光动力疗法联合局部化疗治疗上消化道癌的研究

为了提高光动力疗法（ＰＤＴ）的治癌效果，应用ＰＤＴ与瘤内注射氟尿嘧啶（５－Ｆｕ）治疗小鼠前胃癌移植瘤。治疗后各组移植瘤细胞ＤＮＡ含量和标记指数（ＬＩ）均较治疗前明显减少，而联合治疗组的减少较单纯ＰＤＴ或瘤内注射５－Ｆｕ组更为显著。又应用ＰＤＴ治疗进展期食管、贲门癌患者８０例，并对其中４０例联合应用内镜下局部注射５－Ｆｕ。结果：ＰＤＴ组的近期显效率为２２．５％（９／４０），联合治疗组显效率为４５．０％（１８／４０），高于ＰＤＴ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。病例随访１２月～１８月，联合治疗组的平均生存期（３７４天）较ＰＤＴ组（２６６天）延长（Ｐ＜０．０１）。认为ＰＤＴ与局部注射５－Ｆｕ联合治疗上消化道癌，能协同提高ＰＤＴ的治疗效果。     

鼻内窥镜下Nd∶YAG激光手术配合术后放疗治疗复发性和残余性鼻咽癌疗效观察

目的　探讨激光手术加放疗治疗复发性和残余性鼻咽癌的可行性和临床疗效。方法　６１ 例鼻咽癌患者,采用激光加放疗方法治疗者（激光加放疗组）３５ 例,其中２８ 例为复发性、７ 例为残余性鼻咽癌;单纯采用放疗者（ 单纯放疗组）２６ 例,其中复发性者２０ 例,残余性者６ 例。两组放疗术后复发时间及肿瘤ＴＮＭ 分期无显著性差异。激光加放疗组在鼻内窥镜下用Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光（功率５０ Ｗ） 汽化切除肿瘤病灶,术后２ 周行６０Ｃｏ 外照射,剂量为２０～３０ Ｇｙ。单纯放疗组分别选用颈面联合野、鼻前野、颈后切线野行６０Ｃｏ 外照射,剂量为４０～６０ Ｇｙ。以放疗结束后６ 个月鼻咽肿瘤消失情况进行疗效评价。结果　激光加放疗组肿瘤完全消失率为６５－７％ （２３／３５）,部分消失率为２８－６ ％ （１０／３５）;单纯放疗组肿瘤完全消失率为１５－４％（４／２６）,部分消失率３４－６ ％（９／２６） ,两组肿瘤完全消失率比较,差异有非常显著意义（χ２＝ １１－２,Ｐ＜０－０１）。结论　鼻内窥镜下Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光手术加放疗是治疗复发性和残余性鼻咽癌的有效手段。     

5-氨基酮戊酸光动力学疗法治疗Bowen病

目的探讨５－氨基酮戊酸（ＡＬＡ）光动力学疗法（ＰＤＴ）治疗Ｂｏｗｅｎ病的疗效。方法５例Ｂｏｗｅｎ病患者皮损发生于腹部及股部，面积３．２ｃｍ×３０ｃｍ至４．５ｃｍ×３０ｃｍ，均经病理组织学检查确诊。局部外用新鲜配制的２０％ＡＬＡ霜，３ｈ后用波长６３２．８ｎｍ的ＨｅＮｅ激光照射，激光机输出功率为１００ｍＷ，每次光剂量６０～１００Ｊ／ｃｍ２，照射时间８～１５ｍｉｎ。结果经１次（１例）和４次（４例）治疗后，患者皮损完全消退，恢复正常皮纹。随访６～１６个月，未见复发。结论ＡＬＡ－ＰＤＴ治疗Ｂｏｗｅｎ病简单、有效、耐受性好，为大面积Ｂｏｗｅｎ病的治疗提供了新思路     

光动力学疗法治疗中鲜红斑痣治疗区的反应

目的 探讨光动力学疗法（ＰＤＴ）治疗过程中鲜红斑痣治疗区的反应特点及共与病变分型、粢九及儿间的关系,为确定最佳照射时间提供客观指标。方法 对１２８例鲜红斑痣患者的红斑区共分１４７个治疗灶（病灶分型粉红型２３个,紫红型８６个,增厚型３８个）行ＰＤＴ治疗。边静脉推注血卟啉单甲醚（４．５～６．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）边对炳灶给予铜蒸气激光（波长为５１０．６和５７８．２ｎｍ）照射,光斑直径５～９ｃｍ,功率密度８０～     

雌激素替代疗法对绝经后妇女冠心病患者血脂及胰岛素抵抗的近期影响

为探索小剂量雌激素（Ｅ）及Ｅ与孕激素（Ｐ）联合应用对妇女冠心病（ＣＨＤ）的防治机制。将１０８例绝经１年以上的ＣＨＤ患者随机分为３组各３６例，甲组口服ｐｒｅｍａｒｉｎ（倍美力）０．６２５ｍｇ１／ｄ，乙组口服ｌｉｖｉａｌ（利维爱）２．５ｍｇ，１／ｄ，丙组口服安慰剂１片／ｄ，于服药前及服药第３、６个月末检测血浆性激素、血脂谱、糖代谢等各项指标的变化情况。结果显示，ｐｒｅｍａｒｉｎ治疗３个月后可使ＴＣ降低１２．８％，ＴＧ降低１７％，ＬＤＬ－Ｃ降低２９％，ＨＤＬ－Ｃ上升１４．６％，Ｉｎｓ降低３７．８％，１／ＳＧ．Ｉｎｓ上升１倍（Ｐ均＜０．０１），６个月时与３个月治疗效果相同。而ＳＧ治疗前后无显著变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ｌｉｖｉａｌ治疗３个月及６个月时ＴＣ降低８．７％，ＴＧ分别降低１５．６４及３３．８％、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ降低１９．７％及２８．３％（Ｐ均＜０．０１），ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、Ｉｎｓ、ＳＧ水平１／ＳＧ．Ｉｎｓ比值治疗前后无显著变化。安慰剂组治疗前后各指标均无显著变化。表明单用小剂量Ｅ可显著改善绝经后妇女ＣＨＤ患者的异常血脂谱、胰岛素抵抗，其作用显著优于Ｅ＋Ｐ联合疗法。     

静脉内注射~（99m）Tc－MAA测定静动脉分流率的研究

采用吸纯氧法及用锝９９ｍ（~（９９ｍ）Ｔｃ）标记的人体大颗粒聚合白蛋白（ＭＡＡ）静脉注射法测定２５名健康人及３０例慢性阻塞性肺病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者的静动脉分流率。吸纯氧法测得健康组及ＣＯＰＤ组Ｑｓ／ＱＴ分别为２．９±２．６％、６．４±４．５％，两者差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。核素法测得健康组ＣＯＰＤ组Ｑｓ／ＱＴ分别为１．２±０．７％、４．６±２．４％，两者差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。吸纯氧法测得ＣＯＰＤ组Ｑｓ／ＱＴ的均值（６．４％）是对照均值（３．９％）的２．２倍，而核素法测得ＣＯＰＤ组的均值（４．６％）是对照组（１．２％）的３．８倍，两者差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示：核素法是一种较之吸纯氧法灵敏、可靠、简便的测定Ｑｓ／ＱＴ的方法     

光动力学疗法与局部化疗联合治疗上消化道肿瘤的疗效观察

作者应用光动力学疗法（ＰＤＴ）对进展期上消化道肿瘤５３例进行治疗，并对其中１３例联合应用内镜下局部注射抗癌药物。结果：联合治疗组的近期显效率高于单纯ＰＤＴ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。病例随访６～１５月，联合治疗组的平均生存期较单纯ＰＤＴ组延长（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果表明，ＰＤＴ与局部注射５－Ｆｕ联合应用对治疗进展期上消化道肿瘤安全而有效，并能提高ＰＤＴ的治疗效果。     

苯并卟啉衍生物对小鼠肉瘤180的光动力疗效

目的探讨包括苯并卟啉衍生物单酸环Ａ（ＢｐＤＭＡ）在内的８种苯并卟啉衍生物对小鼠肉瘤１８０的光动力治疗效果。方法荷肉瘤１８０小鼠分别按６μｇ／ｇ和２μｇ／ｇ的剂量静脉注射ＢｐＤ,１．５ｈ后用波长６３０ｎｍ的铜蒸气染料激光照射,激光功率密度为１８０ｍＷ／ｃｍ２,照射时间２０ｍｉｎ,每次光剂量１５０Ｊ／ｃｍ２。同时设相同剂量血卟啉衍生物（ＨｐＤ）对照组和空白对照组。结果６μｇ／ｇ剂量时,８种ＢｐＤ中有５种对小鼠肉瘤１８０的治愈率接近或超过４０％,明显高于ＨｐＤ的１０％。其中ＢｐＤＭＡ的疗效最好,治愈率高达８０％,以下依次为８甲氧乙基ＢｐＤ（６０％）、３甲氧乙基ＢｐＤ（５０％）、８羟乙基ＢｐＤ（４０％）和ＢｐＤ单酸环Ｂ（３７５％）。２μｇ／ｇ剂量时,这５种ＢｐＤ对肉瘤１８０的抑制率分别为７７．５％、７０．８％、６８．２％、５０．９％和４５７％。与ＨｐＤ对照组比较,治疗后平均瘤重的差异均有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论ＢｐＤ是一类疗效较好的光化学治疗药物,为研究开发光敏剂新药提供了思路。     

~（153）Sm－EDTMP治疗多发性骨转移癌的临床研究

用~（１５３）Ｓｍ－乙二胺四亚甲基磷酸（ＥＤＴＭＰ）治疗４１例多发性骨转移癌，其原发癌均有病理检查证实，按１４．８～２９．６ＭＢｑ／ｋｇ计算，每次剂量范围７４０～２１０９ＭＢｑ．一般病人接受１～３次治疗，１例接受５次．两次治疗间隔３～５周．止痛有效率为９２．７％（３８／４１），治疗后部分病人骨转移灶缩小变淡和消退．文中讨论了剂量、不良反应和影响疗效的因素等，认为用~（１５３）Ｓｍ－ＥＤＴＭＰ治疗多发性骨转移癌疗效好，副反应小，使用安全，值得临床推广应用．     

半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝治疗青光眼

目的评估半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝治疗青光眼的疗效及安全性。方法对１０２例患者的１０５只药物无法控制眼压且又不宜行滤过手术的重症青光眼（眼压３４～８２ｍｍＨｇ,平均４４ｍｍＨｇ±１１ｍｍＨｇ）,通过Ｇ探头行半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝治疗,激光功率１５～２０Ｗ,脉冲时间２ｓ,避开颞侧９０°,在剩余的２７０°范围内击射１２～２０点,点间距２ｍｍ。以激光治疗后眼压≤２１ｍｍＨｇ且除外眼球萎缩为治疗成功。结果治疗后经过６～１８个月（平均１２．５个月）的随访观察,治疗成功率达７２．４％（７６／１０５）,疼痛控制率为９５．２％（５９／６２）。治疗后平均眼压为２０ｍｍＨｇ±８ｍｍＨｇ,较治疗前下降５５％（Ｐ＜０．００１）。每天使用降眼压药物次数由治疗前的２７±０９减至１３±１１,减少５２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。晚期并发症有慢性色素膜炎（５眼,４．８％）、眼球萎缩（４眼,３．８％）、光感丧失（４眼,３．８％）和低眼压（３眼,２．９％）。结论半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝是治疗难治性青光眼相对安全、简便、副作用小的有效方法。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.