非侵袭性上颌窦曲菌病43例临床分析

目的：探讨非侵袭性上颌窦曲菌病的临床特点及经鼻内镜治疗的价值。方法：总结1993－1999年在我院行鼻内镜鼻窦手术（Endoscopic Sinus Surgery,ESS)治疗的非侵袭性上颌窦曲菌病43例,分析该疾病的诊断,治疗及影响疗效和转归的因素。结果：所有病例都在其霉菌团块中找到曲霉菌菌丝或孢子;双径路（经尖牙窝或下鼻道加上颌窦自然窦口）术式的术后愈合期为4．9周,而单径路（经上颌窦自然窦口）术式的术后愈合期为10．2周,2组差异有显著性（P＜0．01）,使用抗真菌剂冲洗术腔组的术后愈合期为6．6周,未使用抗真菌剂组的术后愈合期为7．3周,但其差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论：霉菌团块标本对非侵袭性鼻窦真菌病的诊断具有重要意义;ESS是治疗非侵袭性上颌窦曲菌病的有效方法,双径路疗效优于单径路,是否使用抗真菌剂冲洗术腔对疗效无明显影响。     

功能性鼻内窥镜手术治疗上颌窦曲菌病

目的：探讨鼻内窥镜下非侵袭性上颌窦曲菌病的治疗及影响疗效的因素。方法：分析我院行功能性鼻内窥镜手术（Ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌ ＥｎｄｏｓｃｏｐｉｃＳｉｎｕｓ Ｓｕｒ ｇｅｒｙ,ＦＥＳＳ）治疗的非侵袭性上颌窦曲菌病４１例的手术径路及抗真菌剂的使用对疗效及转归的影响。结果：双径路（经尖牙窝加下颌窦自然开口）术式的术后愈合期为４．７周,而单径路（经上颌窦自然开口）术式的术后愈合期为９．３周,两组差异有显著性意义（Ｐ〈０．０１）,使用抗真菌剂冲洗术腔组的术后愈合期为６．４周,未使用抗真菌剂的术后愈合期为６．７周,但其差异无统计学意义（Ｐ〉０．０５）,结论：ＦＥＳＳ是治疗非侵袭性上颌窦曲菌病的有效方法,双径路疗效优于单径路,是否用抗真菌剂冲术腔对疗效无明显影响。     

28例鼻窦真菌病临床分析

目的 总结鼻窦真菌病的诊治体会。方法 对28例鼻窦真菌病患者的临床及病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果 所有患者均在术前取窦口附近干酪样物送病检而确诊。27例非侵袭型上颌窦曲霉菌病，1例采用上颌窦根治术，26例采用内镜鼻窦手术，5例术后加口服抗真菌药治疗；术中随机取9例患者的上颌窦腔粘膜病检，均未见霉菌侵犯；27例患者均获治愈。另1例为侵袭型鼻脑曲霉菌病，采用鼻侧切开术治疗，术后2月死亡。结论 ①窦口鼻道复合体是本病的发病、转归及手术治疗的关键部位；②取窦口附近干酪样物送病检有助于诊断；③非侵袭型鼻窦真菌病宜采用内镜鼻窦手术，彻底清除真菌团块，术后反复冲洗窦腔，术后不必全身应用抗真菌药。     

干酪性鼻炎鼻窦炎13例临床分析

目的探讨干酪性鼻炎鼻窦炎的诊断和治疗.方法对13例干酪性鼻炎鼻窦炎临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果本病CT扫描部分病人表现窦腔均匀模糊,部分病人则可显示窦腔扩大和骨质破坏;鼻内镜检查可发现鼻腔鼻窦隐匿的干酪性病变.11例经1次手术治愈,其中采用双进路(鼻内镜加柯-陆手术联合进路)术式的术后愈合期为4.7周,而单进路(柯-陆手术)术式的术后愈合期为9.3周,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).1例经2次手术治愈;1例干酪性筛窦上颌窦炎,病变累及眶内,行3次手术未愈.结论 CT和鼻内镜检查对干酪性鼻炎鼻窦炎的诊断有一定价值;彻底手术、通畅引流是治疗的关键;双进路疗效优于单进路.     

霉菌性鼻窦炎临床诊治分析

目的探讨霉菌性鼻窦炎的诊断分型和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析21例霉菌性鼻窦炎病人临床资料，全组病例均行手术治疗，其中功能性鼻窦内镜手术(FESS)13例、柯陆氏5例、鼻内镜下单纯蝶窦开放术1例、FESS加蝶窦开放术2例。结果21例病人均治愈，且均经术后病理证实。结论霉菌性鼻窦炎以上颌窦多发，蝶窦、筛窦次之、额窦最少，分型以非侵袭性霉菌性鼻窦炎最常见，CT检查是早期诊断的有效途径。疗效预后关键在于鼻窦开放程度、引流通畅与否。     

3种术式治疗非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎的临床分析

目的：回顾分析3种不同入路鼻内镜手术治疗非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎的临床效果。方法：根据不同术式,将32例分为3组：A组9例,行鼻内镜鼻内、外双径路上颌窦病灶清除术;B组：15例,行鼻内镜鼻内中、下鼻道双径路术;C组：8例,行单纯鼻内镜手术。结果：A组9例,治愈率100％;B组15例,复发1例,治愈率93％;C组8例,治愈率100％。3组病理检查均未见窦腔黏膜内有真菌生长。结论：治疗非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎,不论采取何种术式,都要达到既微创又彻底去除病灶,使鼻窦引流通畅和通气的目的。     

鼻内镜下辅助其他径路治疗上颌窦癌25例疗效观察

目的探讨鼻内镜下辅助其他手术径路治疗上颌窦癌中的疗效。方法回顾性分析采用鼻内镜辅助其他手术径路治疗25例上颌窦癌患者的临床资料，术后均予以放射和（或）化疗。结果术后所有患者均随访5年以上，5年生存率为44％，与文献报道的传统手术疗效相似。结论鼻内镜下辅助其他手术径路治疗上颌窦癌可起到有效减瘤作用，创伤小，避免了面容与功能的损毁，具有微创外科的优点。     

内窥镜鼻窦手术治疗鼻窦霉菌病的体会

目的：为探讨鼻窦霉菌病的合理手术方法。方法：对所遇８例鼻窦霉菌病分别采用不同术式进行了治疗。结果：其中７例为非侵袭型上颌窦曲霉菌病，１例采用上颌窦根治术，６例采用内窥镜鼻窦手术，均获治愈，另１例为侵袭型鼻脑曲霉菌病，采用鼻侧切开术，术后２月死亡。结论：分析认为：１）窦口鼻道复合体在鼻窦霉菌病的发病、转归中起重要作用，也是须手术处理的关键部位。２）治疗非侵袭型鼻窦霉菌病，宜采用内窥镜鼻窦手术。３）取     

鼻内镜下摘除上颌窦囊肿的术式探讨

上颌窦囊肿在临床上并不罕见,好发于上颌窦的下壁及内壁,传统的治疗方法为上颌窦根治术。随着微创外科及功能性内镜鼻窦手术的开展,传统的柯-陆手术已逐步被鼻内镜手术所替代。我们采用鼻内镜下4种不同径路切除上颌窦囊肿：①扩大上颌窦自然开口径路,②下鼻道开窗径路,     

Caldwell-Luc径路联合鼻内镜手术治疗上颌窦病变38例

目的探讨Caldwell-Luc径路联合鼻内镜手术治疗上颌窦病变的方法。方法回顾分析Caldwell-Luc径路联合鼻内镜手术治疗38例上颌窦严重病变病例的临床资料。全部病例均在局部麻醉辅以强化麻醉下手术,手术中彻底清除上颌窦内的病变,摘除鼻腔肿物或息肉,切除钩突、扩大上颌窦自然开口,必要时行筛窦开放术。结果术后随访6~36个月,平均18个月。38例病例中治愈30例(78.9%),好转7例(18.4%),1例鼻腔-鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤术后复发,总有效率为97.4%。结论Caldwell-Luc径路联合鼻内镜手术治疗阻塞性上颌窦病变,效果满意,值得临床推广使用。     

Ethmomaxillary sinus and hypoplasia of maxillary sinus.

In a series of 410 coronal CT scans performed to assess paranasal sinus disease, we have identified eight cases in which an ethmomaxillary sinus was present. The ethmomaxillary sinus was unilateral in five cases and bilaterally present in three. The sex incidence was equal. Four patients had generalized mucosal disease of their paranasal sinuses which included the ethmomaxillary sinus whereas four patients had osteomeatal complex disease and sparing of their ethmomaxillary sinus. The characteristic radiological features of an ethmomaxillary sinus were drainage into an enlarged superior meatus, reduction in the size of the maxillary sinus and a normal bony orbital cavity. The differential diagnosis of an apparently hypoplastic maxillary sinus is briefly discussed.     

鼻内窥镜术上颌窦自然开口的处理

目的探讨内窥镜鼻窦手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的上颌窦中鼻道开口的重要性及处理方法。方法配对研究５６例双侧鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者，比较同一患者术中扩大或不扩大上颌窦自然开口的术后情况。结果窦口的开放率在不扩大和扩大上颌窦自然开口的术侧中分别为９２．９％和８０．４％（随访６个月时）。回顾性观察５１例施ＣａｌｄｗｅｌＬｕｃ术的患者，下鼻道造口的术后开放率仅为４０．６％。分析３８张单侧鼻窦炎或鼻息肉的鼻窦ＣＴ片，测量对照侧与病变侧的上颌窦口膜样部的上下径和前后径，差异无显著性。病变侧上颌窦口周围的中鼻甲气化、增生及钩突偏曲、筛泡骨性增生等解剖结构异常的发生率明显高于对照侧（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论鼻内窥镜下处理上颌窦自然开口的关键是窦口周围的解剖异常因素。     

鼻内窥镜术上颌窦自然开口的处理

探讨内窥镜鼻窦手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎，鼻息肉的上颌窦中鼻道开口的重要性及处理方法。方法 配对研究５６例双侧鼻窦炎，鼻息肉患者，比较同一患者术中扩大或不扩大上颌窦自然开口的术后情况。结果 窦口的开放率在不扩大和扩大上颌窦自然开口的术侧中分分别为９２．９％和８０．４％。     

Microbiology of the ethmoid sinus following endoscopic sinus surgery

We prospectively studied the native microbiology of the ethmoid sinus following endoscopic sinus surgery in 113 patients (mean age: 41.3 yr). After each patient had regained complete mucosalization (minimum follow-up: 6 wk), we obtained a bacterial swab of the ethmoid sinus and submitted it for culture and sensitivity analysis. We then compiled data on sensitivity patterns and the number and type of bacteria isolated. Of the 113 patients, 67 (59.3%) had positive cultures, 26 (23.0%) had sterile cultures, and 20 (17.7%) had normal flora. Multiple bacteria were isolated in 31 of the 113 patients (27.4%). The most common isolates were gram-positive cocci, and the most common bacteria were staphylococcal species. A significant degree (42.9%) of beta-lactamase resistance was exhibited. We conclude that the ethmoid sinus is not microbiologically sterile following endoscopic sinus surgery.     

The variant type of preauricular sinus: postauricular sinus

OBJECTIVE: Preauricular sinuses (PAS) are common congenital malformations that usually occur at the anterior margin of the ascending limb of the helix, but the positions of PAS and directions on the fistular tracts are rarely posterior to the external auditory canal (EAC), which presents as a postauricular swelling. We named these cases as the variant type of PAS ('postauricular sinuses'), and compared their clinical manifestations with those of the classical type. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients who had undergone preauricular fistulectomy from 2002 to 2006. These patients were then categorized into two groups according to the position of the preauricular sinus sac. The classical group was defined as the group of patients with sacs located on the (superior) anterior to the EAC, and the variant group as those whose sacs are located on the posterior site of the EAC. We analyzed the incidence, previous histories, clinical manifestations, recurrence rates, and surgical techniques of the variant type of preauricular sinuses and compared them with those of the classical type. RESULTS: Eleven (10.9%) of 101 patients were diagnosed with preauricular sinuses of the variant type. The male to female ratios of the classical and the variant groups were 44:46 and 7:4, respectively. The average age of the patients was approximately 11 to 13 years in both groups. All variant types of preauricular sinuses showed preauricular pits located posterior to the imaginary line that connects the tragus with the posterior margin of the ascending limb of the helix, unlike the classical type. Most (72.8%) of the fistular tracts of the variant type were directed in the posterior-middle direction from the pits. The variant types were operated with a dual approach using preauricular and retroauricular incisions, unlike the classical type, and the recurrence rate was 0% (compared with 2.2% in the classical type). CONCLUSION: Frequent postauricular infected swellings may indicate the presence of the variant type of preauricular sinuses. The variant type of preauricular sinuses presenting in the postauricular area were found to have an unusual location of the fistula pit that was positioned posterior to the imaginary tragal extended line. A comprehensive physical examination of the preauricular pits should be performed to avoid incomplete excision of the variant types.     

鼻内镜手术中额窦口的处理

目的探讨在鼻内镜手术中额窦口处理时的手术技巧。方法回顾分析我院2004年9月～2007年12月间连续607例（1021侧）鼻内镜手术,其中84例（147侧）有额窦病变,接受了Draf Ⅱa型额窦开放术,术后随访7～40个月。结果84例（147侧）患者中,额窦口引流通畅的58例（102侧,69%）,改善16例（28侧,19%）,无效10例（17侧,12%）。结论内镜下额窦开放术是治疗慢性额窦炎的有效方法,对于额窦内受累的患者,采用Draf Ⅱa型额窦开放术能够很好的解决额窦口引流问题,有助于恢复额窦正常功能。