完全植入式静脉输液港相关感染的危险因素

目的了解完全植入式静脉输液港相关感染发病情况,探讨其危险因素。方法选取河南省某三甲医院2013年1月—2016年12月使用完全植入式静脉输液港的2 098例乳腺癌患者为研究对象。采用巢式病例对照研究方法,以监测期间出现输液港相关感染的26例患者为病例组,按照1∶2的比例,随机选取同期进行该类手术的52例患者为对照组,比较两组在一般资料、研究指标方面的差异。采用logistic回归模型进行输液港相关感染的危险因素分析。结果监测期间,输液港植入患者共置管274 838 d,26例患者发生输液港相关感染,发病率为1.24%,日发病率为0.09‰;感染病原体以表皮葡萄球菌为主(占30.77%);有糖尿病史(OR=3.61,95%CI:1.27~10.11)、置港时长≥90 d(OR=4.71,95%CI:1.65~13.22)、手术时长≥40 min(OR=3.60,95%CI:1.34~9.64)为患者发生输液港相关感染的独立危险因素。结论应加强对植入输液港患者的监测和随访,特别是对患有糖尿病、置管时间长、手术时间长的患者更应密切关注,以利于输液港相关感染的预防与控制。     

Catheter fracture and embolization in a totally implanted venous access catheter

A totally implanted venous access system was placed in a 24-year-old male patient with Hodgkins disease for chemotherapy. Twelve months after implantation it was noted on chest x-ray that the catheter had fractured and the distal fragment embolized to the right ventricle. Catheter separation and embolization is a recognized but uncommon complication of Hickman catheters. It is an even rarer complication of implanted central venous catheters. With the increasing use of these new venous access systems this complication may become a more prevalent, but an avoidable complication.     

消化系统恶性肿瘤患者经数字减影血管造影引导植入静脉输液港的应用

目的　探讨消化系统恶性肿瘤患者经数字减影血管造影（DSA）引导下植入静脉输液港的安全性、可行性及临床应用价值。方法　回顾性分析2013年4月至2016年1月在DSA引导下植入静脉输液港的15例消化系统恶性肿瘤患者的病例资料,记录输液港并发症、输液港留置时间,调查患者对输液港使用的满意度,用配对秩和检验比较输液港植入前后患者生活质量的差异。结果　15例消化系统恶性肿瘤患者完成静脉输液港植入术,手术成功率100%,一次性静脉穿刺成功率为100%。并发症的发生率为6.67％ (1/15),发生在植入术后第8个月,表现为颈部牵拉感。输液港留置时间2～28个月,中位留置时间9个月。对输液港的满意度为86.67%（13/15）。输液港植入前后患者生活质量好的比例分别为46.67%（7/15）、100%(15/15),差异有统计学意义（Z=-3.416,P=0.000）。结论　DSA引导下在消化系统恶性肿瘤患者中植入静脉输液港操作安全、可行,并发症少,提高患者生活质量和满意度,值得在临床上推广。     

完全植入式输液港术后1周感染预测模型的构建与验证

目的 探讨完全植入式输液港(TIVAP)术后1周内发生感染的危险因素,并建立预测模型。方法 纳入行TIVAP术患者650例,其中,2017年1月—2022年1月480例作为建模集,2022年2月—2023年3月170例作为验证集。建模集按是否发生术后感染分为感染组17例和非感染组463例。使用t检验和χ²检验比较两组患者的一般情况及临床特征,二分类logistic回归分析术后感染的危险因素。通过列线图对预测模型进行可视化表达。结果 建模集感染组17例患者中6例为切口感染,10例为囊袋感染,仅1例为血流感染。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥65岁[OR=3.093,95%CI:1.048～9.128,P=0.041]、手术时间≥2 h[OR=3.286,95%CI:1.008～10.716,P=0.049],以及囊袋血肿[OR=20.200,95%CI:6.750～60.455,P<0.001]是TIVAP术后感染的独立危险因素。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线显示曲线下面积为0.833,灵敏度为70.6%,特异度为88.1%。校准曲线分析显示预测模型与实际发...     

Percutaneous vs. totally implantable catheters in home parenteral nutrition

The technique of the implementation of Home Parenteral Nutrition (HPN) is improving continuously so carrying minimum risk of technical complications and supplying maximum comfort for the patient. For example the HPN benefits of the recent availability of Ethil-Vinil-Acetate (EVA) bags that permit the contemporary administration of all nutrients, lipids included, and of infusion pumps which are lighter, safer and more versatile and which have rechargeable batteries. Some new types of completely implantable catheters with a subcutaneous reservoir present a better rationale compared with complications and with patient's compliance in respect of traditional percutaneous catheters used in HPN. We wanted to verify these presuppositions in a retrospective study with a completely implantable catheter, Port-A-Cath (PAC) Pharmacia, with a group of six patients already under HPN for a period of 901 patient-days with a percutaneous catheter. We compared the two methods of treatment after 1114 patient-days with the PAC. Concerning complications, we have three catheter related sepsis (3.3 1000 days) with percutaneous catheter and 1 sepsis (0.9 1000 days) with the PAC. We also had one catheter obstruction in a patient with the PAC implanted in the Inferior Vena Cava. All the patients accepted the new technique and even if they did not have the same motivation, all of them particularly appreciated the possibility of the avoidance of any external device. Our experience leads us to report that the Port-A-Cath system may be useful in long-term parenteral nutrition but other research is needed to confirm its rationale.     

Catheter fracture and embolisation in a totally implanted venous access catheter (TIVAC) following shoulder trauma

A totally implanted intravenous catheter (TIVAC) was placed via the subclavian vein in a 32-year-old male patient with HIV infection for intermittent drug therapy. 8 months after insertion, a catheter fracture was noted with embolisation of the distal part into the heart. This accident was related to shoulder trauma with a downward movement of the clavicle. In active patients alternatives to the subclavian approach for TIVAC need to be considered.     

完全植入式中心静脉输液泵的应用探讨

目的 探讨完全植入式中心静脉输液泵的应用.方法 对217例完全植入式中心静脉输液泵的应用及并发症进行回顾性分析.结果经锁骨下静脉置管胸壁皮下输液泵植入199例,经颈内静脉置管胸壁皮下输液泵植入17例,植入成功率为99.6%(216/217).中心静脉输液泵植入后长期正常使用207例(95.8%),因并发症导致输液泵取出9例(4.2%).相关并发症:锁骨下动脉误穿3例(1.4%),并形成局部血肿1例;导管置入右心室导致室性心动过速1例(0.4%),泵体周围软组织感染5例(2.3%),经抗炎治疗无效并取出2例;导管脱位2例(0.9%);导管堵塞行输液泵取出6例(2.8%),其中导管扭曲3例,导管内血栓形成3例.总体并发症发生率为7.8%.结论 完全植入式中心静脉输液泵可以提供更加长期、安全的静脉通路,植入手术简单,但有一定的并发症发生率,需要注意监测.对于需要长期静脉输液的患者,特别是接受化疗的肿瘤患者具有较高的临床应用价值.     

IVPA与PICC在宫颈癌化疗患者中的应用研究

目的 探讨植入式静脉输液港(LVPA)与外周静脉穿刺中心静脉置管(PICC)在宫颈癌化疗患者中的应用效果,为临床置管应用提供参考.方法 选择2015年1月到2016年12月在西安交通大学第一附属医院和陕西省咸阳市中心医院收治的725例宫颈癌化疗患者为研究对象,依照家庭经济情况及患者、患者家属的意愿,分为IVPA组(305例)和PICC组(420例).比较两组的置管成功率、导管留置时间、导管维护操作时间、导管相关并发症的发生率、患者的置管舒适度及置管的费用等.结果 IVPA与PICC相比,置管成功率显著增高(χ2=4.508,P<0.05)、导管留置时间显著增加(t=52.745,P<0.05)、导管维护操作时间显著减少(t=13.110,P<0.05)、导管相关并发症的发生率显著降低(χ2=26.36,P<0.05)、患者带管期间的置管舒适度显著增加(t=21.399,P<0.05)及置管费用显著减少(t=66.868,P<0.05).结论 对于宫颈癌化疗患者,推荐使用IVPA法,该方式可降低并发症发生率,减少护士工作量及工作强度,提高患者的置管舒适度,降低医疗成本.     

AbioCor totally implantable artificial heart. How will it impact hospitals?

Although heart transplantation remains the most effective treatment for severe heart failure, there are far fewer donor hearts available than there are patients who could benefit from them. One approach to addressing this shortfall is the total artificial heart, or TAH. To date, however, no TAH design has been able to achieve one of the ultimate goals of heart replacement: to allow a patient to live a reasonably normal life without being connected to external machinery. A new design, the AbioCor TAH developed by Abiomed Inc., may make this goal achievable. Thanks to a power system that transfers energy through the skin without the aid of wires, the AbioCor--currently undergoing clinical trials in the United States--allows the patient to be completely mobile. The lack of transcutaneous wires also eliminates the primary source of the infections that have plagued TAH patients in the past. Though it is not without drawbacks, the AbioCor could represent a crucial advance in TAH technology. In this Technology Overview, we describe the operation of the AbioCor and discuss its likely impact on hospitals if it is approved for marketing in the United States. We also discuss a related cardiac-support technology: ventricular assist devices (VADs), which may also be used for permanent cardiac support someday.     

Effects of different rinsing regimen on totally implantable vascular access after 70 days infusion of total parenteral nutrition in vitro

Totally implantable vascular access catheters with injection ports (IP) have been used for total parenteral nutrition (TPN). It is well known that thrombosis may cause occlusion of catheters. Recently we have experienced occlusion of the vascular access chambers in TPN-patients because of precipitation from the solutions. Three different IPs were tested in vitro: Port-A-Cath (PAC), Vascular-Access-Port (VAP), and Implantofix (IMP). Each received a daily infusion of a 2.5-liter solution consisting of fat emulsion, amino acids, glucose, and additives from a "3-liter bag." After infusions, the IPs were washed with three different rinsing methods, one including 45% v/v alcohol. After 70 days the ports were opened and examined for precipitation. Ports washed with alcohol showed no signs of precipitation, while four of six ports which were washed with conventional rinsing methods had precipitates.     

Applications of totally implantable telemetry systems to chronic medical research

The motivation for the development of advanced totally implantable telemetry systems is to improve the quality of medical care through a more detailed understanding of basic physiological processes. Three research protocols in electrophysiology, hepatic hemodynamics, and cardiac pharmacology are described which rely on new implantable instrumentation; these devices allow chronic measurements in the conscious animal of such diverse parameters as aortic and ventricular pressures; atrial, ventricular, and bundle of HIS electrograms; aortic and coronary blood flow, and total hepatic blood flow by measuring velocity profiles in the portal vein and the hepatic artery. The compact size and high reliability now achievable with these telemetry systems provides new tools to the researcher for the study of the body in health and disease.     

Internal fracture of a pediatric broviac catheter

Indwelling central venous catheters have become an integral part of the care of bone marrow transplant patients. Current technology provides the physician with repeated, reliable accesses to the central venous system via centrally placed silastic (Broviac) catheters. This report describes an unusual mechanical complication and a method for catheter salvage.     

Intraperitoneal infusion as a complication of needle catheter feeding jejunostomy

The needle catheter feeding jejunostomy is being increasingly utilized for postoperative nutritional support. We report a case of catheter dislodgement with intraperitoneal infusion of an elemental diet with subsequent peritonitis and death. A review of the literature reveals this complication to occur in 1.5% of patients, even when the serosa of the small bowel has been attached to the anterior abdominal wall. Recommendations are made regarding the prevention and management of such complications.     

Usefulness of exchanging a tunneled central venous catheter using a subcutaneous fibrous sheath

Objectives

The reserve of the venous route to the central veins is important for long-term parenteral nutrition (PN). Frequent catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) induces occlusion of the venous routes. Therefore, a modified exchange procedure using a tunneled central venous catheter (CVC) with a fibrous sheath was developed to preserve the route to the central veins.

Methods

Seven patients who required long-term PN received the modified exchange procedure and the outcome of exchanged CVC was retrospectively reviewed.

Results

The procedure was performed 10 times in seven patients. The venous routes were either the subclavicular or the internal jugular vein in all patients. The exchange of the catheter was due to CRBSI or occlusion in almost all patients. The mean duration of new catheter use was 296.2 days following the exchange. Four catheters continued to be used, and the remaining ones were removed. The reasons for removal were severe CRBSI and occlusion, each of which occurred in two catheterized patients, while the reason for removing the remaining catheters was because the patients no longer needed the catheters.

Conclusion

The modified catheter exchange using fibrous sheath, even in patients with CRBSI, appears to be an effective procedure for reserving the venous route to the central veins in patients who require either long-term PN or other treatments.     

完全植入式静脉输液港三种不同植入方法的首次成功率比较

目的比较完全植入式静脉输液港不同植入方法的首次成功率。方法2002年4月至2012年5月在我院外科连续植入351例静脉输液港,其中头静脉切开植入234例,锁骨下静脉穿刺植入41例,B超引导颈内静脉植入76例,对不同植入方法的首次手术成功率进行比较。结果头静脉切开植入静脉输液港首次成功率为78.6%（184/234）,锁骨下静脉穿刺植入首次成功率为90.2%（37/41）,B超引导经颈内静脉植入首次成功率为100%（76/76）,头静脉切开组与锁骨下静脉穿刺组比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.981,P=0.059）,B超引导颈内静脉穿刺组首次植入成功率高于头静脉切开组（χ2=19.362,P=0.000）和锁骨下静脉穿刺组（χ2=7.677,P=0.014）。头静脉切开组手术并发症发生率为2.2%(4/234),导管植入颈内静脉2例（1.1%）,术后伤口积液2例（1.1%）,另两组均未发生手术并发症。结论完全植入式静脉输液港不同植入方法手术并发症发生率均较低,首选B超引导颈内静脉穿刺植入法。