嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎14例临床分析

目的分析嗜酸性粒细胞胃肠炎(eosinophilic gastroenteritis,EG)的临床特点、诊断要点、治疗和预后。方法对14例诊断为嗜酸粒细胞性胃肠炎患者的病史、临床表现、实验室检查、内镜检查、病理结果、治疗及随访情况进行回顾性临床分析。结果 14例EG患者中,10例病变范围涉及黏膜层,1例病变范围涉及肌层,3例病变范围涉及浆膜层。所有患者均出现不同程度的胃肠道症状,内镜下黏膜活检或手术活检均证实胃肠道组织有较多量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。给予糖皮质激素类治疗的9例患者,1～2周后症状得到明显缓解,且嗜酸性粒细胞数逐渐下降至正常水平。14例患者均预后良好。结论嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎是临床上较为少见的一种疾病,病因和发病机制尚不十分明确。内镜或手术取到活体组织中提示较多嗜酸性粒细胞浸润是确诊的关键。糖皮质激素是主要的治疗药物。该疾病预后良好。     

嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎的诊断进展

嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎(eosinophilic esophagitis, EoE)是近年来发病率逐渐上升的食管炎性疾病，以嗜酸性粒细胞浸润食管壁黏膜为特征，常表现为吞咽困难、食物嵌顿、胸痛等，极易与胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease, GERD)等混淆，若不经有效的治疗，会发展为严重的食管纤维性狭窄。随着对该病相关病理、生理学等研究的不断深入，EoE的诊断方法不断得到补充和完善，本文就此作一综述，旨在提高临床医师对EoE的认识，以减少对EoE的误诊、漏诊及误治。     

嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎

嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎是一种免疫/抗原介导的慢性食管炎症,以食管黏膜嗜酸性粒细胞浸润为主及食管功能障碍相关症状为临床病理特点.其发病机制尚未明确,普遍认为系由IgE和非IgE联合介导引起的变态反应.其诊断主要依据典型的临床表现及食管组织病理学改变,并排除胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GRED)及其他可引起食管黏膜嗜酸性粒细胞浸润等疾病.其治疗方法主要包括饮食调节、药物治疗、食管扩张等.     

嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎1例

嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎（eosinophilic gastroenteritis,EG）是一种较罕见的胃肠道疾病,以胃肠道黏膜内大量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润和一系列非特异性消化道症状为特征,其发病机制仍不明了。     

嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎的诊断及治疗

嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎（EoE）是一种慢性、由过敏原触发、Th2细胞介导的食管疾病,其特点是食管嗜酸性粒细胞增多浸润为主的炎症进而引发临床上以食管功能障碍为主的症状。其治疗方法包括药物治疗、饮食治疗及食管扩张,简称“3D”治疗。由于该病是一种慢性疾病,所以多数需要长期治疗,以预防复发及并发症的出现。本文对近年来EoE诊断...     

嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎临床特点分析

目的 探讨嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎（EG）的临床特征.方法 对21例EG患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 21例EG患者中,最常见的临床症状为腹痛（76.2％）,以及恶心呕吐、腹胀、腹泻、纳差等.20例外周血嗜酸性粒细胞增高（95.2％）,内镜检查见炎症最常累及胃窦及十二指肠球部,组织活检可见嗜酸性粒细胞浸润.黏膜型13例,混合型（黏膜型合并浆膜型）8例.腹腔积液阳性者（7例）,混合型所占比例、合并电解质紊乱例数及CRP水平均高于腹腔积液阴性者（14例）.21例确诊后均予饮食调节和去除过敏原治疗,同时给予抑酸、保护胃黏膜、调节胃肠动力和肠道菌群等药物,其中15例予泼尼松治疗.治疗后患者嗜酸性粒细胞计数低于治疗前,症状得到改善.结论 EG临床表现无特异性,超敏反应病史、外周血嗜酸性粒细胞计数增高、胃肠道组织嗜酸性粒细胞浸润有助于诊断,确诊依靠组织活检.合并腹腔积液者较无腹腔积液者病情重.治疗主要是去除过敏原及对症治疗,对于症状较重者可加用糖皮质激素.     

浆膜型嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎1例

嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎（eosinophilic gastroenteritis,EG）,是一种以胃肠道某些部位局限性或弥漫性嗜酸性粒细胞浸润为特征的疾病。临床上分为3型：（1）黏膜型：最常见,主要为胃肠道粘膜内大量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润,以消化吸收不良为主要表现;（2）肌层型,较少见,主要表现为胃肠壁增厚,僵硬呈结节状,可引起幽门梗阻及肠梗阻;     

嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎伴腹水1例报道

嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎(eosinophilic gastroenteritis,EG)是一种以胃肠道组织中嗜酸性粒细胞异常浸润为特征的罕见胃肠道疾病。随着医务工作者对该病的认识不断深入,该病的文献报道逐渐增多。到目前为止,国内已有100余例报道[1],但因其临床表现缺乏特异性,故该病误诊率仍较高。本文报道我院2013年接诊的1例EG伴腹水的病例。     

特发性高嗜酸性粒细胞综合征1例报告

特发性嗜酸性粒细胞增多综合征（idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome，IHES）是一组病因未明、发病机制也了解不多、临床表现多种多样、以成熟嗜酸粒细胞增多为主伴有多脏器损害的综合征，有关文献报道较少见。本文对1例IHES伴多脏器损害病例进行分析并复习有关文献，以增进临床医生对该病的认识。     

嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎的诊断及治疗

嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎(EoE)是一种慢性、由过敏原触发、Th2细胞介导的食管疾病,其特点是食管嗜酸性粒细胞增多浸润为主的炎症进而引发临床上以食管功能障碍为主的症状。其治疗方法包括药物治疗、饮食治疗及食管扩张,简称"3D"治疗。由于该病是一种慢性疾病,所以多数需要长期治疗,以预防复发及并发症的出现。本文对近年来EoE诊断及治疗方法的相关临床进展进行阐述,提供最新的EoE诊断及疾病管理方式。     

Eosinophil function in eosinophil-associated gastrointestinal disorders

Eosinophil-associated gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) are characterized by a rich eosinophilic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract in the absence of known causes for eosinophilia or other gastrointestinal disorders. These disorders include eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic gastritis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, eosinophilic enteritis, and eosinophilic colitis, and are being recognized with increasing frequency. Clinical studies suggest that eosinophils have a pathogenic role in EGID; however, the function of eosinophils in these disorders remains an enigma. In this review, we brie.y describe the clinical features of EGID of the esophagus, small bowel, and colon. We summarize recent experimental analysis examining the underlying contribution of eosinophils to disease pathogenesis and discuss possible therapeutic approaches for the treatment of these diverse diseases.     

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: A state‐of‐the‐art review

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders are a series of diseases that include eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic gastritis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, eosinophilic enteritis, and eosinophilic colitis. Among these disorders, eosinophilic gastroenteritis is an uncommon and heterogeneous disease characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract in the absence of secondary causes, presenting with a variety of gastrointestinal manifestations. Up to now, epidemiology and pathophysiology of eosinophilic gastroenteritis are still unclear. Based on clinical manifestations and depth of eosinophilic infiltration into the gastrointestinal tract wall, eosinophilic gastroenteritis is classified into three different patterns including predominantly mucosal pattern, predominantly muscular pattern, and predominantly serosal pattern. For diagnosing eosinophilic gastroenteritis, it is necessary for clinicians to have a high degree of clinical suspicion. In addition to the gastrointestinal symptoms, other evidences such as laboratory results, radiological findings and endoscopy can also provide important diagnostic evidences for eosinophilic gastroenteritis. And these indirect pieces of information together with histological results will lead to a definitive diagnosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. To avoid specific allergen, dietary treatments can be considered as initial treatment strategy before drug treatment. Corticosteroids are the main medication for eosinophilic gastroenteritis and have a dramatic therapeutic efficacy. Yet other medications need to further verify their effects in clinical practice, and surgery should be avoided as far as possible.     

Food allergies and eosinophilic gastrointestinal illness

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders are characterized by eosinophilic infiltration and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract in the absence of previously identified causes of eosinophilia, such as parasitic infections, malignancy, collagen vascular diseases, drug sensitivities, and inflammatory bowel disease. These disorders include eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, eosinophilic enteritis, and eosinophilic colitis. This article focuses mainly on eosinophilic esophagitis and eosinophilic gastroenteritis.     

Biliary tract disease: a rare manifestation of eosinophilic gastroenteritis

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is a rare inflammatory disease characterized by diffuse or scattered eosinophilic infiltration of the digestive tract and usually by peripheral blood eosinophilia. The most common presenting symptoms of EGE are abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea, but clinical features depend on which layers or location of gastrointestinal tract are involved. Treatment with corticosteroids results in clinical and histological remission in most patients and surgery can be avoided if a correct diagnosis is made. Previous history of allergy is a key to diagnosing EGE, but peripheral eosinophilia may be absent in some patients under concomitant treatment with corticosteroids. Radiological and endoscopic findings are also nonspecific and diagnosis must always be histologically confirmed. The gastrointestinal involvement is patchy in distribution, so more than one panendoscopic examination is often necessary to establish the diagnosis, and surgical or CT-guided full-thickness biopsy is needed in patients with muscular or serosal involvement. It emphasises the importance of a high index of clinical suspicion, which mainly depends on knowledge of natural history of the disease. We report here a case of EGE associated with transmural eosinophilic cholecystocholangitis, in a patient who presented with dyspeptic symptoms and recurrent cholestasis responsive to corticoesteroids. To our knowledge, this patient represents the second case, in the English literature, in which corticoid-responsive cholangitis was associated to histologically proven eosinophilic cholecystitis and gastrointestinal involvement, suggesting that EGE must always be considered in the differential diagnosis of biliary tract disease in patients with eosinophilia and/or atopic diseases.     

Eosinophilic ascites as an uncommon presentation of eosinophilic gastroenteritis: A case report

BackgroundEosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is defined by the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms, with an abnormal eosinophilic infiltrate of the intestine wall and exclusion of other causes of secondary eosinophilia. EGE has three clinical presentations, depending on the depth of eosinophilic infiltration of the bowel wall. It individualizes into three types, namely mucosal, muscular, and subserosal. Eosinophilic ascites, which is caused by edema and eosinophilic inflammation of the serosal layer of the small bowel wall, is the most uncommon presentation of EGE.Case summaryA 30-year-old Egyptian woman presented with pain in the epigastrium and diffuse abdominal distension. Past medical history comprised allergy to iron injections (for iron deficiency anemia). Clinical examination showed moderate abdominal distention (palpation) and shifting dullness (percussion) suggestive of moderate ascites; mild right pleural effusion was also suspected, but findings were otherwise unremarkable. Abdominal and pelvic examinations by ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed moderate ascites, mild right pleural effusion, and diffuse thickening of the antrum and small bowel loops. Endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract revealed mild diffuse hyperemia of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum, with no relevant findings in the histopathology of biopsy specimens taken from these sites. Laboratory results showed eosinophilia in the peripheral blood and marked increase of eosinophils in the ascitic fluid. Treatment with corticosteroids resulted in normalization of the laboratory test results, and the ascites resolved within a week of initiation of therapy.ConclusionEosinophilic ascites, characterized by increased eosinophils in peripheral blood and ascitic fluid, showed dramatic response to steroid therapy.     

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: a review

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a clinicopathological disease affecting both children and adults that is characterized by patchy or diffuse eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract with variable resultant clinical gastrointestinal manifestations. The eosinophil, eotaxin, and Th-2 cytokines are important in pathogenesis of this disease entity. It may be confused with parasitic and bacterial infections (including Helicobacter pylori), inflammatory bowel disease, hypereosinophilic syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, periarteritis, allergic vasculitis, scleroderma, drug injury, and drug hypersensivity. Obtaining the correct diagnosis is important, and a pathologist usually makes this distinction. Effective treatments include systemic/topical corticosteroids, specific food elimination or an elemental diet, certain drugs, and even surgery. A variety of new therapeutic approaches are now under trial.     

Eosinophilic colitis

Eosinophilic colitis （EC） is a rare form of primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease with a bimodal peak of prevalence in neonates and young adults. EC remains a little understood condition in contrast to the increasingly recognized eosinophilic esophagitis. Clinical presentation of EC is highly variable according to mucosal, transmural, or serosal predominance of inflammation. EC has a broad differential diagnosis because colon tissue eosinophilia often occurs in parasitic infection, drug-induced allergic reactions, inflammatory bowel disease, and various connective tissue disorders, which require thorough searching for secondary causes that may be specifically treated with antibiotics or dietary and drug elimination. Like eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease involving other segments of the gastrointestinal tract, EC responds very well to steroids that may be spared by using antihistamines, leukotriene inhibitors and biologics.     

A 78-year-old woman with an acute eosinophilic gastroenteritis

Eosinophil accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract is a common feature of numerous disorders including mainly parasitic infection, drug-induced allergic reactions, inflammatory bowel disease, and various connective tissue disorders. Digestive tissue eosinophilia requires thorough searching for secondary causes that may be specifically treated with antibiotics, dietary and drug elimination or immunosuppressive therapy. Frequency, prognosis and therapeutic implications must guide the diagnostic course. An acute eosinophilic gastroenteritis in a 78-year-old asthmatic woman receiving celecoxib is reported. She presented later with neurologic and cutaneous features and was finally treated by methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide. The diagnostic approach leading to a Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) assertion is described. We discuss the pathogenesis, the management and the potential enhancing role of celecoxib in CSS gastrointestinal involvement.     

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis despite its uncommon occurrence is one of the most important primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders, and most commonly presents with abdominal pain. The terminology is, however, misleading because all levels of the gastrointestinal tract from the esophagus to the rectum may be affected. A history of atopy and allergies is present in 25-75% cases. The heterogeneity in the clinical presentations of EG is determined by the site and depth of eosinophilic infiltration. Eosinophilic intestinal inflammation also occurs secondarily in the gastrointestinal tract in inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune diseases, as reactions to medications, infections, hypereosinophilia syndrome, and after solid organ transplantation. Recent investigations providing an insight into the pathogenesis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis support a critical role for allergens, eosinophils, Th-2 type cytokines, and eotaxin in mediating eosinophilic inflammation. The diagnosis is confirmed by demonstrating prominent tissue eosinophilia on histopathology. Treatment recommendations based on data extrapolated from retrospective, uncontrolled studies, and expert opinion support the use of restricted diets, corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and mast cell stabilizers. Many unanswered questions remain with regard to the natural history, optimal duration of therapy, safer steroid-sparing long-term treatment agents, and the means of reliable and non-invasive follow-up.     

Narrative Review: how long should patients with cough variant asthma or non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis be treated?

The causes of chronic cough can be categorized into eosinophilic and noneosinophilic disorders, and approximately 30% to 50% of people with chronic cough have eosinophilic airway inflammation, the presence of which can be confirmed by sputum eosinophilia or elevated exhaled nitric-oxide levels. Cough variant asthma (CVA) is a phenotype of asthma which lacks wheezing or dyspnea, and consistently one of the most common causes of chronic cough worldwide. CVA and non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (NAEB) shares common feature such as chronic dry cough, eosinophilic inflammation, and development of chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) and asthma in a subset of patients. The distinctive characteristic of these conditions is the presence of airway hyperresponsiveness in CVA but not in NAEB. Coughing is responsive to bronchodilators such as beta-agonists in CVA, but such feature has not been clarified in NAEB. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are the first-line treatment, and leukotriene receptor antagonists are also effective, in patients with both CVA and NAEB. This review will give an outline of clinical and physiological features, and prognosis and its determinants of CVA and EBNA. Further, the rationale and evidence, despite limited, for the need of long-term treatment will be discussed. The development of airway remodeling due to mechanical stress to the airways exerted by long-standing coughing will also be discussed.