动力髁螺钉在股骨粗隆周围骨折中的应用

目的：探讨动力髁螺钉（DCS）在股骨粗隆周围骨折中的应用及并发症原因，方法：对20例股骨粗隆周围骨折（粗隆间骨折12例，粗隆下骨折8例。其中粗隆间骨折根据Evans分型方法：I型10例，均为不稳定型：II型2例。）采用间接复位DCS内固定治疗，结果：经8个月－3年（平均2年）的随访，骨折全部愈合，尚存1例轻度髋内翻等并发症。结论：动力髁螺钉（DCS）治疗股骨粗隆周围骨折是DCS的一种新用途，是其他内固定的一个补充，适用于不稳定型的粗隆间骨折和特别靠近近端的粗隆下骨折，当术中其他内固定造成大粗隆游离，影响固定效果时，可改用DCS固定补救，应用间接复位技术，不需要固定小粗隆或内侧小粗隆植骨，术中反复穿钉，术后过早负重，可能引起髋内翻的原因。     

动力髁螺钉在股骨粗隆下骨折中的应用

目的　介绍用 95°动力髁螺钉 (DCS)治疗股骨粗隆下骨折的方法和优点。方法　应用 95°动力髁螺钉治疗 9例患者。结果　 9例患者均随访 6个月以上 ,骨折愈合时间平均 4 .3个月 ,无不良现象发生。结论　股骨粗隆下骨折 95°动力髁螺钉的应用具有良好的手术适应证 ,以及操作简便、固定牢靠、损伤小、早期进行功能锻炼等优点 ,是治疗股骨粗隆下骨折合理有效的方法。     

三种方法治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效比较

目的通过比较目前治疗股骨转子间骨折常用的三种内固定系统：动力髋螺钉（DHS）,动力髁螺钉（DCS）和股骨近端髓内钉（PFN）的临床疗效,评价三者在治疗股骨转子间骨折的优劣。方法对93例股骨转子间骨折,根据Evans分型,结合患者的年龄、骨折粉碎程度及骨折线的位置,分别选用DHS治疗58例,DCS治疗15例,PFN治疗20例。结果所有患者均获随访,时间为7～36个月,平均18个月,全部骨性愈合。根据Parker髋部骨折疗效标准：优63例,良22例,可8例,总优良率91．4％。结论DHS、DCS适用于稳定的I型、Ⅱ型及部分Ⅲ型股骨转子间骨折,DCS更适于股骨粗隆下或逆粗隆骨折,而PFN适用于股骨转子间各种类型骨折,而对Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型不稳定型骨折优势明显。     

95°DCS治疗股骨粗隆间及粗隆下粉碎性不稳定骨折

目的研究和评价95°DCS(动力髁螺钉)在股骨粗隆间及粗隆下粉碎性不稳定骨折中的应用。方法自1998年8月~2003年1月对23例髋部骨折(股骨粗隆间骨折15例,股骨粗隆下骨折8例)采用闭合复位95°DCS内固定治疗。结果全部病例均得到10个月~3年随访,主要指标为颈干角、髋关节伸屈活动度等。骨折全部愈合,无钢板松动、断裂、骨不连等并发症,1例轻度髋内翻。优16例,良6例,优良率95.7%。结论95°DCS能提供有效的固定,其治疗髋部骨折是DCS的另一种用处,是值得推荐的治疗粉碎性不稳定股骨粗隆间和粗隆下骨折的方法之一。     

动力髁螺钉治疗股骨粗隆下骨折

目的总结使用动力髁螺钉治疗股骨粗隆下骨折的疗效。方法自2003年12月至2007年12月,对64例股骨粗隆下骨折患者采用闭合复位、动力髁螺钉内固定治疗。结果所有病例随访9～36个月,平均17个月,均骨性愈合,无钢板松动、断裂、骨不连等并发症。2例出现轻度髋内翻。根据HSS髋关节评分法评定功能,优47例,良17例。结论动力髁螺钉特别适用于治疗股骨粗隆下骨折,是一种值得推荐的方法。     

高龄股骨粗隆下骨折的内固定治疗(附52例分析)

目的探讨高龄股骨粗隆下骨折特点及内固定的选择,以提高手术疗效。方法对52例高龄股骨粗隆下骨折患者使用DHS(20例)、DCS(12例)、PFN(10例)、Gamma钉(10例)固定治疗,并行术后疗效分析。结果 50例平均随访时间18个月,死亡2例,内植物松动3例,再骨折2例,其余骨折均愈合,髋关节等级评分总有效率80.7%,优良率65.4%。结论内固定治疗高龄股骨粗隆下骨折疗效满意。但Gamma钉因其设计和力学上的弊端,较DCS、DHS、PFN为差。     

动力髁螺钉内固定治疗股骨粗隆下骨折的临床分析

[目的]评估动力髁螺钉（Dynamic condylar screw DCS）内固定治疗股骨粗隆下骨折的临床价值。[方法]回顾性分析29例股骨粗隆下骨折患者，男18例，女11例，平均年龄52．2岁；车祸伤7例，坠落伤8例，跌伤14例；骨折按照Seinsheimer分类，Ⅱ型5例（ⅡB型2例、ⅡC型3例）、Ⅲ型12例（ⅢA型7例、ⅢB型5例）、Ⅳ型5例、Ⅴ型7例。手术方式均采用切开复位动力髁螺钉固定。所有病例随访9～24个月，平均16个月，随访内容包括Sanders髋关节功能评分及手术相关并发症。[结果]骨折均骨性愈合，愈合时间平均3．5个月（3—5个月），仅1例患者术后16个月骨折愈合后因外伤发生钢板断裂并粗隆间再次骨折。术后可早期进行患肢功能锻炼及无负重下地活动。未出现感染、髋内翻畸形、内固定松动等并发症。按Sanders髋关节功能评分系统评分，优（55～60分）18例，良（45—54分）10例，差（35～44分）1例，优良率96．5％。[结论]动力髁螺钉治疗股骨粗隆下骨折，复位满意，固定牢靠，可有效避免股骨缩短、旋转及髋内翻畸形，具有疗效好、康复快、功能恢复满意等优点，是治疗股骨粗隆下骨折可选择的理想治疗方法之一。     

SeinsheimerⅤ型股骨粗隆下骨折手术的内固定物选择及疗效分析

目的:探讨SeinsheimerⅤ型股骨粗隆下骨折手术的内固定物选择及疗效分析.方法:自1998年2月至2008年4月,对52例SeinsheimerⅤ型股骨粗隆下骨折先后应用Richards、DCS及PF-LCP内固定治疗.结果:52例均获随访,时间6～24个月(平均8个月),切口感染2例,螺钉松动1例,钢板断裂1例,骨不连1例,未见髋内翻、LCP锁定钉切割股骨头颈或失效滑出以及LCP板断裂等并发症.髋关节功能评价是依据美国矫形外科协会Harris关节评分标准,PF-LCP组优于DCS和Richards二组.结论:应用PF-LCP治疗SeinsheimerⅤ型股骨粗隆下骨折是一种较为理想的手段.     

N—Ti梯形自动加压钢板内固定治疗股骨粗隆间粗隆下骨折

目的：总结粗隆间，粗隆下骨折应用N-Ti-TACP内固定的经验及体会。方法：对37例股骨粗隆间，粗隆下骨折行切开复位及N-Ti-TACP内固定。结果：34例患者取得随访≥12个月，32例在3-5.5个月内骨折愈合，2例发生延迟愈合及髋内翻。结论；N-Ti-TACP治疗粗隆间，粗隆下骨折不需特殊设备。操作简单，疗效可靠。     

股骨粗隆下骨折的分型与手术治疗策略

目的讨论股骨粗隆下骨折的诊断分型和手术治疗策略,评价采用加长型伽马钉内固定治疗股骨粗隆下骨折的临床疗效。方法自2006-12—2012-12采用加长型伽马钉内固定治疗股骨粗隆下骨折33例,骨折按AO分型．针对不同骨折类型采用不同方法进行辅助复位,复位满意后按伽马钉操作常规置入髓内钉。术后1年采用创伤髋关节评分系统进行功能评价。结果33例均获得随访时间12～36个月,平均18个月。所有骨折均一期愈合。术后1年按创伤髋关节评分系统进行功能评价：优28例,良3例,可2例,优良率93．9％。结论股骨粗隆下骨折的AO分型简单实用,可有效指导临床治疗。采用多功能骨科牵引床牵引结合股骨粗隆下小切口辅助复位、加长伽马钉内固定治疗股骨粗隆下骨折是一种理想的手术方式。     

AO动力髁螺钉治疗股骨转子下长节段粉碎性骨折

目的 探讨AO动力髁螺钉(DCS)治疗股骨转子下长节段粉碎性骨折的效果。方法 对21例股骨转子下长节段粉碎性骨折患者采用间接复位、DCS内固定。结果 随访10～36个月，平均23个月，所有病例均骨性愈合，平均愈合时间4个月。无一例发生钢板螺钉松动、断裂、骨不连等并发症。功能评定：优17例，良4例。结论 DCS特别适用于治疗转子下粉碎性骨折，符合髋部生物力学要求，能达到良好的骨折复位、坚强的固定，可早期活动关节及功能锻炼，骨折愈合率高。     

重建钢板辅助股骨近端髓内钉内固定治疗股骨转子下骨折

目的探讨重建钢板辅助股骨近端髓内钉内固定治疗股骨转子下骨折的临床疗效。方法采用重建钢板辅助股骨近端髓内钉内固定治疗14例股骨转子下骨折患者。末次随访时采用Harris功能评分评价疗效。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~12个月。骨折愈合时间3~6个月。末次随访时根据Harris功能评分评价疗效:优10例,良3例,可1例,优良率为13/14。无髋内翻畸形、再次骨折、拉力螺钉切割股骨头及断钉发生。结论重建钢板辅助股骨近端髓内钉内固定治疗股骨转子下骨折可以达到坚强内固定,避免了内固定失效和骨折不愈合发生,术后疗效满意。     

动力髁螺钉内固定治疗股骨粗隆部骨折

目的：观察动力髁螺钉在股骨粗隆部骨折治疗中的应用及疗效。方法：应用动力髁螺钉治疗28例股骨粗隆部骨折。结果：随访8个月－30个月，骨折愈合时间平均16周，无髋内翻、患肢旋转畸形，无内固定物断裂、螺钉穿出等并发症发生，优22例，良5例，差1例，优良率为96．5％。结论：动力髁螺钉符合髋部生物力学，固定牢靠，并发症少，能早期活动，是治疗股骨粗隆部骨折的有效方法，尤其适用于骨折累及大粗隆、粗隆下而股骨距完整。     

截骨矫形钢板固定治疗股骨近段纤维结构不良伴髋内翻畸形

目的 探讨股骨转子下截骨矫形、动力髋或髁螺钉系统固定治疗股骨近段纤维结构不良(fibrous dysplasia,FD)伴髋内翻畸形的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2001年4月至2010年5月收治的26例股骨FD伴髋内翻畸形患者的临床资料,男9例,女17例;年龄10～53岁,中位年龄19岁.单骨型14例,多骨型12例.病灶长度为多骨型9～36 cm(平均19 cm),单骨型7～15 cm(平均9 cm);17例合并病理性骨折;术前颈干角65°～110°(平均92°),患肢短缩1.5～4.5cm(平均2.8 cm).21例病灶累及股骨颈者采用髋螺钉固定,5例未累及股骨颈者采用髁螺钉固定.结果 手术时间80～170 min(平均120min),出血量280～1650ml(平均960ml).术后颈干角为119°～140°(平均127°);患肢平均延长2.3 cm(1.5～3.6 cm).随访9～118个月(平均39个月),截骨面均愈合.除1例颈干角从术后126°减小到术后56个月的115°,其余患者无髋内翻畸形复发,无内固定断裂或松动.1例股骨颈变短、髋螺钉沿滑槽滑动,但螺钉未切割股骨头;1例术后7年外伤后钢板远端处股骨干骨折.根据Guille的功能评价标准,24例满意、2例不满意.结论 转子下截骨矫形、动力髋或髁螺钉系统内固定能有效地纠正股骨上段FD伴髋内翻畸形,改善患肢功能.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of subtrochanteric osteotomy plus dynamic hip/condyle screw (DHS/DCS)fixation to treat the fibrous dysplasia of the proximal femur with coxa vara.Methods Twenty-six clinical cases of femoral fibrous dysplasia with coxa vara were retrospectively analysed from April 2001 to May 2010.There were 9 males and 17 females,with a median age of 19(10 to 53).Forteen patients presented with monostotic disease,and 12 with polyostotic disease.The length of the lesion for polyostotic disease was from 9 cm to 36 cm,while for monostotic disease was from 7 cm to 15 cm.Seventeen cases were merged with pathologic fracture.The neck shaft angles were from 65 to 110 degree preoperation.The shortage of limbs was from 1.5 cm to 4.5 cm.Twenty-one patients involved in femoral neck were fixed with DHS and the other 5 cases with DCS.Results The duration of operation was from 80 to 170 min.The amout of bleeding was from 280 to 1650 ml with the average of 960 ml.The average postoperative neck shaft angles were 127 degree(119 to 140).The shortened limbs were extended 2.3 cm for average (1.5 to 3.6 cm).The follow-up time was from 9 to 118 months with the average of 39 months.All patients with osteotomy were healed.The neck shaft angle of 1 case decreased from post-operative 126°to 115°56months post-operatively,no coxa adducta recurrented and all internal fixations were in position.Hip screw backed out through the barrel in one case with the shortage of femoral neck.One case had femoral fracture after an injury.According to Guille function standard,24 cases were regarded as satisfied and 2 cases as unsatisfied.Conclusion Subtroehanteric osteotomy plus DHS/DCS fixation can effectively correct the fibrous dysplasia of the proximal femur with coxa vara,and significantly improve the function.     

微创内固定系统和动力髁螺钉固定股骨转子下骨折的生物力学研究

目的比较AO微创内固定系统(less invasive stabilization system,LISS)和动力髁螺钉(dynamiccondylar screw,DCS)固定股骨转子下骨折的生物力学性能,为临床选择内固定器治疗股骨转子下骨折提供理论依据。方法选取甲醛固定股骨近端相似的成年(35～50岁)尸体干股骨标本12根,排除畸形、骨折等病变,将标本随机分成LISS固定组(A组)和DCS固定组(B组),每组6根。每个标本小转子下方1 cm处用斜切机锯断,做成1 cm间隙,模拟粉碎性骨折模型,远端用牙托粉与牙托水包埋固定。标本模拟人体单足站立受力状态,固定于Instron-8874液压伺服力学实验测试机上,行轴向压缩试验和动态疲劳试验,测定抗压性能和标本内侧骨折线两端应变分布情况。结果轴向压缩试验显示,A组在2个应变片处的应变值均较B组相应应变值小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);相同载荷下,A组股骨头的垂直下沉位移显著小于B组(P<0.01);载荷600 N时,A组的轴向刚度为(209.06±18.63)N/mm,显著高于B组的(65.79±7.26)N/mm(t=3.787,P=0.004)。动态疲劳试验显示,在相同循环加载周期下,A组股骨头的垂直下沉位移小于B组(P<0.01);当股骨头垂直下沉位移达0.5 mm时,A组内固定所承受的力值及所用的循环加载周期次数均远大于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 LISS从生物力学和解剖结构上均能满足股骨转子下骨折内固定要求,具有良好的力学稳定性。经过生物力学比较,LISS内固定较DCS内固定牢固。     

Mechanical comparison of plates used in the treatment of unstable subtrochanteric femur fractures

OBJECTIVES: To determine the stiffness and strength characteristics of certain plate-composite femur models designed to simulate unstable subtrochanteric femur fractures (OTA 31-A2.3). DESIGN: Fifteen identical composite femora were osteotomized to produce like models of an unstable subtrochanteric femur fracture. The femora were fixed with either the Synthes 95 degree angled condylar blade plate, a 95 degree dynamic condylar screw plate (DCS), or a 135 degree dynamic compression hip screw (DHS). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: A materials testing machine was used to apply compression to the femoral head through an adapter plate. Stiffness values were calculated from the load-deformation curves obtained. RESULTS: The DHS-femur model was the stiffest (586 newtons/ millimeter), followed by the 95 degree DCS (404 newtons/millimeter) and the 95 degree condylar blade plate (260 newtons/ millimeter). The DHS also had the highest ultimate load-to-failure (4,877 newtons), followed by the 95 degree DCS (3,107 newtons) and the 95 degree condylar blade plate (2,272 newtons). All of these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.00001 ). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the Synthes 95 degree DCS has greater stiffness and strength than the Synthes 95 degree condylar blade plate when tested in this model of an unstable subtrochanteric femur fracture. This model may not be completely appropriate for testing the 135 degree DHS because the hard plastic "cortex" of the model prevented cut-out of the screw.     

Subtrochanteric femur fracture treated by intramedullary fixation

Purpose: To discuss surgical technique, operative efficacy and clinical outcome of intramedullary fixation in the treatment of subtrochanteric femur fractures. Methods: From February 2011 to February 2013, 76 cases of subtrochanteric femur fractures were treated by intramedullary fixation in our hospital, including 53 males and 23 females, with the age range of 37-72 years (mean 53.5 years). According to Seinsheimer classification, there were 2 cases of type I, 7 type II, 15 type III, 23 type IV and 29 type V. Firstly, all patients underwent closed reduction with the guidance of C-arm fluoroscopy in a traction table. Two cases of type I and 3 cases of type III fractures had ideal closed reduction followed by internal fixation. The others needed additional limited open reduction. Radiographic examination was used to evaluate callus formation and fracture healing in postoperative 1, 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up. Functional recovery was evaluated by Harris Hip Scoring (HHS) system. Results: Patients were followed up for 6e12 months. All fractures were healed except one patient with delayed union. The average bone union time was 4.5 months. According to HHS system, 65 cases were considered as excellent in functional recovery, 8 good, 2 fair and 1 poor. The proportion of the patients with excellent and good recovery was 96.05%. Conclusion: Intramedullary fixation is feasible for the treatment of subtrochanteric femur fracture. The accuracy of intraoperative reduction and surgical skill are important for the clinical outcome and the patients'' prognosis.     

Unstable pertrochanteric femoral fractures

BACKGROUND: Fractures in the trochanteric region of the femur are classified as AO/OTA 31-A, as they are extracapsular. This report analyzes the relatively rare 31-A3 fracture, which has also been referred to as an "intertrochanteric femur fracture with subtrochanteric extension," "reverse obliquity intertrochanteric femur fracture," "unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture," or a "subtrochanteric femur fracture." The A3 fracture is characterized by having a fracture line exiting the lateral femoral cortex distal to the vastus ridge. Possible fixation constructs include compression hip screws, intramedullary hip screws, trochanteric intramedullary nails, cephalomedullary antegrade intramedullary nails, and 95 degrees plates. Most reports investigating 31-A fractures do not describe the 31-A3 fracture. For this analysis, only reports clearly indicating that the fracture treated was a 31-A3 were included. It should be understood that this approach therefore excludes reports on generic "subtrochanteric fractures" or "intertrochanteric fractures," some of which may have been 31-A3 fractures. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of fixation technique for the AO/OTA 31-A3 fracture on rates of union, infection, risk of reoperation, and functional outcomes.     

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head after osteosynthesis of a proximal femur fracture with a 95° condylar plate

Summary Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a frequent complication after osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures. It is rarely seen after proximal femur fractures with intact trochanteric area. The choice of the implant varies from different blade systems (DHS, DCS and condylar plates) to intramedular nailing systems (gamma nail, classic nail). The complication of avascular necrosis of the femoral head after internal fixation of subtrochanteric and proximal femur fractures is reported following intramedullary nailing. We report a case of a femoral head necrosis after osteosynthesis of a proximal femur fracture with a 95 degree condylar plate.      

外固定或结合有限内固定治疗老年股骨转子下骨折

目的：探讨不同的外固定方法或有限内固定治疗老年股骨转子下骨折的作用。方法：３ 种固定方法即（１）多根直径３～３．５ｍ ｍ 斯氏针骨外穿针外固定支架固定；（２）外固定支架结合有限内固定（中空加压钉）；（３）髓内针内固定加钢丝环扎固定。结果：４５ 例经随访６ 个月～４ 年平均１８ 个月，优２９例、良１１ 例、中３ 例、差２ 例。结论：作者认为这种外固定器结构简单，这种方法具有极小的组织损伤，骨折愈合快，能早期下床，无并发症，手术操作简单固定牢固，针易拔除等优点，因此值得推广应用。