单侧椎弓根入路椎体成形术冶疗骨质疏松性严重椎体压缩骨折

目的 探讨单侧椎弓根入路行椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性严重压缩性骨折的可行性及疗效.方法 回顾性分析完成椎体成形术88例患者,包括167节骨质疏松性压缩骨折的椎体.20例患者25节椎体为严重压缩骨折.严重压缩骨折定义为骨折椎体高度小于原来椎体高度的1/3.术前及术后进行视觉模拟疼痛评分及Oswesty功能障碍指数,并观察其并发症等情况.结果 20例患者25节严重压缩骨折椎体采用单侧入路的椎体成形术治疗均获成功,术中注射骨水泥量平均为(4.4±0.9)mm.术后1 d疼痛缓解及功能恢复显著(P＜0.05).7节椎体发生骨水泥椎间盘外漏,16节椎旁静脉丛外漏,10节椎体周围软组织外漏,1节椎体硬膜外漏,上述病例均未出现临床症状.结论 单侧椎弓根入路的椎体成形术是治疗骨质疏松性严重压缩性骨折的可行及有效方法.     

经皮椎体成形术在椎体压缩骨折及椎体血管瘤治疗中的应用

目的:总结经皮椎体成形术治疗疼痛性椎体压缩性骨折和疼痛性椎体血管瘤的临床经验,评估其治疗疗效。方法:回顾性分析26例疼痛性椎体压缩性骨折和3例疼痛性椎体血管瘤的椎体成形术治疗病例。病椎39个,其中胸椎18个,腰椎21个,36个采用单侧椎弓根入路,3个采用双侧椎弓根入路。结果:29例治疗均获得成功,注射骨水泥2.5~5.0ml,平均3.2ml。术后随访6~12个月,完全缓解(CR)、部分缓解(PR)、轻微缓解(MR)和无效(NR)例数分别为24、3、2、0,疼痛缓解率93.1%。患者的视觉模拟评分(VAS)术后显著下降(P0.05)。结论:采用经皮椎体成形术治疗疼痛性椎体压缩性骨折及疼痛性椎体血管瘤是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗手段。     

骨水泥混合与注射一体化装置行经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体压缩性骨折

目的探讨骨水泥混合与注射一体化装置行经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体压缩性骨折的操作技术、临床疗效。方法2002～2004年间共计治疗了108例诉有严重疼痛的椎体压缩性骨折患者,其中骨质疏松性压缩性骨折85例,椎体恶性肿瘤31例。穿刺入路采用双侧椎弓根穿刺法,所有患者均在透视监视下双侧注射聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA),注射设备为骨水泥混合与注射一体化装置。术后随访患者6个月。结果共计注射116个椎体(腰椎69个,胸椎47个),双侧穿刺和骨水泥注射成功率100％,99例患者(91．7％)术后疼痛明显缓解,6个月内疼痛无复发95例(95．6％),9例患者(8．3％)术后疼痛无缓解。发生骨水泥外漏12例(11％),有临床症状5例(4．6％)。结论骨水泥混合与注射一体化装置行经皮椎体成形术创伤小、并发症少,而且止痛疗效显著,是一种非常有前景的治疗椎体压缩性骨折的介入手术方法。     

椎体内裂隙样变对椎体成形术治疗椎体压缩骨折疗效的影响

目的 研究经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗并存椎体内裂隙样变骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效,并与单纯性(不合并椎体内裂隙样变)骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效进行对比,以分析椎体内裂隙样变对疗效的影响.方法 回顾性分析PVP治疗95例患者、176节椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折的临床及影像学资料.本组研究中除外多节段骨折、合并肿瘤病史、影像资料不全和术后随访不配合患者.入选43例分A、B两组,18例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折合并裂隙样变患者为A组,25例无椎体内裂隙样变患者为B组.比较两组间术前疼痛和功能障碍情况,分析两组术后1周局部疼痛缓解和功能改善情况;观察两组并发症情况.结果 A组与B组术后1周疼痛缓解及日常活动功能改善明显(P＜0.05);两组间术后1周疼痛缓解的程度和日常活动功能改善的程度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);两组间骨水泥外漏发生率相似(P＞0.05),但两组间骨水泥外漏类型分布有差异(P＜0.05).结论 PVP是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的有效方法;椎体内裂隙样变对PVP的止痛疗效、功能改善与骨水泥外漏发生率无明显影响,但对骨水泥的外漏类型有一定影响.     

椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的探讨椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效和安全性。方法10例疼痛性老年骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折患者,累及椎体11个。在X线监测下,经双侧椎弓根穿刺伤椎,置入可扩张球囊,推注对比剂扩张球囊,使塌陷椎体复位,并在椎体内形成空腔,应用骨水泥在牙膏期时向空腔内填充。术后观察疼痛缓解状况与骨折复位情况。结果10例患者手术顺利,术后48h内疼痛均完全缓解,无临床并发症。术后伤椎椎体高度恢复满意。后凸畸形矫正6°～24°。1例患者术后CT检查发现在椎体前侧缘有少量骨水泥外溢。结论椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折安全有效。     

Sky骨膨胀复位器椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

目的 探讨使用Sky骨膨胀复位器行椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折。方法 自2004年8月至2005年11月，应用Sky骨膨胀复位器椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折18例。术中采用局部注射浸润麻醉，选择从椎体病变严重侧单侧穿刺，经椎弓根入路，使用Sky骨膨胀复位器将压缩椎体复位，注射骨水泥量3．5—5ml。结果 术后随访3～11个月，平均4．5个月。术后患者背部疼痛均明显缓解或消失，无并发症发生。结论 Sky骨膨胀器椎体后凸成形术操作简单，创伤小，手术安全性高，能有效复位并快速有效控制背痛，近期疗效满意。     

国产骨水泥行经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体压缩性骨折的临床应用

目的 探讨应用国产骨水泥行经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗椎体压缩性骨折的临床应用价值.资料与方法 在大型C臂X线机或CT机导引下,应用国产骨水泥采用经单侧椎弓根注射法行PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者60例,观察其临床疗效及并发症.结果 60例骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者共106个椎体行PVP治疗,技术成功率100%,其中52例患者疼痛完全缓解(CR);8例患者疼痛部分缓解(PR);总有效率100%.2例出现骨水泥外溢至椎间盘,未出现临床症状,全部病例未出现严重并发症.结论 应用国产骨水泥行PVP术治疗外伤和骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折安全有效,能明显地缓解疼痛和加固椎体,是一种值得临床推广应用的治疗方法.     

过伸复位联合单侧入路的椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的观察过伸复位联合单侧入路的经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的效果。方法术前牵引垫枕,术中利用骨科手术床行过伸复位,再行PVP治疗。在术前、术后3 d、术后12个月随访时进行疼痛视觉评分(VAS),计算术前、术后压缩椎体高度恢复率。结果 16例20个椎体操作成功,骨水泥向椎体前方渗漏5例,侧方渗漏2例,向椎间盘内渗漏2例,无椎体后方渗漏。VAS评分由术前8.5±1.2降低至2.5±1.4,骨折椎体高度恢复率为(40.1±23.5)%。结论过伸复位联合单侧入路的PVP是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的有效方法。     

经皮椎体成形术在多节段椎体骨折中的应用

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗多节段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的安全性及疗效。方法回顾性分析PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者86例,其中23例患者为多节段椎体骨折。分析患者术前、术中、术后的临床及影像学资料。采用模拟视觉评分(VAS)及Oswesty功能障碍指数(ODI)评价术后疼痛缓解及日常活动功能恢复情况。结果19例患者一次手术完成3节椎体,4例患者一次手术完成4节椎体。3例患者术中出现一过性血压升高和呼吸困难。术前VAS评分及ODI值平均8.58±1.12、81.43±12.54,术后1d平均为3.03±0.98、31.04±11.11,疼痛缓解及日常活动功能恢复显著。5例患者1年内出现再发椎体压缩骨折。13节椎体发生骨水泥外漏。结论PVP是治疗多节段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折安全、有效的方法。必须注意脂肪栓塞并发症,一次手术至多完成3节椎体。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的安全性和疗效。方法应用经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折30例,其中男8例、女22例,年龄55～86岁。共治疗40个椎体:单椎体23例,2个椎体4例,3个椎体3例。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术。手术时间35～138 min,术中球囊扩张压力200～300 psi(1 psi=6.89 kPa),骨水泥注射量2.5～5 ml。1例球囊术中破裂,1例发生椎旁渗漏,2例椎间隙渗漏,1例椎管内渗漏,未出现临床症状。1例术中出现血压、脉搏下降,对症处理后好转。患者疼痛症状得到明显缓解,未见神经损伤等并发症的发生。结论经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折可迅速缓解疼痛、有效恢复骨折椎体高度,明显减少骨水泥渗漏率,这种技术简单、微创、安全、疗效肯定。掌握好椎弓根穿刺、球囊扩张技术以及把握好骨水泥的推注时机等能有效降低并发症的发生。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.