球部幽门螺杆菌感染与不同期十二指肠溃疡的关系

目的研究十二指肠溃疡（ＤＵ）的胃镜下和组织学愈合是否受球部幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）感染的影响。方法对７０例活动期ＤＵ（Ａ）和４０例瘢痕期ＤＵ（Ｓ组）患者溃疡边缘粘膜活检标本采用快速尿素酶试验和改良姬姆萨染色检测Ｈｐ,并对粘膜固有层内中性多形核白细胞（ＰＭＮ）浸润状态进行观察。结果Ｓ组和Ａ组Ｈｐ阳性率各为６００％和７１４％,差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。Ｓ组和Ａ组中Ｈｐ阳性者ＰＭＮ浸润率和ＰＭＮ计数（各为９１７％;２０３±０．５１和１０００％;２３４±０．４０）分别明显高于（Ｐ均＜００１）其Ｈｐ阴性者（各为５６３％;０６７±０．２９和６５０％;１１１±０．３２）。在Ｈｐ阳性者,Ｓ组ＰＭＮ浸润率和ＰＭＮ计数均与Ａ组相近（Ｐ＞０．０５）;在Ｈｐ阴性者,Ｓ组仅ＰＭＮ浸润与Ａ组相近（Ｐ＞０．０５）,其ＰＭＮ计数则明显低于Ａ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论ＤＵ的胃镜下愈合可不受球部Ｈｐ感染的影响,但后者与溃疡边缘粘膜活动性炎症密切相关从而使ＤＵ的组织学愈合质量明显受其影响。     

冬虫夏草多糖治疗慢性丙型肝炎患者的临床研究

目的研究冬虫夏草多糖（ＣＰ）治疗慢性丙型肝炎的疗效．方法慢性丙型肝炎患者２１例，口服ＣＰ１５ｍＬ，３次／ｄ，连服３ｍｏ，治疗前后检测肝功能、血清肝纤维化标志物外周血Ｔ细胞亚群及ＮＫ活性的变化．结果慢性丙型肝炎患者经ＣＰ治疗后，血清ＡＬＴ（Ｕ／Ｌ，６１±３５ｖｓ３５±１５）及ｒＧＴ（Ｕ／Ｌ，１６９±８５ｖｓ１１８±５２）较治疗前显著降低（Ｐ＜００５）．血清ＨＡ（μｇ／Ｌ，２９３±１０９ｖｓ２１４±９６）、ＰⅢＰ（μｇ／Ｌ，１４３±４８ｖｓ１１４±４２）及ＣⅣ（μｇ／Ｌ，２４５±９８ｖｓ１８８±８７）均较治疗前显著下降（Ｐ＜００１，＜００５及＜００５）；ＣＤ４（３６４％±６６％ｖｓ４１０％±５６％）、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８（１１４±０４０ｖｓ１４３±０２２）、ＮＫ（１６７％±４６％ｖｓ１９７％±４２％）均较治疗前显著增加（Ｐ＜００１），而ＣＤ８（３２６％±４７％ｖｓ２８９％±３７％）则明显降低（Ｐ＜００５）；血清胆红素略减、清蛋白略增但差异均无显著性．结论冬虫夏草多糖可以增强慢性丙型肝炎患者细胞免疫功能，改善肝功能，并具有一定的抗纤维化作用     

柳氮磺胺吡啶对大鼠乙酸性溃疡性结肠炎肠组织中氧自由基的影响

目的探讨柳氮磺胺吡啶（ＳＡＳＰ）治疗大鼠乙酸性溃疡性结肠炎（ＵＣ）时清除氧自由基（ＯＦＲ）的特性．方法ＳＡＳＰ灌胃治疗大鼠乙酸性ＵＣ后，检测肠组织中的超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量，评价其炎症指数，并与生理盐水（ＮＳ）治疗对照组比较．结果ＳＡＳＰ组和ＮＳ组ＳＯＤ含量（Ｕ／ｇ）分别为７９９８±３４４１和６３６４±２４５５．ＳＡＳＰ组和ＮＳ组ＭＤＡ含量（ｎｍｏｌ／ｇ）分别为２１５６±２０８、３５２４±４４８．ＮＳ组和ＳＡＳＰ组炎症指数分别为１６５±５１９、６３０±１２５．ＳＡＳＰ组ＳＯＤ含量显著高于ＮＳ组（７９９８±３４４１对６３６４±２４５５，Ｐ＜００１），ＳＡＳＰ组ＭＤＡ含量明显低于ＮＳ组（２１５６±２０８对３５２４±４４８，Ｐ＜００１）．ＮＳ组炎症指数明显高于ＳＡＳＰ组（１６５±５１９对６３０±１２５，Ｐ＜００１）．结论ＳＡＳＰ为氧自由基清除剂，是治疗溃疡性结肠炎的主要机理之一．     

尿毒症患者的体表胃电图研究

目的应用体表胃电图研究尿毒症患者是否存在胃肌电活动损害．方法应用双电极ＤｉｇｇｔｒａｐｐｅｒＥＧＧ对２５例有胃肠道症状的尿毒症患者和２５例健康志愿者进行餐前、餐后各３０ｍｉｎ胃电图检查，试餐２００８３２ＫＪ（１００ｇ营养麦片，２００ｍＬ开水）．结果健康组餐前主频（ＤＦ）、主功率（ＤＰ）及正常节律百分比（Ｎ％）分别为２９ｍｉｎ－１±０１ｍｉｎ－１，５７６ｂｐ±１５２ｂｐ，９０９％±１９％；餐后：３０ｍｉｎ－１±０１ｍｉｎ－１，２１２７８ｂｐ±７２５ｂｐ（Ｐ＜００１），９２６％±２１％．尿毒症组餐前ＤＦ、ＤＰ、Ｎ％分别为１１ｍｉｎ－１±０２ｍｉｎ－１，６５０４ｂｐ±４８０ｂｐ，４７０％±３９％；餐后１２ｍｉｎ－１±０２ｍｉｎ－１，３６４８ｂｐ±２４５ｂｐ，３３８％±３１％．以上结果与健康组相比均有显著性差异．结论尿毒症患者存在胃电节律紊乱，此种节律紊乱主要表现在正常节律百分比明显下降及餐后功率降低，提示尿毒症患者存在胃肌电活动异常．ＥＧＧ作为一种无创性胃动力检查方法，可用于严重肾功能衰竭、尿毒症患者的临床及研究工作     

己酮可可碱对实验性犬呼吸窘迫综合征肺内白细胞的干预作用

在犬脂肪型呼吸窘迫综合征（ＲＤＳ）模型，观察己酮可可碱（ＰＴＸ）对肺内多形核白细胞（ＰＭＮ）、肺泡巨噬细胞（ＡＭ）的作用，结果发现经ＰＴＸ治疗后，肺内ＰＭＮ聚集、浸润减少，支气管肺泡灌洗液中白细胞数由致伤组的２．９２×１０￣８降至治疗组的１．２１×１０￣８（ｐ＜０．００１），ＰＭＮ所占细胞比由致伤组的３５．４％减少为治疗组的１４．３％（Ｐ＜０．０１），治疗组ＡＭ释放的白细胞介素＿１及肿瘤坏死因子明显低于致伤组（Ｐ＜０．００１，Ｐ＜０．０５）．结果表明，ＰＴＸ对ＲＤＳ肺内ＰＭＮ及ＡＭ均具有抑制作用，为ＰＴＸ防治ＡＲＤＳ提供了依据。     

武汉地区Ⅱ型糖尿病患者冠心病与载脂蛋白E基因型的关系

应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术，对随机选择的１２５例ＮＩＤＤＭ患者和５０例非ＤＭ患者进行ＡｐｏＥ基因型检测，以研究ＮＩＤＤＭ患者ＣＨＤ与ＡｐｏＥ基因型间的关系。结果表明，ＮＩＤＤＭ患者心肌梗塞和缺血性心电图改变在Ａｐｏε４／４和ε４／３型组中发生率分别为２１％和４１％，但不同基因型组间差异无显著性。心绞痛在Ａｐｏε４／４和ε４／３型组中为５２％，显著高于ε３／３型组（３１％，Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ａｐｏε４／４和ε４／３型ＮＩＤＤＭ患者，任何证据的ＣＨＤ发生率为７２％，显著高于ε３／３型组（３７％）及ε２／２、ε３／２型组（３３％，Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＮＩＤＤＭ患者中ＣＨＤ组Ａｐｏε３／３和ε４／３基因型频率分别为５２％和３４％，分别低于（ε３／３）、高于（ε４／３）非ＣＨＤ组（７１％，Ｐ＜０．０５；１０％，Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＣＨＤ组ε４等位基因频率为２１％，明显高于非ＣＨＤ组（７％，Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示Ａｐｏε４／４和ε４／３为ＮＩＤＤＭ患者ＣＨＤ的重要危险指标。     

用流式细胞术分析双氯青蒿素对杜氏利什曼原虫DNA的作用

应用流式细胞术检测了分析了双氢青蒿素对杜氏利什曼虫前鞭毛体ＤＮＡ的作用。４个不同浓度的药物对虫体ＤＮＡ均有抑制作用，用药组虫体ＤＮＡ含量的荧光分布随着药物浓度的升高而减弱，抑制率分别为３２．３％，３２．６％，８６．４％，８９．２％，与对照组相比有显著性差异，后两个用药组与前两个用药组抑制率有显著性差异。本研究结果与光镜观察，＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入试结果一致。     

汉族类风湿关节炎患者HLA—DR和—DQ基因分型研究

为探讨ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ和－ＤＱ等位基因与我国汉族类风湿关节炎（ＲＡ）的相关性，采用聚合酶链反应－限制性内切酶片段长度多态性分析（ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ）方法对汉族人群中３５例ＲＡ患者和１００名健康人的ＤＲ和ＤＱ位点进行ＤＮＡ定型分析。结果发现，ＤＲ４频率在正常人为２４．０％，在ＲＡ患者为５１．４％（Ｐ＜０．０１，ＲＲ＝３．３０）；ＤＲ４亚型位点分析发现２组均以ＤＲＢ１＊０４０５占多数，但ＤＲＢ１＊０４０５频率在ＲＡ组为３１．４％，高于正常人的１０．０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＤＱ４频率在全部ＲＡ患者为３７．１％，在ＤＲ＋４ＲＡ患者为７２．２％，均高于全部正常人的１０．０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和ＤＲ＋４正常人的４１．６％（Ｐ＝０．０３７６）；ＤＲ＋４－ＤＱ＋４ＲＡ患者的病情重于ＤＲ－４患者。结果提示，ＤＲ４、主要是ＤＲＢ１＊０４０５与ＲＡ相关，ＤＱ４可增加ＤＲ４对ＲＡ的易感性，ＤＲ＋４－ＤＱ＋４单倍型是ＲＡ病情严重程度的标志。     

不同化疗方案治疗老年人急性髓系白血病疗效观察

４５例老年人急性髓系白血病经不同化疗方案治疗，ＨＡ方案剂量个体化组治疗１９例，完全缓解（ＣＲ）率５２６％；ＤＡ方案组治疗８例，ＣＲ率５０％；ＨＯＡＰ方案组治疗９例，ＣＲ率４４４％；小剂量阿糖胞苷（ＬＤＡｒａＣ）组治疗９例，ＣＲ率１１１％。ＨＡ方案剂量个体化组ＣＲ率显著高于ＬＤＡｒａＣ组（Ｐ＜００５）。骨髓抑制的发生率和治疗相关病死率分别为３６８％和５６％（ＨＡ）、７５％和３７５％（ＤＡ）、４４４％和２２２％（ＨＯＡＰ）、３３３％和１１１％（ＬＤＡｒａＣ），ＤＡ方案组治疗相关病死率显著高于ＨＡ方案剂量个体化组（Ｐ＜００２５）。联合化疗治疗３６例，ＣＲ率为５０％，高于单用ＬＤＡｒａＣ组（Ｐ＜００５），骨髓抑制发生率为４７２％（１７／３６），治疗相关病死率为１６７％（６／３６），同ＬＤＡｒａＣ组比较无显著性（Ｐ＞００５）。     

双氢青蒿素对杜氏利什曼原虫前鞭毛体作用体外实验研究

观察双氢青蒿素在不同浓度、不同时间对杜氏利什曼原虫（Ｌ．ｄ）汶川株及Ｌ．ｄ山东株前鞭毛体的体外作用。采用镜下观察及胸腺嘧啶核苷（３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）掺入试验。结果：（１）镜下观察：实验组３个不同浓度（１４．１×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、７．１×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、３．５３×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的药物作用４８ｈ后,培养基颜色未变（红）,虫体活动变慢以至几乎不动,虫数减少,抑制率升高（Ｌ．ｄ汶川株的抑制率由７３％升至８６％,Ｌ．ｄ山东株由６９．４％升至９７．５％）,染色后见虫体变形,核、动基体不完整,胞质内出现多个空泡,鞭毛脱落。对照组的培养基颜色变黄,虫体活跃,大部分呈长梭形,并排成菊花状。染色后虫体呈长梭形,核、动基体、鞭毛、胞膜完整、清晰。（２）３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入试验：双氢青蒿素在３．５３×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ２４ｈ即对两株有抑制作用（Ｌ．ｄ汶川株抑制率６５．８％,山东株为９３．４％）。但随着药物浓度的升高,作用时间的延长,抑制作用没有明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）。对Ｌ．ｄ山东株的抑制作用较Ｌ．ｄ汶川株为强。本文为首次报道双氢青蒿素对杜氏利什曼原虫具有较强的体外抑制作用。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.