Prognosis in mechanical ileus

A retrospective analysis was made of 160 patients who had undergone surgical treatment for complete mechanical ileus over a period of ten years. These 160 account for 2.18 per cent of all surgical patients in the period under review, which suggested that complete mechanical ileus had been the most common surgical emergency. Primary lethality was as high as 24.4 per cent. Age, time of occlusion, and accompanying diseases were substantive factors of prognosis. Prognosis can be improved by early diagnosis.     

术后早期肠梗阻的临床特点与对策分析

目的　探讨术后早期肠梗阻的临床治疗对策与再手术时机。方法　总结 2 0例术后早期肠梗阻病人的临床治疗过程及对典型病例的具体分析。结果　用保守方法治疗 14例 ,12例痊愈。再次手术 6例 ,4例痊愈。结论　术后早期炎性肠梗阻和麻痹性肠梗阻应保守治疗 ,对机械性绞窄性肠梗阻应及时再次手术探查 ,才能解除梗阻 ,挽救生命     

Value of sonographic ileus diagnosis

Patients in an early state of mechanical bowel obstruction, with unspecific clinical symptoms, negative laboratory findings and no evidence of ileus in plain abdominal X-ray, are a pitfall for diagnosis and therapeutic decisions. In a partly retrospective, partly prospective study 11% (n = 13) of ileus patients admitted to our hospital met these criteria of "early state" bowel obstruction. Using conventional methods of diagnosis, in 6% (n = 7) false negative diagnosis was obtained; 4% (n = 5) were primarily admitted to the internal medical department. In all these cases, abdominal sonography yielded a correct diagnosis by demonstrating specific criteria of bowel obstruction even at onset of disease. The correct diagnosis was uniformly confirmed by early operation.     

术后早期炎症性肠梗阻的诊断与治疗理念

术后早期炎症性肠梗阻多因腹部手术创伤及腹腔内无菌性炎症等原因引起的肠壁水肿及渗出,形成的动力性和机械性并存的粘连性肠梗阻.诊断标准:(1)腹部术后2周内发生肠梗阻;(2)术后肠功能短暂恢复,进食水后再出现肠梗阻,以腹胀为主;(3)腹部X线平片和全腹CT多个小的液气平面,无高度扩张的肠管.治疗理念:(1)禁食水+胃肠减压...     

Acute ileus from steroid withdrawal simulating intestinal obstruction after surgery for ulcerative colitis

Sixty of 127 prednisone-dependent patients with ulcerative colitis who underwent colectomy and endorectal ileal pull-through with ileal reservoir and subsequent laparotomy with ileostomy closure (254 operations) during a 4-year period developed 95 episodes of intestinal obstruction during the early post-operative period. Acute ileus due to steroid withdrawal caused symptoms of intestinal obstruction in 43 patients (76 episodes), whereas true mechanical small-bowel obstruction occurred in only 17 patients (19 episodes). Symptoms of both conditions were similar; however, hypoactive bowel sounds, acute onset of emotional depression, no evidence of obstruction on radiologic contrast stomatogram or enema, and prompt relief of symptoms within 4 hours after intravenous administration of hydrocortisone acetate distinguished acute steroid withdrawal. Since ileus from acute steroid withdrawal occurred four times as frequently as mechanical small-bowel obstruction, prompt recognition and treatment should appreciably reduce postoperative morbidity and hospital costs.     

Adhesion ileus in patient with previous diagnosis of Ogilvie's syndrome

A case of a 72-year-old man with abdominal pain and ileus is reported. Previous surgery for Ogilvie's syndrome had been performed. Despite conservative therapy, the occlusive symptoms worsen. Therefore the patient was submitted to surgery. At laparotomy two abdominal adhesions were found and sectioned. The differential diagnosis between mechanical ileus and pseudoobstruction for neuro-mechanics dissociation (Ogilvie's syndrome) is difficult, particularly in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.     

术后早期炎性肠梗阻26例诊治分析

目的分析我院2000年～2006年收治术后早期炎性肠梗阻患者的病例特点,探讨术后早期炎性肠梗阻的诊断及治疗措施。方法回顾性分析26例术后早期炎性肠梗阻患者的临床资料。结果24例病人经保守治疗治愈,其中治愈时间在1周内者6例,1～2周者10例,2～3周者6例,3～4周者2例;平均治愈时间10d;2例行手术治疗,其中1例保守治疗时出现绞窄性肠梗阻,行部分小肠切除术,1例保守治疗4周未缓解,行肠粘连松解术。结论术后早期炎性肠梗阻应以保守治疗为主,重视胃肠外营养及生长抑素的应用。     

Exposing the incidence of ileus in pelvic and acetabular fractures: a retrospective case analysis

BackgroundParalytic ileus is a temporary inhibition of gastrointestinal mobility in the absence of mechanical obstruction. Ileus has previously been observed in up to 40% of patients undergoing bowel surgery, leading to increased morbidity and length of stay. Pelvic and acetabular fractures are often caused by high energy trauma and are associated with a risk of visceral injury.  Prior to this study, there were no reported figures for the incidence of ileus in patients presenting with pelvic and/or acetabular fractures.MethodsAll patients over the age of 16 presenting to a major trauma centre throughout 2019 were included. Data collected included patient demographics, injury pattern, fracture management and presence of ileus. As in previous studies, patients were identified as having ileus if they failed to tolerate an oral diet and open their bowels for more than three days (GI-2). Analysis assessed risk factors for ileus as well as its effect on length of stay.ResultsAn incidence of ileus of 40.35% was observed in the 57 included patients. Across all patients, ileus was three times more common in patients with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (p= 0.56) and 2.5 times more common in the presence of an open pelvic/ acetabular fracture (p= 0.73). Length of stay was significantly longer in patients under 65 years identified as having ileus (p= 0.046). Gender, age, opiate use, fracture management and surgical approach were not identified as risk factors for ileus.Conclusion/ FindingsThis is the first study to report the incidence of and risk factors for ileus following admission with pelvic and/or acetabular fractures. Due to the morbidity and cost associated with this condition, further research is required to assess the effect of interventions to reduce its incidence in this patient subgroup.     

肠内全程导管减压法用于术后早期炎性肠梗阻治疗的研究

目的评价经鼻置入导管行肠内全程减压在术后早期炎症性肠梗阻保守治疗中的作用。方法回顾性分析北京大学第三医院2005年3—8月收治的8例腹部手术后早期炎症性肠梗阻的病人，使用鼻胃管减压等常规保守治疗无效后，经鼻置入导管行肠内全程减压，并进行胃肠减压治疗，观察其治疗效果。结果与鼻胃管相比，使用肠内全程导管减压后，病人的胃肠减压量明显增加、腹围和腹腔内压力明显降低；通过3～10d的经鼻置入导管减压等保守治疗后，8例病人的肠梗阻症状均缓解，未再接受手术治疗。结论经鼻肠内全程导管减压用于治疗术后早期肠梗阻安全有效，且可能使病人免于再次急诊手术。     

Gallstone ileus: An analysis of 20 patients

An analysis of 20 patients with gallstone ileus treated at the University Hospital in Linköping during a 10-year period is presented. The patients had a median age of 75 years and 70% were women. The symptomatology was usually vague and consisted of diffuse abdominal pain, often accompanied by vomiting. The delay before admission to the hospital averaged 4 days. Radiography with both plain abdominal x-rays and a barium meal showed mechanical intestinal obstruction in all but 1 patient and gallstone ileus was diagnosed before laparotomy in 60% of patients. Enterolithotomy was performed in all patients but there was no surgery on the gallbladder and/or the fistula. The frequency of postoperative wound infection was 25%. There was only 1 death, a mortality rate of 5%. It is our opinion that the low mortality was due to early diagnoses, careful preoperative preparation, an operative procedure aiming only at relief of the obstruction, and improved anesthesia and prophylactive short-term antibiotics. The only indication for an elective cholecystectomy is persistent symptoms of gallbladder disease.     

El íleo biliar como causa de abdomen agudo. Importancia del diagnóstico precoz para el tratamiento quirúrgico

Gallstone ileus is an uncommon type of mechanical intestinal obstruction caused by an intraluminal gallstone, and preoperative diagnosis is difficult in the Emergency department. This study is a retrospective analysis of the clinical presentation of 5 patients with gallstone ileus treated between 2000-2010. Clinical features, diagnostic testing, and surgical treatment were analyzed. Five patients were included: 2 cases showed bowel obstruction; 2 patients presented a recurrent gallstone ileus with prior surgical intervention; and one patient presented acute peritonitis due to perforation of an ileal diverticula. In all cases CT confirmed the preoperative diagnosis. In our experience, gallstone ileus may present with clinical features other than intestinal obstruction. In suspicious cases CT may be useful to decrease diagnostic delay, which is associated with more complications.     

Acute colonic ileus (pseudo-obstruction) in renal transplant recipients

Colon complications are a potential source of serious morbidity to the immunosuppressed patient. Because of multiple predisposing factors, renal transplant patients are a high-risk group for the development of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction. During a recent 18-month period, 290 renal transplants (79 living, 211 cadaveric donors) were performed and prospectively analyzed for colonic dysmotility. A total of 34 episodes of acute colonic ileus (30 primary, 4 recurrent) occurred in 30 (10.3%) renal transplant recipients. Acute colonic ileus was more frequent after living-donor transplantation (19.0% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.006). Analysis of multiple variables revealed that the incidence of acute colonic ileus was directly related to mean cumulative prednisone dosage (p less than 0.05). Medical therapy (rapid steroid reduction, bowel rest) resulted in a 76.7% response, whereas 8 patients underwent colonoscopy because of progression to acute pseudo-obstruction. The success rate for colonoscopic decompression was 87.5%; in 1 patient cecal perforation developed after unsuccessful decompression. Overall, 33 of 34 (97.1%) episodes of acute colonic ileus were successfully treated. Steroid-induced ileus (pseudo-obstruction) is a potentially malignant early form of colonic dysmotility infrequently reported in transplant recipients. Successful management requires early clinical recognition, reduction in steroid dosage, bowel rest, and urgent colonoscopic decompression in select cases.     

Stellenwert der intraluminalen Darmdekompression durch eine endoskopisch plazierte Dennis-Sonde in der Therapie des Ileus

For determination of the efficacy of intraluminal bowel decompression by an endoscopically placed Dennis tube, 174 patients with paralytic ileus or different kinds of partial small bowel obstruction were reviewed retrospectively. There were 66 cases (37.9%) of early post-operative ileus (A), 27 (15.5%) of late postoperative ileus (B), 38 (21.8%) of paralytic ileus (C), 31 (17.8%) with obstruction due to advanced intraabdominal tumors (D), and 12 (6.8%) of obstructive ileus caused by inflammatory stenosis of the small bowel in Crohn's disease (E). Successful endoscopic placement of the intestinal tube was achieved in 97.2% of patients. Placement of the tube was impossible in 5 cases. A total of 95 patients (54.6%) were successfully managed by long intestinal tube decompression. Success rates for the individual groups were 71.2% (A), 18.5% (B), 86.8% (C), 16.1% (D), and 41.7% (E). Some 75 patients (43.1%) had to be operated on because of insufficient conservative therapy. Four patients with advanced intraabdominal tumors died during the treatment with the intestinal tube; 13 patients died postoperatively. There was no tube-related mortality, but tube-related complications occurred in 6.9%. We conclude that intraluminal intestinal tube decompression after endoscopic placement provides a therapeutic tool with a concomitant low complication and high success rate in paralytic and early postoperative ileus.     

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目的 提高对胆石性肠梗阻的认识，及时明确诊断和手术治疗。方法 回顾性分析１３例胆石性肠梗阻的临床及影像学资料。结果 １３例均经手术治愈，仅３例术前确诊为胆石性肠梗阻。结论 滚动性梗阻是胆石性肠梗阻的特征，及时的Ｂ超和Ｘ线检查有助于早期明确诊断，手术解除结石梗阻是唯一的治疗手段。     

Aspects of diagnosis and therapy of gallstone ileus

The clinical experience with 14 gallstone ileus patients operated within a time period of 17 years is analysed with a survey of the relevant literature. For surgical solution enterolithotomy is recommended. The difficulties of early diagnosis are pointed out with an emphasis, in case of gallstone, on cholecystectomy for prevention of gallstone ileus.     

Indications for relaparotomy in acute postoperative intestinal obstruction]

For the period of 1977-1987, operations on the abdominal organs were performed in 13,306 patients. Of them, 115 (0.86%) developed 1 to 21 days after the operation acute ileus requiring the performance of emergency relaparotomy. Lethality in this complication was 33.9%. A retrospective analysis of 103 case records and observations on 12 patients who underwent at the early postoperative period emergency laparotomy for acute ileus were performed. The data were entered on a formalized card. The material was processed by means of a computer. The integral criteria for diagnosis of acute postoperative ileus which permitted to predict with an accuracy of 99% the complication serving an indication for relaparotomy were developed.     

Early postoperative small bowel obstruction

BACKGROUND: Early postoperative small bowel obstruction (EPSBO) is a distinct clinical entity that is often difficult to differentiate from postoperative ileus. METHODS: A literature search was performed for articles dealing with early postoperative small bowel obstruction using Medline and Google. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When bowel function does not return within 5 days after surgery, causes of persistent ileus should be excluded and treated. Most instances of mechanical EPSBO can be treated expectantly for at least 10-14 days with almost no risk of bowel strangulation. Some causes of obstruction (for example herniation at a laparoscopic trocar site) require early reintervention, whereas in other cases (such as radiation enteritis, carcinomatosis) reintervention may be deferred indefinitely. Many episodes of EPSBO resolve without the cause being elucidated.     

胆石性肠梗阻的影像学诊断

胆石性肠梗阻是一种罕见且具有潜在危险性的胆石症并发症,临床表现不典型,术前诊断困难。2005年3月至2012年9月上海市浦东新区人民医院收治了19例经手术或内镜检查证实的胆石性肠梗阻患者。患者术前X线片、超声、CT、MRI检查诊断准确率分别为0／10、0／5、19／19、9／9。CT检查可作为胆石性肠梗阻的首选检查方法。典型的CT表现为Rigler三联征：肠腔异位结石、机械性肠梗阻及胆道积气。MRI检查对瘘口的显示优于CT检查,可提供更为丰富全面的影像学信息,对手术方案的制订及预后的判断有重要参考价值;X线片及超声检查仅作为筛查手段。     

Ultrasound diagnosis in ileus

Unspecific clinical symptoms and negative general X-ray findings from the abdominal region have often been characteristic of early ileus stages and have caused delay in prognosis-enhancing surgery. These early stages can be more reliably identified by means of abdominal sonography. Ileus was detected by means of general abdominal sonography from three of 14 of the authors' own patients from whom negative findings had been recorded by X-ray examinations. Their ileus was eliminated by immediate surgical intervention.     

An acute obturation in the small intestine caused by phytobezoar in adhesive disease of the abdomen

Six cases of an acute obturation small bowel ileus observation, caused by phytobezoars, are presented. In 5 patients adhesive process in abdominal cavity was revealed after previously performed open operations. In 2 patients ileus was successfully managed using laparoscopic method--there were performed adhesiolysis, phytobezoar fragmentation, using Babcock forceps, and its conduction up to ileocaecal valve. In 2 patients, due to significant adhesive process present, which have interfered with laparoscopic adhesiolysis performance, a conversion was accomplished, adhesiolysis performed, the phytobezoar fragmentation and its conduction into the large bowel done. In one patient enterotomy was conducted, from intestinal lumen an apple was removed. An early adhesive obturaton ileus of small bowel have occurred in one patient. All the patients are alive.