马兜铃酸A在正常大鼠体内的药物动力学

目的　研究马兜铃酸A在正常大鼠体内的药动学。方法　建立了测定马兜铃酸A的高效液相色谱法。色谱条件为HYPERSIL C18柱 (5 μm ,4 0mm× 2 0 0mm) ,流动相为甲醇 :四氢呋喃 :0 .0 2 5mol/LKH2 PO4(pH =3.8) (4 4 :6 :5 0 ) ,流速为 1mL/min ,检测波长为 315nm。SD大鼠 8只 ,分成 2组 ,分别静脉注射马兜铃酸A溶液 0 .2 5mg/kg、2 .5mg/kg ,测定不同时间的血药浓度。用 3p97药动学程序对血药浓度 时间数据进行拟合。结果　大鼠静注马兜铃酸A后 ,其主要的药动学参数为 :低剂量组VC(0 .0 13± 0 .0 0 4 )L ,CLs(0 .2 0 6±0 .132 )L/h ,T1/ 2α(2 .5± 0 .8)min ,T1/ 2 β(10 .9± 2 .5 )min ,曲线下面积AUC(5 4 .0± 12 .8)min·μg/mL ;高剂量组VC(0 .0 14± 0 .0 0 2 )L ,CLs(0 .0 88± 0 .0 2 3)L/h ,T1/ 2α(3.9± 0 .3)min ,T1/ 2 β(2 4 .3± 5 .9)min ,曲线下面积AUC(4 2 0 .1± 74 .2 )min·μg/mL。 结论　马兜铃酸A在大鼠体内呈二室开放模型 ,进入体内分布迅速 ,同时自血浆中代谢消除也较快 ,T1/ 2 β随着剂量的增加明显延长 ,AUC与剂量不成比例 ,具有非线性动力学性质     

载天冬酰胺酶自组装纳米囊的药动学及生物等效性

目的 研究载天冬酰胺酶(Asp)自组装透明质酸-聚乙二醇(HA-g-PEG)/二甲基-β环糊精(DCD)纳米囊(AHDPs)在雄性SD大鼠体内的药代动力学和生物等效性.方法 考察了AHDPs的透射电镜、粒径、zeta电位、包封率,并分别测定大鼠静脉给予AHDPs和游离Asp后,不同时间点大鼠血浆样品中Asp的活性.采用DAS 2.1.1软件计算药动学参数,对AHDPs和游离Asp进行生物等效性评价.结果 AHDPs的平均粒径为(439.63±8.49) nm,zeta电位为(-20.43±2.20) mV,平均包封率为(55.75±4.11)％(n=3).AHDPs和游离Asp的主要药动学参数AUC0-48h分别为(138.93±0.89)U· mL-1·h和(46.38±1.98) U· mL-1·h,AUC0-∞分别为(175.22±13.59)U·mL-1·h和(51.44±3.01)U·mL-1·h,t1/2分别为(4.46±1.04)h和(1.86±0.38)h.与游离Asp比较,AHDPs的AUC0-48 h、AUC0-∞和t1/2分别提高至约游离ASP的3.00、3.40和2.40倍.AUC0-48 h、AUC0-∞和Cmax的90％置信区间分别为76.9％～78.3％、76.9％～78.3％、92.8％～94.4％.结论 AHDPs延长了Asp在大鼠体内的生物半衰期,提高了Asp在大鼠体内的生物利用度,且AHDPs与游离Asp不具有生物等效性.     

5-单硝酸异山梨酯缓释胶囊的人体相对生物利用度、释放度及药代动力学

目的　研究我国珠海和德国两家药厂研制的两种长效异乐定 5 0胶囊的人体相对生物利用度、释放度及药代动力学。方法　采用气相色谱法测定 2 1名健康志愿者血浆中 5 单硝酸异山梨酯 (5 ISMN)的浓度 ,采用液相色谱法测定释放度 ,计算两者的药代动力学参数、相对生物利用度。结果　口服 5 ISMN缓释试验胶囊后的药动学参数分别为 :tmax为 (5 .6 2± 0 .5 0 )h ,ρmax为 (4 5 0 .0 4± 95 .0 2 )ng/mL ,MRT为 (10 .85± 0 .79)h ,T1/ 2 为(6 .48± 0 .89)h ,AUC0～ 3 6h为 (6 90 5 .6 8± 130 0 .0 0 )ng/(mL·h) ,AUC0～∞ 为 (712 1.2 8± 135 4.78)ng/(mL·h) ;口服 5 ISMN缓释参比胶囊后的药动学参数分别为 :tmax为 (5 .5 7± 0 .75 )h ,ρmax为 (4 5 7.13± 98.0 0 )ng/mL ,MRT为 (10 .95± 0 .79)h ,T1/ 2 为 (6 .5 7± 0 .96 )h ,AUC0～ 3 6h为 (712 2 .0 2± 1439.90 )ng/(mL·h) ,AUC0～∞ 为(736 6 .6 8± 15 2 3.30 )ng/(mL·h)。结论　试验胶囊的AUC与参比胶囊相比 ,无显著性差异 ,试验胶囊与参比胶囊生物等效。试验胶囊平均相对生物利用度为 (98± 11) % (n =2 1,以AUC0～T计算 )。将试验胶囊和参比胶囊的药动学参数进行方差分析 ,无显著性差异     

硫普罗宁在大鼠体内的手性药动学

目的研究左旋、右旋硫普罗宁在大鼠体内的立体选择性药动学过程.方法大鼠静脉注射左旋、右旋及消旋硫普罗宁后,用柱前衍生化与LC-MS联用方法测定血浆中药物的浓度.色谱柱为Shimadzu VP-ODS C18(150 mm×2.0 mm,5.0 μm),流动相为甲醇-水(含5.3 mmol/L甲酸,0.1 mmol/L氯化钠),以0.2 mL/min流速进行梯度洗脱.扫描方式为选择性离子检测(SIM),采用正离子方法检测.结果给予硫普罗宁消旋体后,左旋体和右旋体的t1/2分别为(1.49±0.57) h和(0.58±0.24) h,AUC0-∞分别为(15.17±5.95) μg/mL·h和(10.52±3.72) μg/mL·h,CL分别为(1.31±0.70) L/h和(1.79±0.81) L/h;分别静脉注射给予硫普罗宁对映体后,左旋、右旋硫普罗宁的t1/2分别为(1.52±0.28) h和(0.78±0.33) h,AUC0-∞分别为(11.93±5.02) μg/mL·h和(6.26±1.83) μg/mL·h,CL分别为(0.79±0.24) L/h和(2.83±0.84) L/h.结论左旋、右旋硫普罗宁在大鼠体内的药动学行为存在一定的差异,左旋、右旋硫普罗宁在体内没有发生对映体间的相互转化,且两个对映体之间没有明显的相互作用.     

环磷酰胺对丁硫氨酸亚砜胺在大鼠体内的药代动力学影响

目的研究环磷酰胺 (CTX)对丁硫氨酸亚砜胺 (BSO)在SD大鼠体内的药代动力学的影响。　方法SD大鼠腹腔注射CTX 2 0mg/kg(用药组 )或生理盐水 (对照组 ) 4d后 ,静脉注射BSO 2 0 0mg/kg。以邻 -苯二甲醛(OPA)柱前衍生反相HPLC为检测手段 ,测定血浆中BSO的浓度。以 3P87软件对实验数据进行拟合 ,判断房室模型并计算药代动力学参数。　结果SD大鼠静脉注射BSO 2 0 0mg/kg ,体内的动力学过程为二室模型 ,T1/2α为 2 7.4±5 .3min ,T1/2 β为 15 9.3± 10 7.3min ,CLs 为 11.8± 2 .3ml·min-1·kg-1,AUC为 2 99.36± 5 0 .13μg·ml-1·h ;SD大鼠在用CTX后 ,BSO在其体内动力学特征也是二室模型 ,T1/2α为 2 5 .2± 2 .2min ,T1/2 β为 114 .3± 2 5 .9min ,CLs 为 13.8± 3.8ml·min-1·kg-1,AUC为 2 5 6 .5 5± 6 6 .2 8μg·ml-1·h。用药组和对照组的药代动力学参数无显著性差异。结论CTX不影响BSO在大鼠体内的药代动力学过程。     

不同剂量注射用泮托拉唑钠在健康人体内的药代动力学和药效学研究

目的 观察不同剂量注射用泮托拉唑钠在中国健康志愿者体内的药代动力学和药效学特征,并评价其安全性.方法 用单中心、随机、开放、平行对照的试验设计,筛选20名健康受试者,采用男女分层区组随机化方法分组,分别静脉滴注40、80 mg注射用泮托拉唑钠(每日2次,连续5d),给药后监测24 h胃内pH值.用LC-MS/MS法测定左旋泮托拉唑钠血药浓度,数据分别用WinNonlin 6.4软件和SAS软件分析处理.结果 首次静脉滴注注射用泮托拉唑钠后,40、80 mg剂量组后左旋泮托拉唑的主要药动学参数:Cmax分别为(2.37±0.61)、(4.56±0.89)tg/mL;AUC(o-t)分别为(4.96±3.26)、(10.16±3.16) μg·h/mL;AUC(o-∞)分别为(5.17±3.68)、(10.34±3.35) μg·h/mL;t1/2分别为(1.67±0.76)、(1.75 ±0.57)h;Tmax分别为(0.50±0.01)、(0.53±0.08)h;连续给药5d后40、80 mg剂量组左旋泮托拉唑的主要药动学参数:Cmax分别为(2.30±0.62)、(4.50±0.71) μg/mL;AUC(0-t)分别为(5.02±3.85)、(10.75±3.82) μg·h/mL;AUC(0-∞)分别为(5.26±4.35)、(10.98±4.10) μg/mL·h;Cmin,ss分别为(0.03 ±0.08)、(0.05 ±0.07)μg/mL;t1/2分别为(1.72±0.78)、(1.80±0.64)h;Tmax分别为(0.52±0.04)、(0.50±0.00)h.用药第1天后40、80 mg剂量组胃内pH ＞4的时间比例分别为(38.6±20.9)％、(46.9±16.5)％;pH ＞6的时间比例分别为(25.5±20.6)％、(32.7±7.9)％;用药第5天后胃内pH ＞4的时间比例分别为(69.6±15.4)％、(80.2±16.6)％;pH ＞6的时间比例分别为(48.3±13.7)％、(49.7±15.7)％.结论 注射用泮托拉唑钠在健康人体内符合线性药代动力学特征.通过两剂量组药效学参数比较,80 mg剂量组的抑酸效果明显优于40 mg剂量组,且服药后较安全.建议临床使用80 mg每12小时1次.     

阿片类拮抗药纳美芬注射剂的单剂量和多剂量Ⅰ期临床药代动力学研究

目的 考察静脉推注盐酸纳美芬注射液后在健康人体内的药动学过程.方法 12名健康受试者随机交叉单剂量静脉推注给药2 mg后,分别于给药前和给药后5 min,0.25,0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3,4,6,8,12,24,36和48 h采集血样,单剂量试验结束后进人多剂量试验.8名受试者静脉推注给药2mg,连续给药6d,并于给药后的第4,5,6天早上给药前采静脉血,于第6天给药后按设定时间点采集血样,用高效液相色谱-质谱法测定血浆中纳美芬的浓度,并采用PKS药动学程序对试验数据进行处理,求算有关药动学参数.结果 单剂量静脉推注盐酸纳美芬注射液2 mg后,其药-时曲线经拟合符合二室模型,12名健康受试者单剂量给药后其主要药动学参数Cmax,Tmax,T1/2,AUC0-48,AUC0-∞分别为(7.34±1.56)μg·L-1,0.08 h,(12.01±2.20)h,(30.29±9.84)μg·L-1·h,(32.23±9.94)μg·L-1·h,多次静脉推注2 mg后的主要药动学参数Cmax,Tmax,T1/2,AUC0-48,AUC0-∞分别(8.04±1.09)μg·L-1、0.08 h、(12.43±1.44)h、(33.64±9.15)μg·L-1·h和(35.98±9.23)μg·L-1·h,血药浓度波动系数、AUCss和Cav分别为(4.69±1.29)、(19.64±6.20)μg·L-1·h和(1.64±0.52)μg·L-1.结论 盐酸纳美芬注射液单剂量静脉推注2 mg和多次给药2 mg后人体内的药动学行为与国外文献报道基本一致.在连续多次给药时,并未出现蓄积现象,血药浓度第6天达稳态.     

对乙酰氨基酚在大鼠体内药动学研究

目的应用反相高效液相色谱法（RP-HPLC）测定大鼠血浆中对乙酰氨基酚浓度,研究单剂量口服不同剂量对乙酰氨基酚片在大鼠体内的药代动力学。方法3组SD大鼠分别按体重单剂量口服对乙酰氨基酚片300 mg/kg、600 mg/kg、1 200 mg/kg后,采用RP-HPLC测定血浆中药物的浓度,绘制血药浓度-时间曲线,计算其药代动力学参数。结果3个剂量组的对乙酰氨基酚药-时曲线均符合口服吸收的一级动力学二室模型,主要药代动力学参数：Tmax分别为（0.78±0.17）h、（1.07±0.12）h、（1.19±0.12）h;Cmax分别为（158.99±26.08）μg/ml、（226.26±20.38）μg/ml、（402.95±86.46）μg/ml;T1/2kα分别为（0.24±0.09）h、（0.39±0.11）h、（0.43±0.14）h;T1/2ke分别为（3.78±0.33）h、（3.66±0.32）h、（4.33±0.47）h;AUC0→24分别为（718.71±143.03）μg·h^-1·ml^-1（1 578.53±246.76）μg·h^-1·ml^-1（3 734.67±665.58）μg·h^-1·ml^-1AUC0→∞分别为（757.16±155.29）μg·h^-1·ml^-1（1 594.61±247.11）μg·h^-1·ml^-1（3 847.99±692.03）μg·h^-1·ml^-1结论所建立RP-HPLC法能够准确地测定对乙酰氨基酚血药浓度,能满足药代动力学的研究需求;低剂量组和中剂量组的药代动力学过程基本相似,但高剂量组则与上述两组则有所不同,这可能与其剂量过高有关。     

甲磺酸罗哌卡因与盐酸罗哌卡因的生物等效性分析

目的 研究甲磺酸罗哌卡因在Beagle犬体内药代动力学与盐酸罗哌卡因的生物等效性.方法 采用随机、交叉自身对照实验,4只犬单次静脉注射甲磺酸罗哌卡因10 μmol/kg,用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中罗哌卡因浓度.结果 甲磺酸罗哌卡因T1/2α(3.83±1.89)min,T1/2β(41.08±4.47)min,AUC0-200(148.67±87.51)μg·ml-1·min-1,Cmax(3.96±1.50)μg/ml,CL(s)(0.030±0.014)L·kg-1·min-1.盐酸罗哌卡因T1/2α(3.09±1.19)min,T1/2β(38.43±4.41)min,AUC0-200(125.80±81.06)μg·ml-1·min-1,Cmax(3.72±1.31)μg/ml,CL(s)(0.030±0.013)L·kg-1·min-1.结论 甲磺酸罗哌卡因与盐酸罗哌卡因有相当的生物等效性.     

隐丹参酮单剂量和多剂量给药在大鼠体内药代动力学研究

目的 评价单剂量和多剂量灌胃隐丹参酮(Cryptotanshinone,CTS)的药动学特征.方法 将20只SD雄性大鼠随机分为单剂量组(隐丹参酮10 mg/kg,1d)、多剂量组(隐丹参酮10 mg/kg,每天1次,连续10 d)给予灌胃后,用LC-MS/MS法测定血浆中隐丹参酮的浓度.血药浓度数据用DAS 2.0药代动力学软件处理,按两室模型拟合并求算药代动力学参数.结果 隐丹参酮单剂量给药后,Cmax为(12.16±14.11)ng/mL,Tmax为(2.88±2.56)h,T1/2为(3.70±3.50)h,MRT为(6.69±0.54)h,AUC0-24为(58.40±25.73)ng·h/mL;多剂量给药后,Cav为(1.95±0.61)ng/mL,Tmax为(3.20±2.08)h,T1/2为(7.12±5.06)h,AUCss为(46.74±14.51)ng·h/mL,DF为2.42±0.28.单剂量和多剂量的AUC0-24、Tmax、T1/2差异无统计学意义.结论 隐丹参酮长期给药后无蓄积风险.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.