腹主动脉瘤的外科治疗:附46例报告

目的:探讨并提高腹主动脉瘤(AAA)手术安全的方法。方法:笔者两所医院近3年余收治的46例腹主动脉瘤患者均行腹主动脉瘤切除人工血管移植。病变仅累及腹主动脉20例，累及腹主动脉及一侧髂总、内、外动脉瘤8例，累及两侧髂总、内、外动脉瘤16例，累及肾动脉者2例。3例施行急诊手术。结果:例死亡（病死率2.2%），余45例均治愈，无手术并发症。结论:外科治疗是治疗AAA最可靠的方法。     

腔内修复术治疗胸腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的 介绍血管内支架技术治疗胸腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤的经验。方法 对2000年10月－2001年6月间6例胸腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤的治疗经过进行回顾性分析。结果 6例均为男性,年龄42－72岁。Standford A型胸腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤1例,B型5例。其中5例经行腔内人工血管支架修复成功,1例中转腹主动脉夹层开窗手术。术后1例发生髂外动脉夹层破裂,行腹主动脉夹层开窗人工血管移植术;1例术后3d因严重心肌梗塞抢救无效死亡。5例随访1－9个月,情况良好。结论 腔内人工血管治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤简化了手术操作,减小了手术风险。腹主动脉夹层开窗手术是治疗主动脉夹层的辅助手段。     

主动脉病变的手术治疗与腔内血管外科治疗

目的 探讨主动脉病变的手术治疗和腔内血管外科治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析45例胸腹主动脉病变外科治疗的临床资料。结果 男37例，女8例。年龄2l～85(平均年龄64、7)岁。其中胸主动脉夹层ll例；降主动脉夹层破裂并假性动脉瘤形成伴椎骨破损2例；肾上，下型腹主动脉瘤各为3，23例；腹主动脉瘤破裂2例；腹主动脉瘤空肠瘘l例；腹主动脉外伤性破裂3例。45例患者中腔内治疗者l8例，25例行人工血管置换治疗，3例行腹主动脉修补。围手术期死亡率为6．7％(3／45)。随访36例，随访时间2个月～4年，均生存良好。结论 腔内血管外科治疗有着创伤小，术后恢复快，并发症少等优点，有条件行支架型人工血管腔内治疗的可优先考虑腔内治疗。传统手术方法在技巧等方面的改进有利于提高手术的成功率，并能为不具备腔内治疗条件的患者解除疾苦。     

腔内修复术治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤7例分析

目的总结腔内修复术治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤的经验。方法回顾性分析2004年10月至2006年3月复旦大学附属中山医院血管外科收治的腔内修复孤立性髂动脉瘤7例的临床资料。其中,右髂总动脉瘤4例,左髂总动脉瘤2例,左髂内动脉瘤破裂1例。结果7例均取得技术成功。3例右髂总动脉瘤累及右髂内动脉,选用分叉支架型人工血管行腔内修复术。1例右髂总动脉瘤累及腹主动脉下端,选用AUI(Aortouniiliac)支架型人工血管腔内修复加股动脉旁路术。2例左髂总动脉瘤选用直型支架型人工血管。1例左髂内动脉瘤破裂急诊行钢圈栓塞后选用直型支架覆盖左髂内动脉开口。术后即刻数字减影血管造影(DSA)造影显示动脉瘤消失,远近端支架型人工血管与宿主动脉结合处均未见明显渗漏。1例术后出现急性左心功能不全和肺水肿,经抢救痊愈,其余6例无手术并发症。术后随访1～19个月(平均10.6±6.42个月),瘤体无增大,支架无移位,无内漏,旁路人工血管通畅。结论腔内修复术治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤具有可行、安全、微创等特点,近期疗效较好,远期效果尚须进一步随访。     

应用一体式分叉支架型人工血管腔内治疗腹主动脉瘤42例

目的总结应用一体式分又支架型人工血管治疗腹主动脉瘤初步经验。方法本组42例，其中腹主动脉瘤39例，腹主动脉假性动脉瘤1例，Ⅲ型夹层动脉瘤1例，降主动脉瘤合并腹主动脉瘤1例。除均在腹主动脉放置一体式分又支架型人工血管外，1例降主动脉瘤合并腹主动脉瘤者共放置5枚支架型人工血管，其中4枚直型支架用于隔绝降主动脉瘤；1例Ⅲ型夹层动脉瘤者，降主动脉近侧破口用直型支架型人工血管封堵；1例因一侧髂外动脉闭塞需先经腹膜外切口行人工血管搭桥后才能放置一体式分叉支架。结果平均手术时间50min。1例死亡，8例附加近侧短的覆膜支架，1例附加远侧Cuff，1例近侧和远侧均加Cuff。8例术后有少量内漏，1周后内漏均消失。5例封堵了双侧髂内动脉，20例封堵了单侧髂内动脉，但均未导致臀肌坏死或疼痛等并发症。2例瘤颈与瘤体呈90度角也获得成功。结论一体式分又支架型人工血管可以达到隔绝腹主动脉瘤的作用，且操作更快捷。     

支架型人工血管治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的　探讨支架型人工血管治疗胸主动脉和腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤的作用。方法　采用由不锈钢“Z”形支架和超薄绦纶组成的支架型人工血管治疗5 例胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤和1 例腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤。其中4 例已累及肾下主动脉, 且有明显肾功能损害。6 例均经CT 和动脉造影证实。在X 线监视下,经右股动脉切开, 将1 ～2 枚支架型人工血管置入。有1 例因进入困难,改用左侧股动脉进路。结果　术后造影和CT 均表明破口被成功封闭,假腔内血栓形成。本组未发生任何并发症。随访1 ～7 个月,有2 例高血压者,血压明显下降,2 例血尿治愈,2 例血尿减轻。结论　支架型人工血管治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤明显简化了手术,减小了手术风险,其方法可行     

腔内修复术治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤14例

目的探讨腔内治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析2004年10月至2006年5月腔内修复孤立性髂动脉瘤14例的临床资料。其中,右髂总动脉瘤8例,左髂总动脉瘤5例,左髂内动脉瘤破裂1例。髂动脉瘤腔内修复的标准是瘤体直径〉3．0cm。结果14例均取得技术成功。8例右髂总动脉瘤,钢圈栓塞右髂内动脉后选用分叉支架型人工血管行腔内修复术。其中1例右髂总动脉瘤累及腹主动脉下端,选用AUl支架型人工血管腔内修复加股．股动脉旁路术。5例左髂总动脉瘤栓塞同侧髂内动脉后选用直型支架型人工血管。1例左髂内动脉瘤破裂急诊行钢圈栓塞后选用直型支架覆盖左髂内动脉开口。术后即刻数字减影血管造影显示动脉瘤消失,远近端支架型人工血管与宿主动脉结合处均未见明显渗漏。1例术后出现急性左心功能不全和肺水肿,经抢救痊愈,其余13例无手术并发症。术后CTA随访10．2个月（3～19个月）,瘤体无增大,支架无移位,无内漏,旁路人工血管通畅。结论腔内修复术治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤具有可行、安全、微创等特点,近期疗效较好,远期效果需进一步随访。     

腔内治疗腹主动脉瘤合并双髂总动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的总结腹主动脉瘤合并双髂总动脉瘤的腔内治疗经验。方法总结2016年4月至2018年11月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院18例接受腹主动脉腔内修复术(EVAR)的腹主动脉瘤合并双髂总动脉瘤患者。其中6例双侧髂总动脉直径18～25 mm,选择合适口径的髂动脉分支支架完成传统EVAR;9例双侧髂总动脉直径≥25 mm,选择双侧髂外动脉作为锚定区完成EVAR,并行髂总动脉直径较大侧或合并髂内动脉瘤样变侧进行髂内动脉弹簧圈栓塞术;3例双侧髂总动脉直径≥25 mm,选择双侧髂外动脉作为锚定区完成EVAR,并行三明治技术单侧髂内动重建。结果腔内手术均获得成功,手术时间(120±35)min,出血量(100±40)ml。术中无即刻Ⅰ型内漏出现。1例双侧髂外动脉作为锚定区治疗患者术后发生臀肌缺血症状;3例三明治技术单侧髂内动重建患者中,1例髂内动脉Ⅱ型内漏发生,1例髂内动脉闭塞。术后随访3～32个月,平均10.3个月,无动脉瘤破裂,髂动脉直径无明显扩张。结论腹主动脉瘤合并双髂总动脉瘤患者根据髂总动脉直径选择合适的腔内治疗方法可达到理想的治疗效果,重建髂内动脉与否术后生活质量无明显差异。     

腹主动脉瘤96例的诊断与手术治疗

摘要：目的 探讨腹主动脉瘤(AAA)的诊断、手术方式的选择及并发症的防治。方法 回顾性分析14年余收治的96例AAA的诊断和手术治疗的临床资料。对82例肾动脉水平以下型AAA行动脉瘤切除人工血管置换术，12例肾下型行涤纶片动脉瘤体包裹术，2例肾动脉上型腹主动脉假性动脉瘤行側壁瘤体切除修补术。结果 主动脉造影、MRA或EBT可确定动脉瘤上界与肾动脉间的距离。93例获得临床治愈。手术死亡3例，手术病死率3.1%(3/96)；其中急诊手术病死率50.0%(2/4)，限期手术病死率1.1%(1/92)，两者差异显著（P<0.05）。6例术后出现乙状结肠缺血症状，2例肢体远端有缺血症状，2例急性肾功能不全，均经非手术治疗痊愈。手术并发症发生率21.3％。82例获随访，随访时间6个月至15年。术后5年生存率为81.7%。 结论 AAA切除人工血管置换术是治疗AAA的基本方法。     

腔内修复术中应用Viabahn支架重建肠系膜下动脉——2例报告

2015年5~12月我科行主动脉腔内修复术(endovascular aortic repair,EVAR)治疗腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA),同期应用Viabahn支架重建肠系膜下动脉(inferior mesenteric artery,IMA)2例。1例肾下型AAA合并双髂总动脉瘤样扩张,Riolan动脉弓形成,行EVAR治疗AAA,同期采用"烟囱"技术IMA内植入Viabahn支架成功,术后3个月随访复查CTA示支架位置良好,瘤体隔绝成功,Viabahn支架通畅。1例右侧髂总动脉巨大动脉瘤,行EVAR治疗髂总动脉瘤,髂内动脉弹簧圈栓塞,IMA内植入Viabahn支架成功,术后6个月随访复查CTA示支架位置良好,瘤体隔绝成功,Viabahn支架通畅。我们认为复杂AAA应用Viabahn支架合理重建IMA预防肠缺血,简化手术操作,近期疗效满意。     

大动脉病变的外科手术治疗

目的　探讨大动脉病变的手术治疗方法。方法　回顾性分析 86例大动脉病变外科手术治疗的临床资料。其中胸腹主动脉瘤 3例 ;降主动脉夹层破裂并巨大假性动脉瘤形成椎骨破损 2例 ;腹主动脉局限性夹层破裂并假性动脉瘤形成 2例 ;腹主动脉瘤十二指肠空肠曲瘘并消化道大出血 1例 ;腹主动脉瘤破裂并休克 5例 ,腹主动脉外伤后破裂 3例 ;腹主动脉瘤和 /或并单或双侧髂动脉瘤2 1例 ;髂动脉瘤 6例 ;股动脉瘤 9例 ;髂或股动脉假性动脉瘤 2 1例 ;右锁骨下动脉和椎动脉起始部破裂并巨大假性动脉瘤形成 1例 ;左或右锁骨下动脉破裂并假性动脉瘤形成 3例 ;颈动脉瘤 2例 ,颈动脉假性动脉瘤 7例。行人工血管置换治疗 71例 ,自体静脉修补 3例 ,动脉破口修补术 12例。结果　术中及术后 3 0d死亡率为 3 .5 % ( 3 /86)。随访 73例 ,随访时间 1个月至 5年 ,除 1例腹主动脉瘤十二指肠瘘患者已死亡外 ,余均生存良好。结论　大动脉病变的外科手术治疗仍然是一种十分有效和经济实用的方法 ,在技巧等方面的改进有利于提高手术的成功率     

Banding of the common iliac artery: an expedient in endoluminal correction of aortoiliac aneurysms

Dilatation of the common iliac arteries is one of the most frequent causes for exclusion of patients in a series of endovascular correction of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). In this article we describe the banding technique we use to constrict the large iliac arteries. Four patients underwent endovascular treatment for AAAs with bifurcated grafts. Five of the eight common iliac arteries were 16 to 20 mm in diameter and were constricted around the endoprosthesis by banding with two cotton tapes through a retroperitoneal access. An angioplasty balloon was used as a counterresistance inside the graft. Completion angiogram and postoperative computed tomographic scans showed no endoleak in all cases. No complications occurred in the follow-up (3-10 months). Banding of the common iliac artery is an efficient procedure for endoluminal correction of AAAs when the diameter of the common iliac arteries is greater than 16 mm and less than 20 mm.     

国人腹主动脉瘤累及髂动脉的解剖学特征与髂动脉分支支架适用性：单中心58例分析

目的:通过单中心临床调查,分析腹主动脉瘤(AAA)累及髂动脉国人患者的髂动脉解剖学特点与髂动脉分支支架(IBD)适用性的关系。方法:回顾性分析2015年7月—2017年3月复旦大学附属中山医院血管外科58例累及双侧或单侧髂总动脉的AAA患者,利用3D工作站分析其影像学资料,并进行相关数据测量分析,结合基于解剖特点的使用标准,分析两款IBD(Cook IBD,Gore IBE)在患者中的适用性及其限制因素。结果:58例AAA患中,49例累及双侧髂总动脉,9例累及单侧髂总动脉。病变髂总动脉的平均长度分别为左侧(57.9±18.1)mm,右侧(56.7±17.4)mm,平均最大直径分别为左侧(17.7±7.2)mm,右侧(25.1±9.4)mm。根据两款支架使用标准,Cook IBD与Gore IBE治疗病变髂动脉的适用比率分别为26.1%(28/107)、20.6%(22/107)。Cook IBD最主要的限制因素是髂内动脉直径6或9 mm(50/107,46.7%);Gore IBE最主要的限制因素是髂总动脉直径25 mm(67/107,62.6%)。结论:基于解剖标准的IBD在AAA累及髂动脉国人患者中适用性较低,髂总动脉和髂内动脉直径的不符合是其主要限制因素。     

肾动脉平面下腹主动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的：探讨肾动脉平面下腹主动脉瘤的外科治疗经验。方法：传统开放手术治疗27例中择期手术19例,动脉瘤破裂行急症手术8例;腔内手术治疗4例。结果：围手术期并发心力衰竭3例,呼吸衰竭8例,急性心肌梗死1例,急性肾功能衰竭4例,术后严重出血1例,死亡5例,余均治愈。结论：外科手术是治疗肾动脉平面下腹主动脉瘤的有效手段,而腔内治疗以其安全、微创、对人体内环境干扰小等优点将成为未来发展的趋势。     

Internal iliac artery revascularization as an adjunct to endovascular repair of aortoiliac aneurysms.

PURPOSE: Endovascular repair of aortoiliac aneurysms may be limited by extension of the aneurysm to the iliac bifurcation, necessitating endpoint implantation in the external iliac artery. In such cases the circulation to the internal iliac artery is interrupted. Bilateral internal iliac artery occlusion during endovascular repair may be associated with significant morbidity, including gluteal claudication, erectile dysfunction, and ischemia of the sigmoid colon and perineum. We have employed internal iliac artery revascularization (IIR) to allow endograft implantation in the external iliac artery while preserving flow to the internal iliac artery in patients with aneurysms involving the iliac bifurcation bilaterally. METHODS: A total of 11 IIR procedures were performed in 10 patients undergoing endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair (9 men, 1 woman; mean age, 74 years). IIR was accomplished via a retroinguinal incision in 9 cases and a retroperitoneal incision in 2 cases. Six-mm polyester grafts were used for external-to-internal iliac artery bypass in 10 cases and internal iliac artery transposition onto the external iliac artery was used in one case. Endovascular AAA repair was performed using a modular bifurcated device (Talent-LPS, Medtronics, Minneapolis, Minn) after IIR. Bypass graft patency was determined immediately after the surgery, at 1 month, and every 3 months thereafter, using duplex ultrasound scanning and computed-tomography angiography. Mean aneurysm diameters were as follows: AAA, 6.4 +/- 0.7 cm; ipsilateral common iliac, 3.7 +/- 1.0 cm; contralateral common iliac, 3.9 +/- 0.8 cm. RESULTS: Successful IIR and endovascular AAA repair were accomplished in all cases. No proximal, distal, or graft junction endoleaks occurred. Two patients demonstrated retrograde aneurysm side-branch endoleaks originating from the lumbar arteries. One thrombosed spontaneously within 3 months. One perioperative myocardial infarction occurred. Reduction in aneurysm size was documented in 5 aortic, 5 ipsilateral iliac, and 3 contralateral iliac aneurysms. Gluteal claudication, erectile dysfunction, colon and perineal ischemia, and mortality did not occur. All IIRs have remained patent during a follow-up period of 4 to 15 months (mean, 10.1 months). CONCLUSIONS: IIR may be used with good short-term to intermediate-term patency to prevent pelvic ischemia in patients whose aneurysm anatomy requires extension of the endograft into the external iliac artery. This may allow endovascular AAA repair to be performed in patients who might otherwise be at risk for developing complications associated with bilateral internal iliac artery occlusion.     

Open surgery of infrarenal aortic aneurysms with iliac involvement: repair should be entirely intra-abdominal

AIM: A review of the literature on the surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) reveals that aortofemoral bypass (AFB) is used frequently in some centers. The latter series are characterized by higher rates of graft-related complications than in those in which AFB is used less frequently. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relative frequency and outcome of different types of bypass grafts in the surgical treatment of AAAs with iliac involvement, in our center and in others. METHODS: Between 1994 and 2004, 190 AAA patients with involvement of the iliac axes underwent elective repair in our department. Surgery was performed via median transperitoneal access. RESULTS: The AAAs extended to the common iliac artery (CIA) in 90.5% of patients. The remaining 9.5% extended to the external iliac artery (EIA). Aorto bi-iliac grafts were used in 159 cases, straight tube grafts in 13, aorto EIA grafts in 15, and AFBs in 3. Overall 30-day morbidity and mortality rates were 12.1% and 2.6%, respectively. At follow-up (mean: 5.6 years), one distal limb infection of an AFB and 4 CIA/EIA aneurysmal enlargements occurred and were repaired accordingly. Secondary patency and 5-year cumulative survival rate were 100% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this series of AAAs extending to the iliac axes, AFB was used selectively (1.6%), even when the AAA extended to the EIA. This allowed us to maintain direct vascularization of the hypogastric arteries and eliminate the risk of complications associated with inguinal access. We feel, therefore, that for the repair of aortoiliac aneurysms, AFB is rarely indicated.     

肾下型腹主动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的总结26例肾下型腹主动脉瘤的手术治疗经验。方法回顾性分析近5年多来手术治疗26例肾下型腹主动脉瘤的临床资料，全组26例，术前均经影像检查证实诊断。行择期手术21例，破裂型腹主动脉瘤急诊手术5例。26例均行腹主动脉瘤切除，人工血管重建术。结果围手术期死亡2例，均为急症手术患者，总病死率7．7％，急诊手术病死率40．0％。随访时间1-5年。术后1，3，5年生存率分别为96％，88％，75％。死亡原因均与腹主动脉瘤和手术无关。结论CTA检查是诊断腹主动脉瘤的可靠方法。手术治疗仍是治疗腹主动脉瘤的重要方法。瘤体直径不是决定手术的唯一指征。影响手术的危险因素主要是高龄、严重的心肺疾病和肾功能不全。