山杜英叶的化学成分研究

目的:对山杜英叶的化学成分进行研究。方法:应用多种色谱技术进行分离纯化,通过理化方法和波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果:分离并鉴定了6个化合物分别为:邻羟基苯甲醛(1)、松柏醇(2)、伞形花内酯(3)、东莨菪内酯(4)、β-谷甾醇(5)、胡萝卜苷(6)。结论:以上6个化合物均为首次从本属植物中分离得到。     

Protection of swiss albino mice against whole-body gamma irradiation by Mentha piperita (Linn.)

The radioprotective effects of Mentha oil (Mentha piperita Linn.) against radiation induced haematological alterations in peripheral blood and the survival of Swiss albino mice were studied. Mentha oil 40 micro L/animal/day for 3 consecutive days when fed orally prior to whole-body gamma irradiation (8 Gy) showed protection of the animals in terms of the survival percentage and haematological parameters in mice. Fifty per cent of the animals died within 20 days and 100% mortality was observed up to 30 days post-irradiation in the control irradiated group. Whereas only 17% of the mice died within 30 days in the experimental group (Mentha oil pretreated irradiated). The total RBC count decreased maximally at 24 h (3.45 +/- 0.20 x 10(12)/L, p < 0.001), similar observations were obtained for the WBC count, haemoglobin content and haematocrit percentage in the irradiated control animals. However, in irradiated animals pretreated with Mentha oil, although the initial values of haematological components were lower they later showed a remarkable recovery reaching normal at 30 days post-irradiation compared with the irradiated control animals. In general, the recovery of the blood cell number in irradiated animals depends on the survival of stem cells and their derivatives. The results from the present study suggest that the oil of Mentha piperita (Linn.) has a radioprotective role in stimulating/protecting the haematopoietic system. Hence, enhanced survival and an increase in the haematological constituents of peripheral blood of mice against lethal gamma radiation was observed.     

Immunostimulation of sugar cane extract on neutrophils to Salmonella typhimurium infection in mice

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of sugar cane extract (SCE) on the biological activities of neutrophils in mice. Six‐week‐old BALB/c mice were fed 1250 mg/kg of SCE once. The generation, migration and biological functions of neutrophils and the survival rates of the mice in response to Salmonella typhimurium infection were evaluated. The results show that the numbers of both bone marrow cells and neutrophils were significantly increased in response to SCE administration (p < 0.05) compared with controls. The migration, phagocytosis and H₂O₂ generation of neutrophils were all significantly enhanced in SCE‐treated mice (p < 0.05). After challenge with S. typhimurium (lethal dose, 50% (LD₅₀)), SCE‐treated mice had a 19.2% higher survival rate and milder hepatic lesions than the controls. Additionally, fewer invasive bacteria were recovered from the spleens of SCE‐treated mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that SCE has a positive regulatory effect on the biological function of mouse neutrophils that may increase host resistance against bacterial infections. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The evaluation of the radioprotective effect of chyavanaprasha (an ayurvedic rasayana drug) in mice exposed to lethal dose of gamma-radiation: a preliminary study

The effect of various doses of 50% ethanolic extract of chyavanaprasha (an Ayurvedic rejuvenating herbal preparation) was studied on the survival of mice exposed to 10 Gy of gamma-radiation. Treatment with chyavanaprasha, consecutively for fi ve days before irradiation, delayed symptoms of radiation sickness and onset of mortality when compared with the non-drug treated irradiated controls. All doses of chyavanaprasha provided a significant protection against gastrointestinal (GI) death (death of animals within 10 days after exposure to radiation), however, highest protection against GI death was observed for 15 mg/kg chyavanaprasha. Chyavanaprasha also provided a significant protection against the bone marrow death after 10 to 40 mg/kg. However, the best protection was seen for 15 mg/kg, where the highest number of survivors was observed at the end of 30 days post-irradiation. The drug was non-toxic up to a dose of 6 g/kg b. wt., the highest drug dose that could be tested. Our study demonstrates that chyavanaprasha can provide good radioprotection at a very low non-toxic dose.     

Radiomodulatory influence of Rajgira (Amaranthus paniculatus) leaf extract in Swiss albino mice

Radiomodulatory effect of Rajgira leaf extract against 6, 8 and 10 Gy gamma radiation has been evaluated by 30 day survival of Swiss albino mice. Animals of control groups (untreated irradiated) showed diarrhoea, ruffled hairs, epilation, facial edema and consistent decrease in body weight. These signs were less severe/absent in experimental groups (Rajgira treated irradiated), and recovery in body weight was also early and faster. Thirty day survivability was 66 per cent in control group, exposed to 6 Gy, whereas no animal survived beyond 14 and 10 days after irradiation with 8 and 10 Gy gamma rays respectively. However, 100, 60 and 25 percent survivability was observed in experimental groups at 6, 8 and 10 Gy respectively. Regression analysis of survival data showed that the LD50/30 values were 6.33 and 8.62 Gy for control and experimental animals respectively. The dose reduction factor (DRF) was computed as 1.36. A significant decrease in GSH content and increase in LPO level was observed in control animals, whereas in Rajgira pretreated irradiated animals the level of GSH was recorded significantly higher but LPO level decreased significantly. The results from the present study suggest that Rajgira pretreatment provide protection against gamma irradiation in mice.     

Alteration of lethal effects of gamma rays in Swiss albino mice by Tinospora cordifolia

Tinospora cordifolia is widely used in Ayurvedic medicines. It is known for its immunomodulatory, antihepatotoxic, antistress and antioxidant properties. It has been used in combination with other plant products to prepare a number of Ayurvedic preparations. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the radioprotective effect of an aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia (TC) against (60)Co gamma radiation. Oral administration of TC 5 mg/kg body wt to Swiss albino mice 1 h and 15 days prior to whole body radiation exposure (8 Gy) produced a significant protection in terms of survival percentage. After oral administration of TC 10 mg/kg body wt/day to mice 7 days prior to whole body irradiation (8 Gy) there was no mortality until day 13 and 50% of the animals survived until day 30. Mice exposed to radiation (8 Gy) without TC pretreatment exhibited signs of radiation sickness such as anorexia, lethargy, ruffled hair, diarrhoea and these animals died within 14 days of irradiation. The results from the present study suggest that Tinospora cordifolia has a radioprotective effect in Swiss albino mice, thereby enhancing the survival of mice against a sublethal dose of gamma radiation.     

Antioxidative effect of Rajgira leaf extract in liver of Swiss albino mice after exposure to different doses of gamma radiation

The radioprotective effect of Rajgira leaf extract (800 mg/kg b.wt.) was studied in the liver of Swiss albino mice at various post-irradiation intervals between day 1 and 30 after its oral administration for 15 consecutive days prior to whole body gamma irradiation with 6, 8 and 10 Gy of gamma rays. In this study, abnormal and binucleated hepatocytes were counted in both the control and experimental sets because these hepatocytes are good indicators of radiation-induced damage. In the experimental (RLE + irradiation) sets, the percentage of abnormal and binucleated hepatocytes was lower compared with their respective control (irradiation alone) sets at each autopsy interval with all three radiation doses studied. The increase in the percentage of these hepatocytes was also found to be dose-dependent in the control as well as in the RLE treated (experimental) sets. Thus, Rajgira leaf extract (RLE) treatment given before irradiation protects mouse liver against radiation-induced lesions by increasing the GSH content and decreasing the LPO level.     

Modulation of serum phosphatases activity in Swiss albino mice against gamma irradiation by Mentha piperita Linn

The modulatory influence of mentha oil (Mentha piperita Linn.) against a lethal dose (8.0 Gy) of gamma irradiation on the activities of serum phosphatases in Swiss albino mice was studied at various post-irradiation intervals between 6 h and 30 days. Mentha oil (40 microL/animal/day) given orally for 3 consecutive days prior to whole-body irradiation (8.0 Gy) showed a modulation of activity of serum phosphatases. The values of acid phosphatase activities were significantly higher in the irradiated groups throughout the experiment compared with the mentha treated unirradiated animals. However, the acid phosphatase activity of mentha treated irradiated animals showed a significant decline over untreated irradiated animals at all autopsy intervals, which attained the normal value on day 5. On the contrary, a marked decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase activity was noted in both irradiated groups but in the mentha treated irradiated group the values of alkaline phosphatase activity were found to be significantly higher than the respective control during the period of study being normal at day 5 post-irradiation and onwards.     

紫金散对H22小鼠肝癌实体瘤及腹水瘤抑瘤率的实验研究

目的:观察紫金散对小鼠H22肝癌腹水瘤及实体瘤的抑瘤率及量效关系。方法:将昆明小鼠移植H22肝癌细胞后,分为模型组,环磷酰胺组,紫金散低、中、高剂量组,观察紫金散对肝癌腹水瘤及实体瘤的抑瘤率。结果:紫金散3个剂量组对H22小鼠肝癌腹水瘤抑瘤率分别为6.77%,15.59%,14.90%,紫金散3个剂量组对H22小鼠肝癌实体瘤抑瘤率分别为30.8%,38.31%,48.59%。结论:紫金散对H22小鼠肝癌实体瘤有较好的治疗作用。     

Extract of Hypericum perforatum blocks caffeine-induced locomotor activity in mice: a possible role of nitric oxide

The present study investigated the effects of HPE on caffeine-induced locomotor activity in mice. Caffeine (4-16 mg/kg) or saline were given to adult male Swiss-Webster mice, and the locomotor activity was immediately measured for 30 min. HPE (6-48 mg/kg) and saline were injected to another group of mice and the locomotor activity was measured 20 min later. HPE (6-24 mg/kg) was also administered to another group of mice 20 min before caffeine (16 mg/kg) injections and the locomotor activity was recorded for 30 min immediately after caffeine administrations. Finally l-arginine (1 g/kg) was administered i.p. 20 min before HPE (6 mg/kg) and the locomotor activity was measured as mentioned above. Each group of mice was used only once. Caffeine produced some significant increases in locomotor activity of the mice. HPE (6-24 mg/kg) significantly blocked the caffeine-induced locomotor hyperactivity. Pretreatment of l-arginine (1 g/kg) reversed the inhibitory effect of HPE (6 mg/kg) on caffeine-induced locomotor activity without producing any significant effect on locomotor activity of the mice when it was administered alone. The results suggest that HPE blocks caffeine-induced locomotor hyperactivity in mice. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of HPE on caffeine-induced locomotor activity may be related to its NOS inhibitory property.     

Mechanisms of hypoglycemic activity of panaxans A and B,glycans of Panax ginseng roots: Effects on plasma level,secretion, sensitivity and binding of insulin in mice

Panaxan A did not affect plasma insulin levels and insulin sensitivity, whereas Panaxan B elevated the plasma insulin level and enhanced insulin sensitivity in vivo. When mice were treated with panaxan B, insulin secretion from pancreatic islets was potentiated, while direct addition of panaxan B to pancreatic islets from normal mice showed no enhancement of insulin secretion in vitro. Hypoglycemic activity of panaxan B was not inhibited by indomethacin. Panaxans A and B showed hypoglycemic activity in spontaneously diabetic mice. Insulin binding to isolated adipocytes obtained from panaxan B-treated mice was significantly increased, while direct addition of panaxan B to isolated adipocytes from normal mice elicited no increase of insulin binding. It is concluded that a part of the hypoglycemic activity of panaxan B is due to increase of the plasma insulin level and enhancement of insulin sensitivity, while that of panaxan A is attributable to other mechanisms.