脾肾静脉间置入造血管分流术54例分析

目的：探讨脾肾静脉间置人造血管分流术治疗门脉高压症的可行性。方法：自1998.12—2002.7月施行脾肾静脉问置人造血管(PTFE)的脾肾静脉分流术治疗门脉高压症54例并进行随访。结果：分流后门脉压力平均下降1．29：kPa，无并发症。1例因肝肾综合征死亡。52例病人随访6—49个月，平均2．9年。彩超示间置人造血管通畅，食道吞钡显示食道静脉曲张改善31例，消失21例，无再出血，无肝性脑病。结论：该术式治疗门脉高压症较传统手术简单安全，疗效确切。     

分流断流联合术治疗肝硬化门脉高压症出血

目的:分析分流术、断流术的利与弊,探讨分流断流联合术式优势互补,治疗门静脉高压症出血的临床疗效。方法:对2001年至2005年4例门静脉高压症出血病人进行脾切除、脾肾静脉分流加贲门周围血管离断术,联合手术进行治疗。结果:4例门静脉压术后较术前平均降低0.89kPa,术后血常规及肝功能恢复正常,腹水消失,无肝性脑病和再出血发生,均康复出院。随访期间无再出血、肝性脑病、腹水及门静脉高压性胃病发生。结论:掌握好适应证开展分流加断流联合手术,在一定程度上能使二者优势互补,是一种理想的治疗门静脉高压症出血的术式。     

应用脾腔分流联合断流术提高门脉高压症的疗效观察

目的:探讨应用脾腔分流联合断流术提高门脉高压症的手术治疗效果.方法:对照分析135例施行脾腔分流联合断流术和120例接受单纯断流术的肝硬化门脉高压症患者的临床资料.结果:脾腔分流联合断流术后的再出血率、门静脉血栓形成率及腹水复发率均明显低于单纯断流术后,而断分流联合组术后肝性脑病发生率及原发性肝癌发生率与断流组无显著差异,围手术期死亡率两组无显著差异.结论:改良脾腔分流联合断流术提高了门脉高压症的疗效,为外科治疗门静脉高压症提供一个较好的思路.     

手术治疗肝硬化门脉高压症26例临床观察

目的 探讨贲门周围血管离断术在肝硬化门脉高压症患者中的疗效.方法 回顾性分析26例肝硬化门脉高压症的临床特点.结果 全组患者无手术死亡,术后14～24d出院.3例患者术后出现腹水,经治疗后消失.随访 15例,9例恢复正常劳动力,6例症状改善,1例因上消化道再出血内科保守治疗,无近期出血、腹腔感染、肝性脑病及顽固性腹水等并发症. 1个月后复查肝功能基本正常,上消化道钡餐造影显示食管静脉曲张消失.结论 断流术是门静脉高压症外科治疗的主要术式,对门脉高压症能取得良好的根治效果.     

改良脾肾V分流加断流联合治疗门脉高压上消化道大出血

目的探讨治疗肝硬化门脉高压上消化道大出血合理有效术式；方法回顾分析使用改良法脾-肾V分流加断流术治疗门脉高压症效果；结果6例无再出血，食管胃底静脉重度曲张5例，术后复查均转变成轻、中度曲张。术后发生肝性脑病顽固腹水各1例，经治疗后好转。     

改良脾肾V分流加断流联合治疗门脉高压上消化道大出血

目的 探讨治疗肝硬化门脉高压上消化道大出血合理有效术式。方法 回顾分析使用改良法脾-肾V分流加断流术治疗门脉高压症效果；结果 6例无再出血，食管胃底静脉重度曲张5例，术后复查均转变成轻、中度曲张。术后发生肝性脑病顽固腹水各1例，经治疗后好转。     

手术治疗肝硬化门脉高压症26例临床观察

目的探讨贲门周围血管离断术在肝硬化门脉高压症患者中的疗效。方法回顾性分析26例肝硬化门脉高压症的临床特点。结果全组患者无手术死亡,术后14～24d出院。3例患者术后出现腹水,经治疗后消失。随访15例,9例恢复正常劳动力,6例症状改善,1例因上消化道再出血内科保守治疗,无近期出血、腹腔感染、肝性脑病及顽固性腹水等并发症。1个月后复查肝功能基本正常,上消化道钡餐造影显示食管静脉曲张消失。结论断流术是门静脉高压症外科治疗的主要术式,对门脉高压症能取得良好的根治效果。     

分流加断流联合术治疗门静脉高压症的疗效探讨

目的 探讨断流-分流联合术对门静脉高压症患者门静脉压力及近期疗效的改善作用.方法 采用回顾性分析法,选取2014年5月—2015年6月期间我院收治的48例门静脉高压症患者的临床资料,将其分为对照组(24例)和观察组(24例),给予观察组患者断流-分流联合术进行治疗,给予对照组单独断流术进行辅助治疗.结果 2组患者术前自由门静脉压相比没有明显差异(P>0.05);术后观察组自由门静脉压值明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者术前血清蛋白浓度与术后血清蛋白浓度之间的差异不大(P>0.05).48例患者均得到随访,全部病例近期无手术死亡、无再出血;对照组术后1例患者并发脾静脉血栓,3例患者出现腹水,无肝性脑病发生;观察组术后1例患者出现少量腹水,1例患者并发肝性脑病,无门静脉系统血栓形成.结论 断流-分流联合术应用于门静脉高压症治疗中具有较好的效果,能够有效降低患者门静脉压力.     

脾腔分流联合断流术治疗门脉高压症上消化道出血的疗效观察

目的总结脾腔分流联合断流术治疗门脉高压症上消化道出血的疗效及经验。方法对38例门脉高压症上消化道出血患者行脾腔静脉端侧吻合联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗。结果38例患者手术顺利完成并好转出院,无手术死亡病例,术后近期无出血,术后随访1—5年,平均4．2年,再出血1例（2．6％）,无肝性脑病发生,5年生存率为97．4％。结论脾腔分流联合断流术治疗门脉高压症上消化道出血疗效肯定,是一种合理、可靠、安全的手术方式。     

断流联合分流手术治疗门脉高压症的围手术期处理

目的 探讨联合手术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症围手术期处理的临床意义.方法 回顾性分析应用断流加分流联合手术治疗肝硬化门脉高压症78例患者的临床资料.结果 77例得到随访,术后彩超检查,70例吻合口通畅无门静脉系统血栓形成,7例未行术后抗凝治疗有门静脉系统血栓形成.肝功能较术前好转65例,近期腹水消失16例,食道胃底静脉曲张较术前减轻67例.随访期间,无严重的上消化道出血发生,术后无肝性脑病发生.结论 完善的围手术期处理,能提高联合手术的安全性,并有较好的远期疗效.     

经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流(TIPS)术后并发肝性脑病的临床分析

目的研究经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流（TIPS）术后患者肝性脑病的发生机制及与手术方式/支架规格的关系,改进TIPS手术。方法对我科1999～2006年间225例患者的术前及术后肝功、血氨,及手术中使用支架规格,穿刺门静脉情况,曲张静脉栓塞情况等资料进行统计、分析。结果行TIPS术后临床症状和体征均得到不同程度改善,急诊出血停止,腹水逐渐消退。穿刺门脉左支患者肝性脑病发生率明显低于穿刺门脉右支。使用8mm支架肝性脑病发生率亦明显低于使用10mm支架。结论选择门静脉左支作为门腔静脉分流道,植入8mm内径血管支架,可以显著降低肝性脑病发生率,并保护肝功能,而对分流道远期开通率无明显差异。     

Bleeding varices: 2. Elective management.

Patients who have previously bled from esophageal varices should have their hepatic function, neurologic status and nutritional status evaluated and should be examined for ascites before elective variceal decompression is done to prevent recurrent variceal hemorrhage. The two most important procedures used for this evaluation are liver biopsy and visceral angiography. If the liver biopsy reveals little or no necroinflammatory activity, shunt surgery is indicated. For patients with moderate or severe necroinflammatory activity, surgery is delayed until the inflammation subsides. The central aim of visceral angiography is to determine whether the patient has hepatopetal or hepatofugal portal venous flow. Patients with hepatopetal flow are treated with a selective distal splenorenal shunt. Those with hepatofugal flow are managed with a total shunt, such as an interposition H-graft portacaval or mesocaval shunt.     

Reevaluation of limited side-to-side portacaval shunt.

Although the results of limited side-to-side portacaval shunt were better than those of other shunts, postoperative encephalopathy still occurred in 10.2% of the patients. To determine the relationship between the diameter of anastomotic stoma and the development of postoperative encephalopathy, animal experiments and clinical observations were carried out. In 4 of 8 dogs in 3 months after limited side-to-side portacaval shunt and in 6 patients with postoperative encephalopathy, there was significant augmentation of the diameter of anastomotic stoma. To prevent the widening of anastomotic stoma caused by blood flow under high pressure, a limiting ring of 10 mm in diameter was put around the anastomotic site during operation in 21 patients with portal hypertension. Follow-up for 3-15 months (average 6 months) showed that there was no evidence of postoperative encephalopathy and rebleeding. A ring of same kind was put around the dilated anastomotic stoma during exploration in the 6 patients, and all their cerebral symptoms and signs disappeared completely soon after the second operation.

     

Small-diameter prosthetic H-graft portacaval shunts in the treatment of portal hypertension

Background Portasystemic shunts, especially total shunts, are effective tools for reducing portal pressure and controlling variceal bleeding but lead to high risk of encephalopathy and accelerating liver failure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effects of small-diameter expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE ) H-graft portacaval shunts in the treatment of portal hypertension.Methods Thirty-one patients with portal hypertension were treated with ePTFE small-diameter H-graft portacaval shunts from December 1995 to April 2002. Twenty-one had externally ringed grafts and 10 had non-ringed grafts; 20 had 10 mm diameter grafts and 11 had 8 mm grafts. The left gastric artery and coronary vein were ligated in 22 patients. Additionally, 6 patients underwent pericardial devascularization, and splenectomies were performed on 30 patients.Results An average decrease of free portal pressure (FPP) from (32. 13 ±4. 86) cmH2O before shunting to (12. 55 ±5. 57) cmH2O after shunting was observed.     

经腹贲门周围血管离断术联合附加限制环的门腔静脉分流术治疗门脉高压症的临床研究

目的:探讨不同术式对肝硬变门脉高压上消化遭大出血的外科治疗效果.方法:对Child肝功能分级主要为A级及B级的肝硬化门脉高压上消化道大出血患者59例随机采用3种术式,分别为经腹贲门周围血管离断术(简称为经腹断流术)22例,附加限制环的门腔静脉分流术(简称为附加分流术)17例,经腹贲门周围血管离断术联合附加限制环的门腔静脉分流术(简称联合术式)20例.结果:术后均获随访10～36月,平均23月,联合术式术后再出血率明显降低(P<0.05).结论:经腹贲门周围血管离断术联合附加限制环的门腔静脉分流术弥补了单一术式的不足,可明显降低术后再出血率,操作简便,不失为一种较好的手术术式.     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗PA-HSOS和失代偿期肝硬化相关顽固性腹水的生存预后分析

目的比较含吡咯里西啶植物诱发的肝窦阻塞综合征（PA-HSOS）和失代偿期肝硬化合并顽固性腹水行经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS）治疗病人的生存预后。方法回顾性分析141例PA-HSOS和42例失代偿期肝硬化并发顽固性腹水采用TIPS治疗的病人的临床资料,采用Kaplan-Meier分析计算2组病人TIPS术后生存率,并采用log-rank检验进行比较。并采用倾向性评分匹配（PSM）,卡钳值设置为0.2,以1∶1匹配年龄、终末期肝病模型（MELD）评分、术前显性肝性脑病、术前门静脉系统血栓、门静脉血流速度。结果所有病人的中位随访时间为16.57个月。PA-HSOS病人的术前Child-Pugh分级和MELD评分均高于失代偿期肝硬化病人（P < 0.01）,2组病人TIPS术后生存时间差异无统计学意义[16.63（10.67~26.60）个月vs 16.47（9.40~41.53）个月]（P>0.05）。进行倾向性评分匹配后,24例PA-HSOS和24例失代偿期肝硬化病人成功匹配,PA-HSOS病人的术后生存时间长于失代偿期肝硬化病人[15.17（10.27~27.03）个月vs 13.75（10.67~21.07）个月]（P < 0.01）。结论TIPS治疗PA-HSOS或失代偿期肝硬化相关顽固性腹水,尽管前者术前肝功能和门静脉血流动力学更差,但PA-HSOS病人术后生存不劣于失代偿期肝硬化病人。     

Application of CDFI and portal system pressure measurement in the study of portal hypertension hemodynamics

Summary It has been discovered in portal system hemodynamics research using CDFI and pressure measurement, that among 40 portal hypertension patients the demonstrating rate, of left gastric vein (LGV) was 77.5%, and all were hepatofugal. The demonstrating rates of spontaneous splenorenal vein shunt collaterals and of patency umbilical vein (UV) with blood signal were 85%, 12.5% respectively, and the thrombosis rate of portal system was 10%. Blood flow direction of main portal vein (MPV) in all patients was hepatopetal, and one case of superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and another one of splenic vein (SV) were hepatofugal. The patients with MPV thrombosis or portal system hepatofugal should be operated on by shunt. Shunt capacity of portal vein in gastrosplenic region was 34.07% on average. This demonstrated that devascularization was applicable. Internal diameter, blood capacity and time average velocity (TAV) of the left portal vein (LPV) and right portal vein (RPV) with portal hypertension were almost equal, their difference being not significant (P>0.2). This should be a basis for the diagnosis of portal hypertension. Free portal pressure (FPP) and internal diameter, blood capacity and TAV of MPV, SV, SMV, LGV were not correlative with each other.     

LIMITED SIDE-TO-SIDE PORTACAVAL SHUNT OVER 20 YEARS' CLINICAL EXPERIENCE

310 patients with portal hypertension under- went limited side-to-side portacaval shunt with splenectamy from July 1960 to June 1981. Of these, 70 had emergency shunts and 240 elec- tive surgery. 217 (7070) had a history of massive hemorrhage of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The stomal size was chosen according to the free portal pressure (FPP) taken during opera- tion. Operative mortality in 228 cases (12 foUowed up less than 6 months being excluded) was 3.9%.The l-year survival rate was 97.5To and 3-, 5-, 10-. 15-, and over 15-year survival rates were 92.970, 80Vo, 78To, 46.5Vo and 33.3To Eso- phageal varices impro,ved in 84.4To; rebleeding rate was 11.4% and ascites disappeared in 86.7"/o. Postoperat.ive encephalopathy was observed in 19.8To and seems t.o bear some relationship to patient age and stomal size. Oxygen saturation measurement, portal veno- graphy, and results ca.lculated according to Gorlin's formula showed that limited side-to- side portacaval shunt pa.rtially diverts portal blood flow.     

经胸切脾门奇断流脾肾分流治疗食道静脉曲张及出血

<正> 门静脉高压症并发食道静脉曲张以及破裂出血的手术治疗方法很多,大致可分为门体分流术和直接手术两类。分流术有1945年Blakemore等的端侧门腔分流术,1945年Linton等的脾肾分流术、1951年Preshaw等的侧侧门腔分流术、1959年Clatworthy等的肠系膜上静脉与下腔静脉分流术。此外还有脾腔分流术、Warren的选择性脾肾分流术。这类手术的目的都是为了降低门静脉压力或选择性降低食道静脉压力。直接手术有     

经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉内支架分流术治疗肝硬变门脉高压症

目的:探讨经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉内支架分流术(TIPS)治疗肝硬变门脉高压症的技术操作、并发症及其疗效。方法:采用经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉内支架分流术,治疗5例肝炎后肝硬变门脉高压症患者,分流通道直径为10mm。结果:4例成功,术后平均门脉压力由4.46kPa(45.50 cmH_2O)降为2.13 kPa(21.75 cmH_2O),消化道出血得到控制,胸腹水明显吸收,食管静脉曲张减轻或消失,临床症状得到改善。结论:TIPS 具有创伤小、疗效确切、合并症少、适应范围广等优点,是治疗门脉高压食管、胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的一种安全、有效的方法,其长期疗效有待进一步观察。