变应原皮试与血清特异性IgE检测诊断变应性鼻炎

目的 探讨体内变应原皮试和体外特异性IgE检测的临床价值。方法 采用单价花粉变应原浸液对80例变应性鼻炎（AR）花粉症患者作过敏原皮试检查;同时进行血清特异性IgE含量的测定。结果 80例花粉变应原皮试阳性患者血清特异性IgE明显异常,两种检查方法的总阳性率81、4％～66．7％,阳性一致率95．0％～77．3％,差异有显著性（P〈0、01）。结论 表明两种检测方法的抗原特异性高度一致,对AR病因诊断、减敏治疗中变应原种类的选择及预防等均有较高的临床应用价值。     

锡林浩特地区花粉症常见吸入性变应原与免疫治疗

目的 调查锡林浩特地区主要吸入性变应原与免疫治疗.方法 采用18种常见的吸入性变应原对本地区152例花粉症患者进行皮下注射试验及免疫治疗.结果 变应原皮肤试验阳性前5位分别为蒿属花粉(77.6%)、夏秋花粉(76.3%)、春季花粉Ⅱ(51.3%)、春季花粉Ⅲ(46.7%)、多价霉菌Ⅰ(44.1%).结论 蒿属花粉和夏秋花粉是锡林浩特地区最重要的变应原.     

标准化艾蒿变应原治疗艾蒿花粉症的疗效和安全性研究

目的评价标准化艾蒿变应原免疫治疗艾蒿致敏性花粉症的疗效及安全性。方法对46例艾蒿致敏性花粉症患者应用标准化艾蒿变应原进行特异性免疫治疗，选用自身对照方法，对治疗前后患者进行皮肤点刺、症状评分、总IgE、艾蒿特异性（specificIgE，slgE）、嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白（eosin-ophilecationicprotein，ECP）检测并记录患者的不良反应。结果皮肤点刺试验的反应性较治疗前明显降低，患者症状评分明显减少，血清总IgE、slgE、ECP水平均显著降低。局部不良反应发生率为11．25％，系统性不良反应发生率为1．04％，无致死性不良反应。结论标准化变应原特异性免疫治疗花粉症是一种安全、有效的方法。     

昆明地区夏秋季花粉症的临床调查分析

本文对446例夏秋季花粉症患者用夏秋季花粉（旱冬瓜花粉、蒿属花粉、灰藜花粉、大麻花粉、蓖麻花粉、板栗花粉、向日葵花粉）变应原作皮内试验，皮试结果阳性率分别为76，2％、74．1％、64．9％、63，3％、52，1％、51．8％、48．9％。症状的出现与花粉飘散的高峰期一致。[第一段]     

中药制剂致花粉过敏症患者过敏反应7例

花粉过敏症称为花粉症,是特异性体质吸入空气中某些植物花粉而引起夏秋季发病的急性上呼吸道卡他性炎症。具有地区性、季节性和自限性。我院曾有7例花粉过敏症患者在非花粉季节应用中药制剂时,突然发生急性上呼吸道卡他症状,现报道如下。临床资料2001年2002年冬季,在我院曾进行过特异性抗原检测和治疗的7例花粉症患者,先后因神经衰弱、上呼吸道感染、脑供血不足等疾病在我院治疗。在治疗过程中应用中药制剂均发生急性上呼吸道过敏表现。7例患者的用药情况:4例使用刺五加注射液静滴,1例使用双黄连注射液静滴,1例使用参麦注射液静滴,1例使用银…     

拉萨地区夏季花粉症主要致敏花粉调查

目的针对拉萨地区季节性变应性鼻炎患者发病率逐年增多的现象,为探明本地区空气中的主要气传致敏花粉开展了此项研究。方法选定7月份患者最多的时期进行空气花粉取样,对门诊变应性鼻炎患者进行常规吸入组变应原皮试进行观察。结果6张玻片上共观察到671粒花粉,共9种。159例变应性鼻炎患者进行皮试,阳性例数128人,阳性率80.5%;阴性31例,占19.5%。结论本时段拉萨地区空气中主要的气传花粉为蒿属、竹柏科、荨麻科及禾本科,蒿属花粉、夏秋花粉是拉萨地区夏季花粉症患者的主要致敏花粉。     

变态反应性疾病的过敏原谱检测结果分析

目的了解变态反应性疾病患者过敏原分布情况,为预防和治疗变态反应性疾病提供参考依据。方法采用德国MEDIWISS公司的过敏原检测系统（免疫印迹法）定量检测1562例患者血清中的过敏原特异性sIgE及总IgE水平,采用SPSS12．0软件对实验数据进行统计分析。结果1562例患者中,血清过敏原特异性IgE阳性者1045例,占66．9％,其中两项及两项以上阳性者239例,占15．3％,血清总IgE〉100者476例,占30．5％．过敏原排在前十位的有户尘螨、牛奶、狗皮屑、鸡蛋白、霉菌混合类、花粉类、虾蟹类、牛羊肉、腰果、芒果,其中吸人类以户尘螨、狗皮屑、霉菌混合类、花粉类为主,食物类以牛奶、鸡蛋白、虾蟹类、牛羊肉为主。结论户尘螨、狗皮屑、花粉类是许昌地区变态反应性疾病的主要变应原,不同疾病的主要变应原稍有不同;总IgE不能用来诊断或排除过敏,高总IgE仅意味着过敏的概率较高,并有助于判断对特异性过敏原实验阴性的患者进一步检查。     

季节性偏头痛患者过敏原试验与IgE检测结果分析

目的探讨季节性偏头痛与Ⅰ型超敏反应的关系,并寻找相关致敏原。方法用北京协和医院提供的15种吸入性过敏原和美国DPC液相酶联免疫试验对已确诊的100例季节性、80例非季节性偏头痛患者进行过敏原皮试及IgE检测,并对比分析两组结果。结果季节性偏头痛组主要致敏原为夏秋花粉、早春花粉、豚草花粉、蒿属花粉,过敏原皮试阳性率94%,与非季节性偏头痛组(15%)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);血清总IgE比较,前者高于后者,差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论季节性偏头痛的发病机制为IgE介导的Ⅰ型超敏反应,临床上对患者行过敏原皮试及IgE检测可作为本病诊断的重要指标,并为脱敏治疗的选择提供依据。     

秦皇岛地区豚草花粉与其花粉症的关系探讨

目的：研究秦皇岛地区豚草花粉的飘散规律与其花粉症的关系。方法：通过空气中花粉玻片沉降法,根据病人的临床表现,采用体内生物学检测,体外特异性IgE血学检测,诊断330例豚草花粉症。结果：秦皇岛地区豚草花粉的高峰期主要集中在8～9月,豚草花粉症的发期与豚草花期同步。结论：豚草花粉地本地区夏秋季花粉症的首要致敏原之一,花期可以引起花粉症的流行。     

653例过敏性哮喘患者血清特异性IgE抗体检测结果分析

目的通过检测过敏性哮喘患者血清中特异性IgE抗体,确定病变过敏原,为该病预防和临床诊治提供依据。方法采用免疫印迹法定量检测过敏性哮喘患者血清中特异性IgE抗体,发现吸入性和食物性过敏原。结果 653例患者中检出过敏原者521例,血清总IgE阳性率79.8%;1种过敏原阳性者149例（22.8%）,2～4种过敏原阳性者451例（69.1%）,5种及以上过敏原阳性者53例（8.1%）;吸入性过敏原阳性248例（37.9%）,食入性过敏原阳性132例（20.2%）,二者兼有273例（41.9%）;吸入性过敏原8类,阳性率高的是蒿属植物和艾蒿花粉、尘螨和粉螨,食物性过敏原5类,依次是虾蟹、鳕鱼、黄豆和花生、牛奶、鸡蛋。结论过敏原诱导的变态反应是产生过敏性哮喘的重要原因,蒿类花粉和螨类是最常见的过敏原,病变患者呈现低龄化趋势,有明显的季节性特点。     

A comparison between IgE and IgG4 as markers of allergy in children: an experimental trial in a model of natural antigen avoidance

IgG4 have been hypothesized to act as blocking antibodies capable of preventing IgE-mediated effector cell triggering. This study aims to evaluate the changes in IgG4 in children during a period of natural antigen avoidance. Serum IgE and IgG4 were evaluated in a group of asthmatic children, aged between 7 and 17 years, admitted to the residential house Istituto Pio XII (Misurina, BL, Italy), located at 1,756 m, in a natural model of antigen avoidance. All the patients were skin prick test positive to at least two of the following allergens: Dermatophagoides pteronissynus, Dermatophagoides farinae, cat epithelium, timothy grass pollen and Parietaria pollen. During the 180 days of hospitalization, serum specific IgE and IgG4 were measured six times. A significant decrease (p≤0.05) in serum specific IgE to house dust mite and pollen allergens was observed; by contrast, no significant variations were shown by IgG4 and IgG4/IgE ratio. No significant relationship was found between serum specific IgE, IgG4 and IgG4/IgE ratio variations and the re-exposure to house dust mite allergens during the Christmas holidays. A positive correlation between specific IgE and specific IgG4 was observed at each considered time (T0: r=0.57, p=0.08; T1: r=0.85, p=0.001; T3: r=0.76, p=0.01). The positive correlation between specific IgE and specific IgG4, enduring throughout the entire time of study, suggests a relationship between these classes of immunoglobulins.     

Characteristics of patients suffering from cow milk allergy

The most frequent symptoms among the manifestations of cow milk allergy (CMA) are gastrointestinal. CMA pathogenesis involves immunological mechanisms with participation of immunocompetent cells, production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). We aim to determine whether cow milk-specific IgE antibodies coexist with cow milk-specific IgG antibodies in CMA patients with diarrhea symptom, and if there is any relationship between both antibody types. 65 CMA patients (average age of 17 years, ranging from 2 to 74 years), all of who had diarrhea symptom of CMA, were enrolled in this study. The total cow IgE and IgG subclass in serum were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and rate immune scatter turbidimetry, respectively. And also the cow milk-specific IgE was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The number of eosinophils in serum was calculated by Sysmex XE-2100 Hematology Analyzer. Our data showed that both cow milk-specific IgG and IgE levels were significantly elevated in CMA patients compared to those of age-matched control subjects. Out of the 65 CMA patients, 40 showed elevated cow milk-specific IgE antibody level, among which, 28 cases presented highly sensitive reaction to cow milk-specific IgG, along with each six of moderate and mild sensitive reaction to cow milk-specific IgG; while 20 showed elevated total IgG levels. The IgG3 positive rate was 16.9%, which was the highest. A moderate correlation between cow milk-specific IgE and cow milk-specific IgG was found in the CMA patients (r=0.415, P=0.001). The results indicated that cow milk-specific IgE antibodies could coexist with cow milk-specific IgG antibodies in patients suffering from CMA. The aberrant changes in the concentration of cow milk-specific IgE antibodies were associated with cow milk-specific IgG antibodies.     

Contribution of thromboxane A2 to the antigen-induced immediate asthmatic response mediated by IgG1 antibody by augmentation of bronchial responsiveness in guinea-pigs.

1. IgG1-mediated anaphylactic bronchoconstriction was elicited by intravenous administration of antigen to guinea-pig 2 days after passive sensitization with IgG1-rich serum, and this response was not affected by heating the serum (at 56 degrees C, for 4 h). IgE-mediated bronchoconstriction, provoked 14 days after passive sensitization with IgE-rich serum, was completely abolished by the heating of the serum. 2. S-1452 (10 mg kg-1, p.o.), a selective thromboxane (Tx) A2 antagonist, significantly but incompletely suppressed the IgG1-mediated bronchoconstriction, but did not affect the IgE-mediated one, while diphenhydramine (5 mg kg-1, i.v.), a histamine antagonist, almost completely inhibited both IgG1- and IgE-mediated bronchoconstriction. 3. Pretreatment with propranolol (1 mg kg-1, i.v.), a beta-adrenergic blocker, in addition to diphenhydramine, caused a long-lasting bronchoconstriction following antigen challenge in both animal models. This histamine-independent bronchoconstriction was markedly suppressed by S-1452 at a low dose of 0.1 mg kg-1. 4. A significant increase in bronchial responsiveness to i.v. acetylcholine (ACh), compared to the prechallenge value, occurred as early as 3 min and persisted for 24 h after antigen challenge in the IgG1 model, but was not observed in the IgE model. S-1452 (10 mg kg-1, p.o.) inhibited the IgG1-mediated bronchial hyperresponsiveness, as assessed 60 min after antigen challenge. 5. A marked elevation of TxB2 levels was observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) 3 min after antigen challenge in the IgG1 model, while levels were not changed in the IgE model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

花粉症患者血清可溶性ICAM-1与IgE的相关性

目的　探讨血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子 - 1(s ICAM- 1)在花粉症发病中的意义及其与血清总Ig E(t Ig E)水平的关系。方法　对 2 0例花粉症患者及 2 0名健康人采用酶联免疫吸附实验 (EL ISA)测定血清s ICAM- 1,用荧光免疫法测定血清 t Ig E和蒿草花粉特异性 Ig E(W6 )。结果　在 2 0例花粉症患者的血清中均定量测出蒿草花粉的特异性 Ig E;患者组的血清 s ICAM- 1和血清 t Ig E显著高于健康对照组 (P<0 .0 0 0 1) ;并且 ,花粉症患者组的 s ICAM- 1与 t Ig E存在直线正相关 (r=0 .5 86 5 ,P=0 .0 0 7)。结论　花粉症患者血清中的 s ICAM- 1明显高于正常人 ,血清 t Ig E水平与 s ICAM- 1的含量存在直线正相关。     

Modulation of the Th1/Th2 bias by an immunoglobulin histamine complex in the ovalbumin allergy mouse model

Vaccination with the antiallergic drug Histaglobin is used to treat a broad range of human allergic diseases including bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. In order to further elucidate its functional activity, Histaglobin was investigated in an in vivo mouse allergy model. Mice were sensitized with ovalbumin either prior to or after Histaglobin treatment, and its antiallergic potential was evaluated. Ovalbumin-sensitized mice exhibited increased serum levels of IL-4, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and an increase of total and ovalbumin-specific IgE; total and ovalbumin-specific IgG levels were also elevated. Subsequent administration (therapeutic treatment) of Histaglobin resulted in a decrease of total and specific serum IgE levels; total and specific IgG1 serum levels were reduced by more than 50% and 45%, respectively; the mice displayed a down-regulation of IL-4 and TNF-alpha serum levels and showed increased levels of IFN-gamma and IgG2a. Mice pretreated with Histaglobin, prior to ovalbumin sensitization (prophylactic treatment), were found to be widely unresponsive to ovalbumin. They exhibited higher serum levels of IFN-gamma and IgG2a (total and specific) compared to saline-treated control mice. The inhibitory effects were still observed 1 month post-immunization.Our data, indicating a Histaglobin-induced modulation of the Th1/Th2 balance in favour of Th1, correspond with the well-known antiallergic activity of Histaglobin observed in patients.     

Induction of late airway response was involved in serum antigen-specific immunoglobulin G in rats

The antigen-induced immediate airway response (IAR) has been considered a form of bronchoconstriction mainly provoked by histamine and leukotriene C4/D4/E4, which are released by stimulation by antigen-specific IgE. However, the pathophysiological features of the antigen-induced late airway response (LAR) are not yet fully understood. In the present study, sensitized rats were repeatedly exposed to ovalbumin (OVA) to induce IAR and LAR, and the immunological profiles of IAR and LAR were examined. The first antigen inhalation induced only IAR but not LAR. However, the second antigen inhalation 7 days after IAR induced LAR but not IAR. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha level in BALF in LAR was significantly higher than that in IAR, although there were no differences in histamine, leukotriene C4/D4/E4, interleukin (IL)-1beta, or IL-13 levels between IAR and LAR. Serum antigen-specific IgE titer was high in both IAR and LAR, but serum antigen-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a titers were dramatically high in LAR but not IAR. There were significant correlations between antigen-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a titers and LAR. Interestingly, LAR could be induced in normal rats by transfer of serum from LAR rats, which exhibited high antigen-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a titers. In conclusion, these findings suggest that repeated antigen inhalation converts IAR to LAR, and that LAR is a reaction triggered by antigen-specific IgG and involving TNF-alpha. This is the first study to directly suggest the involvement of antigen-specific IgG in the induction of LAR.     

Cannabinoid 2 (CB2) Receptor Involvement in the Down-regulation but not Up-regulation of Serum IgE Levels in Immunized Mice

Marijuana cannabinoids such as Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) have been shown in experimental systems to bias T helper immunity towards Th2 and away from Th1. This effect if broadly applicable to humans could have important implications in Th2-mediated diseases such as allergy. In the current study, we examined the effect of cannabinoids on serum immunoglobulin IgE levels in immunized mice and also examined the role of cannabinoid receptors in the response. The method involved pre-injecting mice with cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists followed 18-24?h later with an immunizing injection with two different antigen/adjuvant combinations. This treatment was followed 2-3?weeks later with a booster injection of antigen and the subsequent bleeding of mice 1-2?weeks later for serum immunoglobulin analysis by ELISA. Our results showed that THC injection enhanced total IgE serum levels in response to antigen immunization even under conditions of deficient cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) and cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) activity and furthermore the increase in IgE was accompanied by a decrease in serum IgG2a. In addition, we observed that l-α-lysophosphatidyliniositol (LPI) increased serum IgE levels and that IgE levels were higher in CB2 deficient mice and suppressed by the CB2 agonist, Gp1a. These results suggest that in this IgE induction model in mice, non-selective cannabinoids such as THC increase IgE through receptors other than CB1 and CB2 but that CB2 receptors do play a suppressive role in the control of serum IgE levels.     

Oral administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 suppresses total and antigen specific immunoglobulin E production in mice

Recent studies have suggested that oral bacteriotherapy with probiotics might be useful in the management of allergic diseases. We investigated the effect of oral administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 (BBG9-1) on immunoglobulin (Ig) E production in BALB/c mice. Live BBG9-1 was orally administered to mice for 2 weeks from 1 week before ovalbumin (OVA)-immunization. The treatment of BBG9-1 significantly reduced serum total IgE level. In addition, BBG9-1 significantly and largely reduced the serum level of OVA-specific IgE without lowering of the specific IgG1 and increasing of the specific IgG2a. We also examined T helper type (Th) 1 and Th2 cytokine production from OVA-immunized splenocytes by restimulation with OVA in vitro. Productions of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 from the splenocytes of mice given BBG9-1 were weaker than those of control mice. We conclude that oral administration of BBG9-1 selectively and powerfully suppresses total and antigen specific IgE production in mice. It is suggested that BBG9-1 is useful for the prophylactic treatment in IgE-dependent allergic diseases.     

Nivalenol inhibits total and antigen-specific IgE production in mice

Nivalenol (NIV) has been reported to induce hyperproduction of IgA, which is regulated by T-helper 2 cells (Th2); however, whether IgE production, which is under the regulation of Th2 cells, is induced by this compound remains largely unknown. We examined the effect of NIV on antigen-specific IgE production using ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T cell receptor alphabeta-transgenic mice. The mice produced significant amounts of total and antigen-specific IgE, IgG1, and IgA in serum when given OVA orally. Administration of NIV with OVA suppressed total IgE and OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, and IgA production significantly. Cytokine assay using splenocytes obtained from mice given the OVA plus NIV diet revealed that interleukin 4 (IL-4) production was suppressed and interleuin-2 (IL-2) production was enhanced. These results suggest that the inhibition of IL-4 production and enhancement of IL-2 production induced by NIV suppressed total and antigen-specific IgE production.     

The effect of feeding carrots on immunoglobulin E production and anaphylactic response in mice.

Carrot juice was administered orally to BALB/c mice immunized intraperitoneally with dinitrophenylated (DNP)-OVA for about 1 month. The titers of DNP-specific IgE, DNP-specific IgG, and the levels of total IgE in mouse sera were determined. The DNP-specific IgE production by mice fed carrot juice was significantly inhibited. On the other hand, the DNP-specific IgG production and the level of total IgE in mice fed carrot juice were not significantly different from those in control mice. We also examined the effect of feeding carrots on immediate-type hypersensitivity. One hour after antigen stimulation, the ears of mice fed carrots swelled less than those of control mice. Furthermore, the rise in serum histamine in the mice fed carrots under active systemic anaphylaxis was lower than in controls. We then examined the pattern of cytokine production by spleen cells from mice followed by restimulation with DNP-OVA in vitro. The spleen cells from the mice fed carrots produced more interferon-gamma than those from the control group. In contrast, the spleen cells from the mice fed carrots produced less interleukin-4 than those from the control group. Furthermore, the interleukin-12 production of the spleen cells from mice fed carrots was also higher than that of the control group. These findings suggest that feeding carrots improves the helper T cell (Th)1/Th2 balance, inhibiting specific IgE production and antigen-induced anaphylactic response.