞癌癌细胞类型和组织类型的多样性是该肿瘤的特征,不同的组织学类型应与其组织学形态相似的肿瘤鉴别,免疫表型起关键作用.腺泡细胞癌发病少,属低度恶性肿瘤,治疗首选以根治性手术切除,病变范围广或复发病例可行术后放疗以减少局部复发和转移.     

MRP在人涎腺腺样囊性癌细胞中的表达及意义

目的:通过检测MRP蛋白的表达,探讨人涎腺腺样囊性癌细胞产生多药耐药的机制。方法:用浓度为1μg/ml的顺铂作用于腺样囊性癌细胞,每次作用时间48 h,经6个月后形成在该药物浓度下生长良好的耐顺铂细胞。运用免疫组化、Western-blot法检测SACC和SACC/DDP细胞株中MRP蛋白的表达,RT-PCR检测SACC和SACC/DDP的MRP mRNA的表达。结果:诱导形成的顺铂作用环境下生长稳定的细胞株SACC/DDP,其MRP蛋白和MRP mRNA表达水平明显高于母本细胞SACC(P<0.01)。结论:SACC/DDP细胞的细胞浆中以及细胞膜上MRP蛋白的表达率很高,可能是涎腺腺样囊性癌细胞产生多药耐药的机制所在。     

正常涎腺组织中E-cadherin，p16，RASSF1 A，DAPK和MGMT基因甲基化检测

目的：检测组织学正常的涎腺组织中5个抑癌基因的甲基化情况,为进行涎腺肿瘤的甲基化研究提供参照。方法甲基化特异性PCR （ methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction , MSP）法分析60例组织学正常的涎腺组织中E-钙黏蛋白（cadherin）, p16, RASSF1A,DAPK和MGMT基因启动子区的甲基化水平,并与前期研究中涎腺腺样囊性癌中的甲基化水平相比较,同时分析正常涎腺组织中E-cadherin（E-cad）, p16, RASSF1A,DAPK和MGMT基因的甲基化与患者的性别、年龄及吸烟之间的关系。结果13％（8/60）涎腺组织中发现存在甲基化,包括7％（4/60）E-cad,4％（2/60）p16,4％（2/60）RASSF1A,4％（2/60）DAPK,2％（1/60）MGMT。与之前腺样囊性癌中的结果比较,E-cad（P＜0．01）, p16（P＜0．01）, RASSF1A（P＜0．01）,DAPK（P＜0．01）基因的甲基化在肿瘤组织及腺体组织中有明显差异。但涎腺组织中E-cad, p16, RASSF1A,DAPK和MGMT基因的甲基化与患者的性别、年龄及吸烟均无明显的相关性。结论正常的涎腺组织中E-cad, p16, RASSF1A,DAPK 和 MGMT基因的甲基化均为少发事件。     

Tc-99m MIBI uptake and its relation to the proliferative potential of brain tumors

PURPOSE: Many studies have shown that the S-phase fraction is a reflection of the proliferation potential of tumors, and DNA aneuploidy is more common in malignant tumors. In this preliminary study, the authors assessed the Tc-99m MIBI uptake of brain tumors and its relation to tumor grade and DNA content of the tumor cells. METHODS: Ten patients (eight male, two female; mean age, 53.2 +/- 6.11 years) with untreated brain tumors were included in the study. SPECT imaging was performed 20 minutes after injection of 740 MBq (20 mCi) Tc-99m MIBI. A single detector camera with a low-energy high-resolution collimator was used for image acquisition. A region of interest was drawn in the tumor area under magnetic resonance guidance. A Tc-99m MIBI uptake index was computed as the mean tumor-to-background ratio. Flow cytometric analysis of fresh tumor tissue specimens was performed immediately. The percentages of cells in the G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases were determined for each patient. RESULTS: DNA aneuploidy was found in 4 (49%) patients, whereas diploidy was found in 6 (60%) patients. There was a significant positive correlation between the Tc-99m MIBI uptake and the percentage of the S-phase fraction of the cell cycle ( = 0.000, r = 0.95). The Tc-99m MIBI index was significantly greater in aneuploid tumors than in diploid tumors ( < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: High-grade brain tumors have increased Tc-99m MIBI uptake compared with that of low-grade tumors. Tc-99m MIBI uptake is correlated with the percentage of the S-phase fraction of the cell and the aneuploidy level of the brain tumor. This preliminary report suggests that Tc-99m MIBI imaging may be useful in the evaluation of the biologic characteristics of brain tumors.     

Flow cytometry studies of the DNA content and proliferation kinetics of human tumors

The authors investigate if cytometric parameters can be used for discerning malignant and benign tumors as well as for the prognostic classification of malignant tumors. Measures on leukemias, brain and prostate tumors, colorectal carcinomas, and renal carcinomas taken by some study groups of the Institute of Biophysics and Radiobiology are cited and discussed with respect to the above mentioned aspects. The analysis showed that fractions of cells in phases of the cellular cycle as indicators of the proliferation rate are only of little diagnostic value because of the too great zone of dispersion. Especially the differentiation between benign and malignant tumors is not clear enough. In case of renal carcinomas, however, there is a marked correlation between prognosis and aneuploidy measured by cytometry. Thus the DNA index as a quantitative parameter of aneuploidy seems to be also of clinical interest for the determination of malignancy.     

Flow cytometry as a tool for the prognostic assessment of patients with lung and ovarian carcinomas

In two cooperative studies surgical specimens of 187 tumors of patients with non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) and 37 tumors of patients with ovarian carcinomas (OC) were investigated by means of flow cytometry (ICP-22). From NSCLC30 cases were classified as tumors with DNA diploidy, 119 as tumors with DNA aneuploidy containing one abnormal DNA stemline, and 38 as tumors with DNA aneuploidy containing more than one abnormal DNA stemline. Seven tumors of patients with OC were classified as tumors with DNA diploidy, and 31 as tumors with DNA aneuploidy (three cases had more than one abnormal DNA stemline). The DNA index values of NSCLC range from 0.7 to 4.5 and the values of OC from 0.8 to 2.7 (DNA diploid = 1). A relationship between DNA content and distribution of the cell cycle phases was observed. The results of DNA content analysis have prognostic importance with regard to the length of survival time. Patients with aneuploid and high proliferative tumors had shorter survival times than did those with diploid or near diploid tumors and tumors with low proliferative activity.     

原发性肝细胞癌RNA,DNA含量测定及临床意义

目的　探讨原发性肝细胞癌RNA ,DNA定量测定的临床意义。方法　应用流式细胞分析技术 ,对 6 4例原发性肝细胞癌 (PHC)RNA ,DNA含量进行定量分析 ,并对病人进行 1～ 5 5年的随访。结果　RNA指标和DNA指标对PHC的临床病理诊断符合率分别为 93 7%和 75 0 % ,RNA指标更敏感 ,双指标联合应用与临床病理诊断符合率为 96 8% ;DNA倍体与年龄、HCV感染密切相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,与性别、AFP水平、HBsAg及瘤体大小无关 ;DI随组织学分级的增高而增加 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,RNA和DNA含量与预后密切相关 (P <0 .0 1～ 0 .0 5 )。结论　RNA ,DNA含量可作为PHC诊断及判断预后的理想指标 ,RNA及DNA双指标同时应用优于其中任一单项指标。     

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose imaging in preoperative diagnosis of thyroid malignancy

Fourteen human thyroid tumors were studied with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) imaging. The proliferative activity and DNA ploidy of the tumors was assessed by DNA flow cytometry. FDG accumulated in a Hürthle cell carcinoma, an anaplastic carcinoma and a thyroid lymphoma, but only slightly or not at all in the three papillary carcinomas studied. Three of the eight benign tumors also accumulated FDG, but two of these were selected for imaging because of a large number of proliferating cells in DNA flow cytometry. Two carcinomas with increased nuclear DNA content retained FDG, but a histologically benign follicular adenoma with DNA aneuploidy did not. We conclude that in addition to malignant thyroid tumors, histologically benign tumors may also accumulate FDG, and therefore the value of FDG scanning in the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid malignancy is limited.     

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose imaging in preoperative diagnosis of thyroid malignancy

Fourteen human thyroid tumors were studied with ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) imaging. The proliferative activity and DNA ploidy of the tumors was assessed by DNA flow cytometry. FDG accumulated in a Hürthle cell carcinoma, an anaplastic carcinoma and a thyroid lymphoma, but only slightly or not at all in the three papillary carcinomas studied. Three of the eight benign tumors also accumulated FDG, but two of these were selected for imaging because of a large number of proliferating cells in DNA flow cytometry. Two carcinomas with increased nuclear DNA content retained FDG, but a histologically benign follicular adenoma with DNA aneuploidy did not. We conclude that in addition to malignant thyroid tumors, histologically benign tumors may also accumulate FDG, and therefore the value of FDG scanning in the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid malignancy is limited.     

Flow cytophotometric measurements before and during radiotherapy of head and neck tumors

The DNA index and proliferation activities were determined by flow cytophotometry in 59 tumors of the head and neck area. 35 tumors (59%) were aneuploid, 24 (41%) were diploid. Aneuploid tumors showed a tendency to increased formation of lymph node metastases, an increased risk of relapse as well as a shorter relapse-free interval. No correlation was found between the primary tumor stage and the incidence of aneuploid tumors. Whereas aneuploid tumors developed frequently regional recurrences, only local recurrences were observed in diploid tumors. A number of biopsies was additionally performed during radiotherapy in twelve tumors. After 10 or 20 Gy, aneuploid tumors showed a considerably increased number of S and S2 + M phase cells. In diploid tumors, substantial modifications of the cell cycle phases were not found, because it is not possible in these cases to distinguish between normal cells and tumor cells.     

Flow cytometric DNA analysis of excised breast lesions: use of fresh tissue needle aspirates obtained under guidance with mammography of the specimen.

Eighty consecutive biopsy specimens were studied to determine whether DNA analysis could be performed on fine-needle aspirates of excised clinically occult breast lesions obtained under guidance with mammography of the specimen before fixation to offer the advantages of fresh-tissue analysis. With use of single aspirates, cytologic analysis was possible in 50 cases (62%); DNA analysis was possible in 75 cases (94%). These methods combined offered no statistically significant increase in sensitivity for detection of malignancy compared with cytologic analysis alone. Forty-one percent of the analyzable invasive carcinomas showed aneuploidy. Aneuploidy and high S phase fractions of the invasive carcinomas showed no substantial correlation with patient age, nodal status, and size or appearance of the mammographic lesion. Aneuploidy was also seen in zero of four analyzable lesions showing ductal carcinoma in situ, two of 13 showing atypical hyperplasia (15%), and one of the 28 remaining benign lesions (4%). The authors conclude that this mammographic intervention is an effective means of obtaining fresh tissue samples of clinically occult lesions for DNA analysis.     

慢性胃炎与胃癌DNA流式细胞计分析及其临床意义

应用流式细胞技术对正常胃粘膜19例、慢性浅表性胃炎(CSG)25例、慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)25例和胃癌34例进行细胞DNA含量和细胞周期时相分析。21例胃癌(62.4％)和1例伴中度不典型增生的CAG出现非整倍体。S期细胞百分率均值在胃癌组显著高于其他各组(P<0.01～0.05),CAG组显著高于CSG组(P<0.05),CSG组与正常组无明显差异(P>0.05)。结果提示:细胞DNA含量测定和细胞周期时相分析对早期发现癌变趋势具有重要意义。