低温等离子刀扁桃体切除术与传统扁桃体剥离术疗效的比较

目的:比较分析低温等离子刀扁桃体切除术与传统扁桃体剥离术的疗效。方法:将64例慢性扁桃体炎患者随机分为传统扁桃体剥离术(传统手术组)和低温等离子刀扁桃体切除术(等离子手术组)2组。传统手术组39例采用传统扁桃体剥离术治疗,等离子手术组25例采用低温等离子刀扁桃体切除术治疗。分析2组手术方式在手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛时间、术后出血发生概率上有无差异。结果:传统手术组与等离子手术组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛时间上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组术后出血发生概率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:低温等离子刀扁桃体切除术较传统扁桃体剥离术手术时间短,术中出血少,术后疼痛轻,恢复快,安全性高。     

三种不同扁桃体切除术疗效比较

目的 探讨比较冷器械切除+缝合术、单极电凝切除术、等离子射频术三种不同手术方法切除扁桃体的疗效。 方法 将扁桃体切除术患者分为三组,冷器械切除+缝合术(A组)65例;单极电凝切除术(B组)40例;等离子射频切除术(C组)38例。记录扁桃体切除手术总时间、术中出血量、疼痛评分,术后复查时观察扁桃体白膜状况。 结果 A、B、C三组的平均手术时间分别为58.8 min、27.0 min、23.7 min;术中平均出血量分别为34.2 mL、16.1 mL、12.5 mL;术后3 h和术后第1天的疼痛评分之间,差异均有统计学意义。 结论 与冷器械切除+缝合术和单极电凝切除术相比,等离子射频术切除扁桃体费用较高,但其手术时间短,术中出血量少,术后疼痛程度小。     

等离子扁桃体切除术与常规剥离法扁桃体切除术之比较

目的:比较等离子扁桃体切除术与常规剥离法扁桃体切除术对患者术中、术后的影响。方法:随机将56例患者分为等离子组和对照组,等离子组用低温等离子射频消融系统连接EVac70刀头,能量设置为6,切除扁桃体;对照组则采用常规剥离法扁桃体切除术,手术均由同一术者完成。记录两侧扁桃体切除所需时间和出血量;术后第1天至第10天患者每日记录咽部疼痛情况,恢复正常活动时间和正常饮食时间;术后第10天,医师观察并记录扁桃体窝内的白膜状况。结果:等离子组手术时间比对照组短,术中总出血量<10ml,而对照组平均出血量为(119±43)ml;等离子组患者术后疼痛轻于对照组,且比对照组更早恢复正常饮食;2组患者恢复正常活动时间的差异无统计学意义;等离子组较对照组白膜脱落慢。等离子组有1例患者于术后第7天口咽部有活动性出血,需缝扎止血。结论:等离子扁桃体切除术与剥离法相比,患者术后疼痛明显减轻,出血量极少,手术方法容易掌握,但扁桃体窝愈合的时间较长。     

超声刀扁桃体切除术的临床病理研究

目的　探讨超声刀扁桃体切除术的临床应用价值。方法　将40例需行扁桃体切除术的患者分为2组,采用自身对照。A组30例,患者右侧行超声刀扁桃体切除术,左侧行传统扁桃体剥离术;B组10例,右侧行超声刀扁桃体切除术,左侧行针式电刀扁桃体切除术。记录患者左右两侧的手术时间、术中出血量、白膜开始脱落的时间、术后出血发生率及疼痛评分。光学显微镜下观察扁桃体组织的损伤程度并测量其损伤深度。结果　A组超声刀的术中出血量、手术时间、术后疼痛均优于传统手术,但白膜开始脱落的时间稍延迟,差异有统计学意义;B组超声刀的术中出血和手术时间优于针式电刀,而术后疼痛、白膜开始脱落时间两者相比差异无统计学意义;两组患者的术后原发性及继发性出血率差异无统计学意义;3种术式对扁桃体组织的热损伤深度中位数分别为0.60、0.25、0.53 mm,差异有统计学意义。结论　超声刀扁桃体切除术是一种安全、有效的手术方式,值得临床推广应用。     

全麻下单极电刀切除扁桃体90例疗效观察

目的 探讨全麻下运用单极电刀实施扁桃体切除术的临床疗效。方法 将行扁桃体切除术的患者180例随机平均分为两组,术前全身麻醉,实验组（A组）行单极电刀全程切除双侧扁桃体,对照组（B组）采用传统扁桃体剥离术,对两组的手术时间、出血量、白膜脱离时间及术后疼痛程度等进行比较。结果 A组术中出血量、手术时间较B组明显减少,术后疼痛时间也较B有所降低,但是白膜脱落时间稍长。结论 全麻下单极电刀扁桃体切除术有操作简便、视野清楚、手术时间短、术中出血极少等优势。     

运用单极电刀与传统方法实施扁桃体切除术治疗睡眠呼吸暂停综合征疗效比较

目的 比较分析单极电刀扁桃体切除术与传统扁桃体剥离术的疗效,区别优缺点。方法 由于扁桃体肥大引起阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)或慢性扁桃体炎而需要切除双侧扁桃体的患儿80例,实施双侧扁桃体切除治疗。其中行单极电刀扁桃体切除术40例（A组）,行传统扁桃体切除术40例（B组）。分析两个组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛程度方面的差异。结果 两组在手术时间、术中出血量方面差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;疼痛程度差异无统计学意义。两组患儿术后均未发生出血。结论 单极电刀切除儿童扁桃体安全,术中出血量少,手术效率提高。     

低温等离子扁桃体消融术与常规扁桃体剥离术在儿童手术中的对比研究

目的：比较低温等离子扁桃体消融术与常规扁桃体剥离术对患儿术中、术后的影响。方法：92例患儿,随机分为等离子组和对照组,等离子组用低温等离子射频消融系统连接EVac70T＆A刀头,能量设置为7,消融扁桃体;对照组则采用常规扁桃体剥离术,分别记录2种方法所需时间和出血量;使用Wong—Baker FACES疼痛评分表记录术后第1天至第10天患儿每日咽部疼痛情况,恢复正常饮食和正常活动时间;记录术后并发症。结果：等离子组手术时间比对照组短（分别为10．2min和36．5min,P〈0．01）,等离子组术中平均出血量为（6．83±3．36）ml,而对照组为（30．07±7．04）ml;等离子组患儿术后第1、2、3天疼痛轻于对照组,第4～10天两组差异无统计学意义;等离子组比对照组更早恢复正常饮食,但恢复正常活动时间相似。对照组有1例患儿于术后第6天口咽部有活动性出血,需缝扎止血。结论：低温等离子扁桃体消融术与常规扁桃体剥离术相比,手术时间缩短,出血量极少,手术方法容易掌握,恢复正常饮食时间早,术后前3天疼痛较轻。     

低温等离子刀与双极电凝在扁桃体切除术中的疗效比较

目的比较低温等离子射频消融术与双极电凝法对扁桃体切除术患者的临床疗效。方法选取我院于2012年6月-2014年8月收治的82例行双侧扁桃体切除术的成人患者为研究对象,将其分为观察组与对照组,观察组采用低温等离子刀切除扁桃体,对照组采用双极电凝切除扁桃体。比较两组扁桃体切除时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛程度、恢复正常饮食时间、假膜脱落时间。结果观察组切除扁桃体手术时间、术中出血量均较对照组少,且比对照组更早恢复正常饮食,术后疼痛也较对照组轻,假膜脱落时间也短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论低温等离子刀切除扁桃体具有术中出血少、手术时间短、安全有效等优势,值得临床推广应用。     

扁桃体低温等离子射频消融术术后出血的对照研究

目的　比较阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患儿行扁桃体低温等离子射频消融术与扁桃体传统剥离术术后出血发生情况,为扁桃体切除术的选择 提供参考。方法　采用回顾性临床病例对照研究方法,从2015年10月～2017年10月行扁桃体切除患儿682例,其中采用传统剥离术342例（对照组）,低温等离子射频消融术340例（观察组）,比较两组术后出血发生率、出血类型和出血分级的差异。结果　观察组术后出血发生率为3.51%,对照组为7.35%,两组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组术后继发性出血率为75%,对照组为32%,两组间比例差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;术后出血分级构成比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论　观察组与对照组对比,具有术后出血发生率低,术后继发性出血发生率高,尤其在处理小动脉性出血时,若单靠等离子刀低温电凝止血,可能发生严重的术后出血,可联合使用传统结扎或电凝等止血方法。     

低温等离子辅助与电刀单极电凝扁桃体切除术的应用体会

目的通过与单极电凝扁桃体切除术的比较,探讨低温等离子技术在扁桃体切除术中的应用价值及优点。方法将2013年1月~2015年12月在我科住院行扁桃体切除术74例患者分成低温等离子切除术A组、电刀单极电凝术B组,记录扁桃体切除的手术时间、术中出血量及术后疼痛评分。结果所有患者术中经过顺利,术中无腺体残留,低温等离子组手术时间短、术中出血少、术后疼痛较轻,与电刀单极电凝术组比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05)。结论与电刀相比,低温等离子辅助下扁桃体切除术具有术中操作方便、手术时间及术中出血少、术后疼痛轻、微创安全等特点,值得临床推广。     

低温等离子刀、超声刀及传统方式行扁桃体切除术的比较

目的 探讨运用低温等离子刀、超声刀及传统手术方式行扁桃体切除术的优、缺点,并对三种术式特点和应用价值进行评价。 方法 需行扁桃体切除术的患者117例,分为低温等离子刀组、超声刀组及传统组,每组各39例,记录双侧扁桃体切除术的手术时间和术中出血量、术后咽部疼痛、术后原发性及继发性出血等。 结果 等离子刀组、超声刀组的手术时间及术中出血量均较传统组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);等离子刀组手术时间 ［(9.92±4.04)min］较超声刀组手术时间［(15.86±1.36)min］短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组术中出血量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。等离子刀组、超声刀组分别与传统组在术后前3天的疼痛评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),此后三组疼痛评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);等离子刀组较超声刀组术后疼痛轻,但是两者疼痛评分差异无统计学意义。等离子刀组与传统组各出现1例术后原发性出血的病例。等离子刀组1例、超声刀组1例、传统组2例出现继发性出血。三组伪膜开始脱落时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组术后24 h咽部水肿评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),等离子刀组及超声刀组咽部水肿轻于传统组,但等离子刀组与传统组咽部水肿差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 低温等离子刀切除扁桃体是较为安全、有效的手术方法,但其费用相对较高。对于慢性扁桃体炎病程长且瘢痕粘连较重的患者,建议选用超声刀切除扁桃体。     

咽腭弓肌黏膜瓣闭合扁桃体等离子术后创面的临床疗效

目的 对扁桃体等离子切除术的术式进行改进,分析咽腭肌黏膜瓣闭合扁桃体等离子术创面对术后疗效的改善情况。 方法 对需行扁桃体等离子切除术患者进行随机分组。105例行常规扁桃体等离子切除术(大多数囊内切除),94例在扁桃体等离子切除后制作局部咽腭肌黏膜瓣闭合扁桃体窝创面。对两组患者的术后疼痛、创面反应及出血情况进行分类统计,分析比较应用咽腭肌黏膜瓣修复的临床效果。 结果 在术后第1至第7天,实验组与对照组患者间的疼痛程度、创面反应情况及出血并发症的发生均有差异。实验组不同层次疼痛程度的病例数明显少于对照组,术后创面反应观察中,实验组白膜脱落时间较对照组明显缩短,出血概率明显减低。 结论 应用咽腭肌黏膜瓣闭合扁桃体等离子切除后创面操作简便,可明显改善患者术后疼痛,促进创面愈合,减少创面术后出血概率。     

低温等离子射频消融术切除扁桃体的安全性及可行性Meta分析

目的　评价低温等离子射频消融术切除扁桃体的安全性及可行性。方法　计算机检索Medline数据库、Pubmed、中国生物医学数据库（CBM）、CNKI及万方数据库国内外关于低温等离子射频消融术与传统扁桃体剥除术的随机对照试验及临床对照试验。运用RevMan 5.1软件对两种手术方式在术中、术后指标进行Meta分析。结果　共纳入20个随机对照试验和5个临床对照试验,共4162例患者。低温等离子射频消融术与传统扁桃体剥除术相比,显著缩短了手术时间[MD=-16.04,95%CI（-20.24,-11.84）,P <0.00001],减少了术中出血量[MD=-50.07,95%CI（-66.03,-34.11）,P <0.00001],缩短了住院时间[MD=-3.18,95%CI（-5.72,-0.63）,P =0.01],加快了恢复进食时间[MD=-1.98,95%CI（-3.11,-0.85）,P =0.0006],减轻了患者疼痛程度（术后6、24、48、72 h）（VAS评 分）（P <0.05）,减少了术后并发症发生率[MD=0.65,95%CI（0.46,0.93）,P =0.02],同时延长了白膜脱落时间[MD=1.84,95%CI（0.24,3.44）,P =0.02],而平均疼痛时间无显著差别。结论　现有的研究表明,低温等离子射频消融术切除扁桃体在应用价值上具有创伤小、恢复快,更加安全和有效,但是由于数量少,期待更多高质量的试验提供高质量的证据。     

定量组织速度成像对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患儿左心功能的研究

目的：应用定量组织速度成像（QTVI）评价阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患儿腺样体和（或）扁桃体切除术前、后左心功能变化,探讨儿童OSAHS对左心功能的影响及QTVI的临床应用价值,确定手术对儿童OSAHS的治疗作用。方法：根据AHI将经PSG确诊的55例扁桃体和（或）腺样体肥大的OSAHS患儿分为轻度、中度及重度组;39例中、重度OSAHS患儿接受腺样体和（或）扁桃体切除术,将其中25例术后随访6个月再行PSG及QTV1的患儿设为实验组;选取20名正常儿童为对照组,应用QTV1技术进行检测。结果：术前0SAHs中度及重度组Va高于对照组,重度组Ve／Va低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,Vs各组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。术后6个月AHI及Va均降低,与术前组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。Ve／Va手术前后各组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：中、重度OSAHS患儿早期有不同程度左室舒张功能下降,二尖瓣环QTVI技术参数能够敏感反映OSAHS患儿左心功能早期改变,在判断左心功能早期变化方面有重要价值。手术切除腺样体和（或）扁桃体是治疗儿童OSAHS的有效方法,可使心肌功能障碍发生逆转。     

Coblation versus unipolar electrocautery tonsillectomy: a prospective, randomized, single-blind study in adult patients

OBJECTIVES: To determine if the coblation tonsillectomy (subcapsular dissection) results in less postoperative pain, equivalent intraoperative blood loss, equivalent postoperative hemorrhage rates, and faster healing compared with tonsillectomy was performed using unipolar electrocautery in adult patients. STUDY DESIGN: The authors conducted a prospective clinical trial. METHODS: Forty-eight patients underwent tonsillectomy and were randomly assigned to have one tonsil removed with coblation and the other with unipolar electrocautery. Outcome measures included time to remove each tonsil, intraoperative blood loss, patient-reported pain, postoperative hemorrhage, and amount of healing 2 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: Mean time to remove a single tonsil with coblation and electrocautery was 8.22 minutes and 6.33 minutes, respectively (P = .011). Mean intraoperative blood loss for each technique was less than 10 mL. Postoperative pain was significantly less with coblation as compared with electrocautery: 18.6% less painful during the first week of recovery. Seventy percent of blinded patients identified the coblation side as less painful during the overall 14-day convalescent period. Postoperative hemorrhage rates (2.1% for coblation and 6.2% for electrocautery) were not significantly different. No difference in tonsillar fossa healing was observed between the two techniques 2 weeks after surgery. During nine of the 48 surgeries, wires on the tip of the coblation handpiece experienced thinning to the point of discontinuity while removing a single tonsil. CONCLUSIONS: Coblation subcapsular tonsillectomy was less painful than electrocautery tonsillectomy in this 48-patient group. On average, intraoperative blood loss was less than 10 mL for both techniques. Postoperative hemorrhage rates and the degree of tonsillar fossa healing were similar between the two techniques. The coblation handpiece experienced degradation of vital wires in 18% of cases necessitating the use of a second, new handpiece.     

低温等离子射频消融术治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征疗效观察

目的观察使用低温等离子射频消融技术治疗因扁桃体腺样体肥大所致儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）的疗效。方法收集我院2012年4月～2013年6月资料完整的扁桃体腺样体肥大的患儿48例,其中男27例、女21例,年龄4～12岁。患儿全部在全麻下行鼻内镜低温等离子射频消融术治疗。结果所有患儿术后呼吸暂停和通气不足、伴有打鼾、憋气、血氧饱和度下降、白天嗜睡、多动及厌食等症状明显缓解,术后2个月随访行多道睡眠监测（PSG）检查,治愈37例、显效8例、有效2例、无效1例,总有效率99％。呼吸暂停指数（AHI）术前（18．28±7．56）次／h,术后（4．60±2．28）次／h（t=13,46,P〈0．05）;夜间最低血氧饱和度术前（80．20±3．27）％,术后（94．88±1.23）％（t=29．15,P〈0．05）,差异有统计学意义。结论采用鼻内镜下低温等离子射频消融术治疗儿童OSAHS疗效显著,具有低温微创、术中出血少、安全性高、操作简单、恢复期短、创面愈合·陕、并发症少、术后疼痛轻微等优点。     

The effects of dexamethasone,bupivacaine and topical lidocaine spray on pain after tonsillectomy

OBJECTIVE: To compare the administration of bupivacaine hydrochloride, dexamethasone and lidocaine hydrochloride in decreasing post-tonsillectomy pain. METHODS: Eighty patients were enrolled in the study in ENT Clinic, Firat University, and in ENT Clinic Elazi? SSK Hospital, Elazi? (Turkey). Children between 6 and 14 years of age referred to our department for bilateral tonsillectomy for either recurrent tonsillitis or tonsillar hypertrophy. Data from 80 patients were analyzed. The first group had bupivacaine hydrochloride. The second group had dexamethasone infiltrated around each tonsil. The third group was given equal doses of 10% lidocain hydrochloride sprayed on the tonsillectomy fossa four times a day, and a placebo group received 9% NaCl applied to the tonsillar fossa four times a day. Pain scores, determined by visual analog scale, were obtained in the first, third and seventh postoperative days. RESULTS: Pain scores in the postoperative period were identical in the first, third and seventh postoperative days. According to VAS results the groups were compared on the basis of postoperative pain. In the first postoperative day, the difference between bupivacaine-placebo, dexamethasone-placebo and lidocaine-placebo groups was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). Nevertheless the difference between bupivacaine-dexamethasone, bupivacaine-lidocaine and dexamethasone-lidocaine were not significant (P>0.05). In the third postoperative day, the difference between bupivacaine and lidocaine group found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). In the seventh post-operative day the results of bupivacaine, dexamethasone, lidocaine and placebo groups were similar (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Bupivacaine, Dexamethasone and Lidocaine nasal aerosol decreased the pain significantly in the first postoperative day when it was compared with the placebo group. These three medicines can be used to reduce pain for children during the postoperative period applied tonsillectomy during the post-operative period. But lidocaine was more preferable, reducing pain in the third postop day better than bupivacaine.     

局部注射布比卡因或利多卡因对全身麻醉下儿童鼾症术后疼痛的影响

目的：比较局部注射布比卡因或利多卡因对全身麻醉下儿童鼾症术后疼痛的影响。方法：选取60例儿童鼾症患者分为3组,组1注射0．9％NaCl（生理盐水组）;组2注射0．25％布比卡因（布比卡因组）;组3注射2％利多卡因（利多卡因组）。采用面部表情模拟评分（McGrath’s facescale）记录术后2、6、12、18h和术后1、2、3、4、5、6、7d疼痛强度。结果：术后2、6h,3组疼痛值相似,差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）;术后12h,布比卡因组疼痛值低于生理盐水组,有显著性差异（P（0．05）;术后18～24h直至术后7d,布比卡因组和利多卡因组疼痛值显著低于生理盐水组,有显著性差异（P（0．05）,但布比卡因组和利多卡因组比较无显著性差异（P2〉0．05）。生理盐水组的疼痛高峰在术后18h,布比卡因组和利多卡因组疼痛高峰在术后第2h且随着时间延长呈下降趋蛰．结诊．屠部沣茸寸布比卡因或利多卡因可有效减轻儿童鼾症术后疼痛．两者无显著件羊异．     

Radiofrequency tonsil reduction: safety,morbidity, and efficacy

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety, morbidity, and efficacy of radiofrequency tissue volume reduction of tonsils using two different surgical techniques and to compare these two techniques with each other and with classic tonsillectomy. STUDY DESIGN: A nonrandomized retrospective review of tonsil reductions was made between 2000 and 2002 using in vivo studies associated with tonsil reduction and tonsillectomy performed either in the hospital operating room or in the outpatient treatment area. METHODS: We studied 150 patients and divided them into three main groups based on surgical technique. Group A consisted of 50 consecutive patients who underwent tonsil "ablation," Group B contained another 50 consecutive individuals who received tonsil "coblation," and Group C consisted of 50 patients who underwent classic tonsillectomy (cold dissection). Each group consisted of two subcategories of children (age range, 1-12 y) and adults (age range, 12-60 y) with chronic tonsillar hypertrophy. Most of the pediatric patients underwent adenoidectomy during the same surgical procedure. Indications for tonsillectomy were those listed by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. A retrospective chart review was used to assess procedures, safety, morbidity, and efficacy of tonsil reduction and tonsillectomy. Four specific end points of morbidity were investigated: pain, return to normal diet, return to normal activity, and use of pain medication. Efficacy of tonsillectomy was determined by the clinical observation of the remaining tonsillar tissue and compared with pretreatment photographs of the tonsils. RESULTS: There were no complications in any of the groups. Efficacy was assessed based on the mean tonsil reduction and was found to be 100% for tonsillectomy, 86% for the tonsil coblation technique, but only 53.6% for the ablation technique. Morbidity was minimal in groups A and B and significantly greater in Group C. The number of pain days, narcotic-use days, and days before return to normal diet and activity were greatly reduced in groups A and B when compared with classic tonsillectomy (group C). Pain levels on day 1 were less than 3 (on a scale of 1-10) in groups A and B. The number of pain days and narcotic-use days was less than 4 days in groups A and B. Similarly, most patients returned to solid diet and normal activity by day 4. Pain levels, number of narcotic-use days, and number of days to return to normal diet and activity were significantly higher for classic tonsillectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Tonsil coblation has distinct advantages when compared with tonsil ablation and standard tonsillectomy. Tonsil coblation resulted in greater than 86% elimination of tonsillar tissue in both children and adults. In most patients, pain levels were minimal and limited to the first 48 hours after surgery. Return to normal diet and activity was much earlier in the coblation group versus classic tonsillectomy.