不同类型高一学生内隐自尊与外显自尊特点研究

采用内隐联想测验(IAT)和Rosenberg自尊量表(SES)测量高一重点生、非重点生和贫困资助生的内隐自尊与外显自尊水平。结果表明,三类学生内隐自尊效应差异均有统计学意义(资助生t=-12.855,P<0.01;重点生t=-7.911,P<0.01;非重点生t=-7.622,P<0.01),但三者的差异无统计学意义(F=2.095,P>0.05);三类学生的外显自尊水平差异有统计学意义(F=8.690,P<0.01),且两两比较发现,重点生的外显自尊水平低于其他两类学生;三类学生的内隐自尊与外显自尊之间相关差异均无统计学意义。     

丹参注射液通过Nrf2/ARE通路对大隐静脉曲张的影响

目的探究丹参注射液通过Nrf2/ARE通路对大隐静脉曲张的影响。方法选择2016年1月至2017年12月于我院诊治的大隐静脉曲张患者810例,将其分为对照组(未治疗)、手术组(手术治疗)和丹参组(手术治疗联合丹参注射液注射治疗);观察3组患者色素沉着、浅静脉血栓、皮下硬结等并发症的发生情况,随访观察CIVIQ评分,Western blot法检测各组Nrf2/ARE蛋白含量,qRT-PCR法检测Nrf2/ARE mRNA表达量。结果术后3个月对照组并发症发生率最高,手术组次之,丹参组最低,组间比较差异有极显著性统计学意义(P<0.01);与术后3个月比较,术后6个月对照组并发症发生率继续升高,手术组、丹参组明显降低,差异均有极显著性统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后3个月对照组CIVIQ评分最高,手术组次之,丹参组最低,组间比较差异有极显著性统计学意义(P<0.01);与术后3个月比较,术后6个月对照组CIVIQ评分明显升高,手术组、丹参组明显下降,差异有极显著性统计学意义(P<0.01)。超声检查结果显示,术后3个月,对照组闭塞和反流率最低,丹参组次之,手术组最高,3组比较差异有极显著性统计学意义(P<0.01);与术后3个月比较,术后6个月对照组闭塞和反流率明显下降,手术组、丹参组明显升高,差异有极显著性统计学意义(P<0.01)。CT静脉造影显示,对照组静脉管腔内存在长短不一、持久的类圆柱形或圆柱形密度较低的造影区域,丹参组的静脉管腔不规则狭小情况明显少于手术组,组间比较差异有极显著性统计学意义(P<0.01)。Western blot结果显示,丹参组Nrf2/ARE蛋白含量最高,手术组次之,对照组最低,3组比较差异有极显著性统计学意义(P<0.01)。丹参组血液中Nrf2/ARE mRNA表达量最高,手术组次之,对照组最低,3组比较差异有极显著性统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论丹参注射液能够促进Nrf2/ARE的表达,抑制大隐静脉曲张的发展,对大隐静脉曲张有治疗作用。     

不同民族食管癌患者血清CYFRA21-1水平分析

目的:探讨血清细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)在不同民族食管癌患者中的差异。方法:采用 放射免疫分析检测79例健康人,264例食管癌患者血清CYFRA21-1的水平并对其结果进行分析,将食管癌 组按民族分为4组,130例汉族,72例维族,32例哈族,及其他为12例蒙古族、11例回族和7例柯尔克孜族。 结果:1.CYFRA21-1浓度在其平均秩和正常对照为169.05ng/ml,食管癌患者总样本为298.54ng/ml,汉族 312.89ng/ml,维族为288.27ng/ml,哈族为211.73ng/ml,其他440.11ng/ml,两两比较发现食管癌总体、汉族、维 族及其他正常对照均有统计学意义(P<0.01),汉族与哈族(P<0.05)、维族与哈族(P<0.01)、哈族与其他(P <0.01)、哈族与食管癌总样本组(P<0.05)其他与总样本组(P<0.01)血清CYFRA21-1水平有统计学意义。 2.CYFRA21-1水平当界值为3.3ng/ml时,阳性率在正常对照组为0%,食管癌患者总样本组29.41%,汉族 32.31%,维族为25.00%,哈族为15.63%,其他为26.67%。率的比较发现,维族与其他(P<0.05)、哈族与其 他(P<0.05)、各民族与正常对照均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:血清细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1) 水平在不同民族食管癌患者中有差异。     

舒马普坦对电刺激上矢状窦后大鼠硬脑膜血流量的影响

目的:观察电刺激上矢状窦区后大鼠硬脑膜血流量的变化以及舒马普坦对其的影响。方法:18只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、电刺激组和舒马普坦组,暴露大鼠上矢状窦区硬脑膜,电刺激组和舒马普坦组以30Hz、6V和0.25ms的刺激参数建立偏头痛模型,激光多普勒血流量图像仪测定硬脑膜血流量,比较各组大鼠相对血流量的变化。结果:对照组、电刺激组以及舒马普坦组的相对血流量分别为2.61±4.43%、15.49±5.65%和-0.35±5.08%,组间差异有非常显著性统计学意义(P<0.01);电刺激组分别与对照组及舒马普坦组行两两比较,差异有非常显著性统计学意义(均P<0.01);对照组与舒马普坦组比较,差异无统计学意义。结论:高频电刺激上矢状窦区能增加大鼠硬脑膜血流量,舒马普坦对其有抑制作用。     

首发精神分裂症及其健康同胞神经心理功能的比较

目的:探讨首发精神分裂症患者及其健康同胞神经心理功能差异。方法:采用范畴流利测验、连线测验(TMT)、数字符号编码测验和Stoop测验对在92例首发精神分裂症患者、56例健康同胞及62例健康对照者进行测评。结果:首发精神分裂症患者及其健康同胞所有神经心理测验成绩均差于健康对照组(P<0.05)。与健康同胞组比较,首发精神分裂症患者组除范畴流利测验外,其他神经心理测验成绩差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:首发精神分裂症患者及其健康同胞存在认知损害,语义流畅性功能可能是精神分裂症的潜在内表型。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者不同药物治疗前后肝功能、HBV-DNA载量及肝纤维化指标的比较分析

目的:观察慢性乙型肝炎患者经不同方法治疗前后肝功能、HBV-DNA病毒载量及肝纤维化指标的变化。方法:120例慢性乙型肝炎患者被随机分为抗病毒治疗组(治疗组,n=60)和非抗病毒对照组(对照组,n=60),平行检查治疗24周时上述指标变化情况。结果:在治疗24周时,两组肝功能指标与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),但组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组HBV-DNA与其治疗前及对照组治疗后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。对照组HBV-DNA与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在治疗24周时两组血清肝纤维化指标与治疗前比较,以及两组间治疗后比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:有效改善慢性乙型肝炎患者肝功能及控制HBV-DNA病毒载量可能是治疗肝纤维化进展的重要途径。     

认知训练和自我按摩对老年人认知功能的影响比较

目的:比较认知训练和自我按摩对于社区老年人认知功能的影响。方法:144名长沙市某社区老年人随机分为对照组、认知训练组和自我按摩组,除对照组外,认知训练组和自我按摩组分别接受为期6个月的认知训练和自我按摩训练干预。干预前后分别采用简明精神状态量表(MMSE)、韦氏记忆量表中国修订版(WMS-C)的图片回忆、联想记忆、理解记忆和背数四个分测验测量。结果:MMSE及记忆的四个分测验的时间主效应显著(P<0.05);不同的干预方法在MMSE得分及图片回忆、联想记忆、理解记忆得分变化上存在统计学差异(P<0.05);除图片回忆外,其余指标存在时间和干预方法之间的交互作用(P<0.01)。进一步组间多重比较显示:在MMSE和图片回忆、联想记忆和理解记忆得分上,认知训练组和自我按摩组与对照组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);但认知训练组与自我按摩组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:认知训练和自我按摩均可有效改善老年人的认知功能,还不能认为这两种干预方法哪种更有效。     

本刊对统计学方法中结果表达的有关要求

在统计学方法的表达中,当P<0.05(或P<0.01)时,应说对比组之间的差异具有统计学意义,而不应说对比组之间具有显著性(或非显著性)差异;应写明所用统计学方法的具体名称(如:成组设计资料的t检验、两因素析因设计资料的方差分析、多个均数之间两两比较的q检验等)。     

不同剂量肝素雾化吸入辅助治疗婴幼儿肺炎疗效观察

目的:比较大剂量与常规剂量肝素钠雾化吸入辅助治疗婴幼儿肺炎的疗效。方法:将所有病例分为大剂量肝素治疗组、常规量肝素治疗组、不用肝素对照组。雾化治疗结束后,评价各组临床疗效(总有效率),同时比较各组咳嗽消失时间、罗音消失时间和总疗程的差异。结果:大剂量肝素治疗组总有效率明显优于常规量肝素组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。大剂量肝素治疗组咳嗽消失时间、罗音消失时间及总疗程均短于常规量治疗组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。未见临床出血现象。结论:大剂量肝素钠雾化吸入辅助治疗婴幼儿肺炎是一种有效、安全的治疗措施。     

妇科单孔腹腔镜术后早期行走对快速康复的影响

目的探讨单孔腹腔镜术后早期行走对非切口疼痛和快速康复的影响。方法选择我院60例患者,分成对照组、坐位组、行走组,每组20例。记录并比较3组患者出恢复室后0.5 h、2 h、4 h、6 h、8 h、10 h及12 h的VAS评分,比较3组患者要求使用镇痛药物的时间及排气时间。结果行走组术后0.5 h与术后2 h、4 h、6 h、8 h的VAS评分组内比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后各时间点3组VAS评分组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。行走组术后8 h内的VAS评分累计值低于坐位组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各组要求使用镇痛药物的时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。行走组排气时间明显早于对照组和坐位组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论术后早期行走可降低患者疼痛程度,促进排气,有利于快速康复。     

Implicit and explicit memory in children with congenital and acquired brain disorder

Implicit and explicit memory were examined in 8- to 15-year-old children with myelomeningocele and shunted hydrocephalus, severe traumatic brain injuries, or orthopedic injuries. Each group included between 22 and 29 children. Children completed a fragmented picture identification task to assess perceptual priming and a semantic decision-making task to assess conceptual priming. Each task also assessed procedural learning as well as explicit recall and recognition. All 3 groups showed significant perceptual and semantic priming of similar magnitude. In contrast, both brain-disordered groups displayed poorer explicit memory than did the comparison group. No group showed significant procedural learning on either task. Age and IQ were stronger predictors of explicit recall than of implicit memory. The findings indicate that implicit memory is relatively intact in many children with congenital and acquired brain disorders, despite deficits in explicit memory, and support the existence of separate memory systems in children.     

Is conceptual implicit memory impaired in schizophrenia? Evidence from lexical decision and category verification

Introduction. Implicit memory tasks differ along two orthogonal dimensions, tapping the relative involvement of perceptual/conceptual and identification/production processes. Previous studies have documented a dissociation between perceptual (spared) and conceptual (impaired) implicit memory, using in the latter case a production task (category exemplar generation), in which there is high response competition during the retrieval phase. The present study sought to determine whether the perceptual/conceptual dissociation held when comparing two identification tasks, in which there is no response competition at retrieval.

Methods. In two experiments, repetition priming was assessed in 44 schizophrenic patients and 46 healthy controls in lexical decision (a test based on perceptual identification processes) and category verification (a test based on conceptual identification processes).

Results. Schizophrenic patients achieved a priming as high as that of controls in the lexical decision task. In contrast, only controls exhibited significant priming in the category verification task.

Conclusions. It is concluded that schizophrenia is associated with a specific deficit in conceptual implicit memory, irrespective of the degree of response competition in the test phase.     

Perceptual priming does not transfer interhemispherically in the acallosal brain

Acallosal participants usually do not display any disconnection signs in tasks requiring an explicit or declarative type of response. They can accurately compare stimuli placed in each hand and they perform normally on lateralized recognition tasks. They, however, show impairment in tasks assessing interdependent motor control, bilateral coordination and they are also unable to intermanually transfer an implicit procedural motor skill. These deficits suggest that compensation might be limited when a motor component is involved. Alternately, it is also possible that interhemispheric transmission in callosal agenesis might be limited when implicit or unconscious processes are involved (Berlucchi et al. in Neuropsychologia 33:923–936, 1995; De Guise et al. in Brain 122:1049–1062, 1999). The aim of the present study was to assess interhemispheric transfer in two distinct nondeclarative tasks, namely visuoperceptual skill learning and perceptual priming, with a lateralized version of the fragmented picture task developed by Snodgrass et al. (Behav Res Methods Inst Comp 19:270–274, 1987) that did not involve any motor component. The performance of five acallosal and one early-callosotomized individuals was compared to that of control participants divided into four groups (n = 10) according to which hemisphere was trained (left or right) and which response mode was used (manual or verbal). Visuoperceptual skill learning was observed in all control groups except for the group submitted to training of the left hemisphere in the manual modality of response. The acallosal and early-callosotomized participants did not show any implicit learning of the visuoperceptual skill on any of the conditions. The evaluation of the perceptual priming effect in the second part of the testing revealed that the priming effect was restricted to the trained hemisphere in participants without corpus callosum, as opposed to all neurogically intact participants who presented interhemispheric transfer of the priming effect. These findings indicate that the compensatory pathways, most probably subcortical commissures, are insufficient to allow interhemispheric transfer of perceptual priming, confirming the limits of neural plasticity in the absence of the corpus callosum. They also support the dissociation between declarative and nondeclarative memory in the split-brain and acallosal participants suggested by Berlucchi et al. (1995) and observed by De Guise et al. (Brain 122:1049–1062, 1999). These results are further discussed within the context of neurobiological theories of memory systems.     

Implicit memory for words presented in short texts is preserved in Alzheimer's disease

BACKGROUND: The level of efficiency of implicit memory in Alzheimer's disease remains unclear as previous studies using stem completion tasks have led to contradictory results. METHOD: The present study used target words embedded in significant short texts that subjects were required to read aloud (i.e. to enhance semantic processing). Texts were presented in two perceptual situations: 'simple' (blank spaces delimitating words) and complex' (spaces were filled by '8's). In the completion phase, patients had to write the first word that came to mind in order to complete a three-letter stem. The recognition phase explored explicit memory performance. The performance of 24 Alzheimer patients was compared to a matched sample of healthy controls. RESULTS: Reading times differed between groups and were shorter for healthy controls. Recognition was dramatically lower in patients, thus confirming the alteration of explicit memory in this pathology. However, a significant priming effect (e.g. the tendency to complete the stem with the aid of a previously explored word) was present in both groups and did not differ between patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of a correlation between priming and recognition scores suggests that this result cannot be explained by an explicit memory bias. Moreover, as the priming level was identical whatever the perceptual aspect of the text, we suggest that the priming effect is not only mediated by perceptual processes but also by lexical and conceptual processes, which to some extent are preserved during the light and moderate stages of this disease.     

Conceptual implicit memory impaired in amnestic mild cognitive impairment patient

Explicit memory has been well proven to be impaired in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and conceptual implicit memory is impaired in Alzheimer's disease. However, it is unclear whether implicit memory is affected in aMCI. In the present study, 35 patients with aMCI and 35 healthy elderly subjects were administered a neuropsychological battery of tests including conceptual and perceptual implicit memory tasks (category exemplar generation, image identification) as well as explicit memory tasks. Patients with aMCI exhibited impairment in explicit memory tasks and selective impairment in conceptual priming tasks, while the effect of perceptual priming was preserved. More importantly, category exemplar generation task priming, but not perceptual priming, was positively correlated with verbal fluency test performance in the aMCI group. The dissociation between the 2 components of implicit priming suggests that conceptual priming impairment in aMCI patients may be related to frontal lobe dysfunction.     

Semantic priming increases left hemisphere theta power and intertrial phase synchrony

Information is stored in distributed cortical networks, but it is unclear how distributed stores are synthesized into a unified percept. Activation of local circuits in the gamma range (30 < < 80 Hz), and distributed stores in the low theta range (3–5 Hz) may underlie perceptual binding. Words have a crucial role in semantic memory. Within memory, the activation of distributed semantic stores is facilitated by conceptually related previous items, termed semantic priming. We sought to detect event‐related brain oscillations (EROs) sensitive to semantic activation and priming. Here, we show that low theta evoked power and intertrial phase locking (4–5 Hz) from 250–350 msec over left hemisphere language areas was greater to related than to unrelated words. Theta band event‐related oscillations over left hemisphere language areas may provide a brain signature for semantic activation across distributed stores being facilitated by semantic priming.     

汉语双字词启动任务的事件相关电位时空模式

目的:考察汉语双字词启动任务的事件相关电位(ERP)时空模式特性。方法:以词汇重复(例:大豆-大豆)、语义启动(例:高粱-大豆)和语义失配(例:轮船-大豆)三类关系先后显示启动词和靶词,16名被试判断靶词是否与启动词同类而分别按键,同时记录其行为绩效和19通道ERP,应用单因素三水平重复测量方差分析和配对比较,采用统计参数映像(statistical parametric mapping,SPM)呈现ERP结果。结果:反应时间(F(2,26)=77.28,P=0.00)和正确率(F(2,26)=42.91,P=0.00)的重复启动效应均显著,词汇重复组的行为绩效(反应时间601.44±69.39ms,正确率98.7±1.3%)分别优于语义启动组(774.98±87.34ms,88.2±5.9%)和语义失配组(788.75±88.10ms,87.8±4.8%)。虽然后两组行为绩效差异不显著,但其ERP均可见P200、N400和P600成分。SPM提示额顶颞分布的P200效应(200-250ms)与注意调控相关;中央顶分布的N400效应(300-450ms)与语义加工相关;枕颞分布的P600效应(500-1000ms)可能反映语境重构。结论:双字词启动任务的ERP时空模式反映多层次语言加工功能,适用于语言功能评价。     

They know the words, but not the music: affective and semantic priming in individuals with psychopathy

Previous work has indicated dysfunctional affect-language interactions in individuals with psychopathy through use of the lexical decision task. However, it has been uncertain as to whether these deficits actually reflect impaired affect-language interactions or a more fundamental deficit in general semantic processing. In this study, we examined affective priming and semantic priming (dependent measures were reaction times and error rates) in individuals with psychopathy and comparison individuals, classified according to the psychopathy checklist revised (PCL-R) [Hare, R.D., 1991. The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Multi-Health Systems, Toronto, Ont] Individuals with psychopathy showed significantly less affective priming relative to comparison individuals. In contrast, the two groups showed comparable levels of semantic priming. The results are discussed with reference to current models of psychopathy.     

Priming recognition in good sleepers and in insomniacs

Insomniacs often report memory and concentration problems, but these complaints have not been consistently supported by performance measurements. Furthermore, while the majority of studies have addressed explicit memory, few have investigated the implicit domain, and very little is known concerning other types of implicit memory besides procedural memory, such as priming. Thus, the purpose of the study was to investigate priming effect for visual stimuli in insomniacs and good sleepers. Twenty‐three insomniacs and 20 good sleepers performed a visual priming task in which they were asked to name new and old pictures presented at nine ascending levels of spatial filtering. Both neutral and sleep‐related stimuli were used, as previous research evidenced an attentional bias for sleep‐related stimuli. Visual priming effect was observed in both groups, suggesting that poor sleep quality does not affect this type of implicit memory. However, the identification process in insomniacs is influenced by the nature of the stimulus to identify: insomniacs recognized both new and old sleep‐related stimuli at lower spatial frequencies compared with good sleepers. The tendency to selectively attend to sleep‐related stimuli may influence top‐down processes occurring during identification of filtering stimuli, by determining a pre‐allocation of attentional resources and facilitating identification processes even when sensorial information is scant. Differences in the identification processes of sleep‐related stimuli compared with neutral ones should be carefully taken into account as possible pre‐clinical markers of insomnia in poor sleepers.