Effect of antitheines with different effects on memory on cAMP phosphodiesterase,lipid peroxidation,and RNA synthesis in rat brain neurons

Academician S. V. Anichkov Department of Pharmacology, Research institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. N. Klimov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 5, pp. 483–485, May, 1991.     

Action of antitheines with different mnemic effects on cAMP-independent protein kinases of brain chromatin

Academician S. V. Anichkov Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. P. Bekhtereva.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 2, pp. 159–161, February, 1991.     

Effect of psychotropic drugs on RNA synthesis in brain cell nuclei

Changes in the distribution of biogenic amines in the brain were produced by intraperitoneal injection of psychotropic drugs — reserpine (80 g/100 g) and chlorpromazine (300 g/100 g) — during chronic experiments on rats. Under these conditions reserpine reduced the endogenous RNA polymerase activity of types I and II of the rat brain cell nuclei on average by 61 and 34%, and chlorpromazine did so by 32 and 38% respectively. In a cell-free system reserpine and chlorpromazine in concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mM had no effect on the RNA-systhesizing activity of isolated rat brain cell nuclei. It is suggested that the action of psychotropic drugs on the genetic apparatus may be mediated through, either a decrease in cyclic AMP production or inhibition of RNA-synthesizing activity.Department of Biochemistry, Tbilisi University. Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR, Tbilisi. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. V. Zakusov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 8, pp. 162–164, August, 1979.     

Electrographic correlates of the antiamnesic action of nootropic agents after deprivation of the paradoxical phase of sleep

Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Research Institute of Pharmacology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. V. Val'dman.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny. Vol. 108, No. 12, pp. 697–700, December, 1989.     

Involvement of protein synthesis in the reconsolidation of memory at different time points after formation of conditioned reflex freezing in mice

The aim of the present work was to study the involvement of protein synthesis in the reconsolidation of memory at different periods of time after training. In mice trained in a conditioned reflex freezing model, memory was reactivated by a reminder combined with administration of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. The results showed that suppression of protein synthesis on reactivation of memory 3, 6, and 24 h and 14 and 30 days after training impaired acquired conditioned reflex freezing. These data provide evidence that memories retrieved by a reminder require protein-dependent reorganization at both short (3–6 h) and long (14–30 days) periods after training. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel’nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 274–281, March–April, 2006.     

Subcellular distribution of the immunoreactive peptide histidine isoleucine in the rat brain and release from synaptosomes in vitro

Subcellular fractionation studies of rat brain homogenate revealed that peptide histidine isoleucine-like immunoreactivity (PHI-LI) was enriched in synaptosomal preparations. PHI-LI was released by high potassium concentrations from synaptosomal pellets incubated in vitro. These results suggest a possible physiological role of PHI in the central nervous system as a neurotransmitter or modulator of synaptic function.     

Effect of naphthene acids on learning and protein synthesis in the mouse brain

S. M. Kirov Azerbaijan University, Baku. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR I. P. Ashmarin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 109, No. 1, pp. 47–49, January, 1990.     

New aspects of the neurophysiological mechanism of action of nootropic drugs

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine -     

Effect of K+-depolarization on the physical state of membrane lipids in rat brain synaptosomes

Laboratory of Biochemistry, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR G. N. Kryzhanovskii.) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 24–27, January, 1989.     

The Drosophila lingerer protein cooperates with Orb2 in long-term memory formation

Abstract

Recently mated Drosophila females were shown to be reluctant to copulate and to exhibit rejecting behavior when courted by a male. Males that experience mate refusal by a mated female subsequently attenuate their courtship effort toward not only mated females but also virgin females. This courtship suppression persists for more than a day, and thus represents long-term memory. The courtship long-term memory has been shown to be impaired in heterozygotes as well as homozygotes of mutants in orb2, a locus encoding a set of CPEB RNA-binding proteins. We show that the impaired courtship long-term memory in orb2-mutant heterozygotes is restored by reducing the activity of lig, another putative RNA-binding protein gene, yet on its own the loss-of-function lig mutation is without effect. We further show that Lig forms a complex with Orb2. We infer that a reduction in the Lig levels compensates the Orb2 deficiency by mitigating the negative feedback for Orb2 expression and thereby alleviating defects in long-term memory.     

Effect of tetanus toxin on protein composition of synaptic structures of the rat brain and spinal cord

It was shown by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel that the content of proteins with low electrophoretic mobility rises in a Triton extract of the fractions of synaptic structures from the spinal cord tissue of rats with local tetanus, whereas no change was found in the protein spectrum in the dodecyl sulfate extract. In experiments in vitro tetanus toxin stimulated the incorporation of lysine-H³ into total proteins of cortical synaptosomes.Laboratory of General Pathology of the Nervous System, Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 79, No. 4, pp. 19–22, April, 1975.     

Effect of psychotropic drugs on synaptosomal uptake of H3-γ-aminobutyric acid and on Na,K-ATPase activity

Neurotropic drugs belonging to various groups (fluphenazine, nonachlazine, trifluperidol fluacizine, imipramine, diazepam, apomorphine fetanyl, diphenylhydantoin) in experiments in vitro showed an inhibitory effect on active transport of -aminobutyric acid (GABA) by synaptosomes of the rat cerebral cortex. In most cases a parallel decrease in the activity of synaptosomal Na,K-ATPase was observed. Substances not changing GABA uptake as a rule had no effect on the activity of the enzyme (carbidine and morphine). Some substances inhibiting Na,K-ATPase were ineffective with respect to GABA uptake (azabuperon, tetrabenazine). It is suggested that the drugs tested have at least two possible points of application: Na,K-ATPase and the hypothetical transmembrane carrier of GABA.Institute of Pharmacology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. V. Zakusov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 1, pp. 45–47, January 1976.