Ossifying subcutaneous tumor with myofibroblastic differentiation

Immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and flow cytometric studies were performed on an ossifying soft-tissue tumor, presumed to be a variant of ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts, which was located in the subcutis of the left buttock of a 76 year old Japanese woman. Histologically, this was a benign-looking spindle, oval, or round cell lesion, having a fibrous capsule with a discontinuous rim of bone as seen in typical cases. However, this lesion was also characterized by a high degree of cellular proliferation in storiform and whorl arrangements, extensive ossification, osteoid and metaplastic bone formation and absence of myxoid features. In an immunohistochemical study using formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded sections, many tumor cells expressed vimentin, S-100 protein, Leu-7, neuron specific enolase, and desmin. Ultrastructuraliy, this neoplasm consisted of fibroblast-like cells and myofibroblast-like cells. This tumor had an aneuploid DNA content. No recurrence has been observed for 16 months. These results suggest that the neoplastic cells may show the phenotypic expressions of myofibroblast and also osteogenic differentiation.     

对比组织悬液法及组织块法建立兔VX2皮下肿瘤模型的差异

文题释义：彩色多普勒血流显像(Color Doppler Flow Imaging，CDFI)：是利用红细胞与超声波之间的多普勒原理进行血流显像的技术，根据血流的方向和速度大小，进行伪彩色编码，后经彩色显示器显示，从而完成彩色多普勒血流显像。 VX2肿瘤(VX2 Tumor)：来源于Shope病毒，属于鳞状细胞癌的一种，可使乳头瘤恶变成鳞状上皮细胞癌的恶性肿瘤。因具有与人类肿瘤相似的形态学及生物学特性，目前主要用于动物模型的实验研究，尤其是兔VX2各组织器官肿瘤的影像学及肿瘤治疗的动物模型研究。背景：目前建立VX2皮下肿瘤模型的方法有多种，但建模方法各有优劣，能优质高效建立动物肿瘤模型的方法方可满足动物肿瘤实验的需求。 目的：对比观察不同方法建立兔VX2皮下肿瘤模型，探索更简单高效的建模方式，为兔VX2皮下肿瘤实验提供大批量高质量的动物模型奠定基础。方法：雄性新西兰大白兔66只。取2只制备VX2荷瘤种兔，再取荷瘤兔肿瘤组织分别制备瘤组织块及肿瘤组织悬液备用。实验分为2组：瘤组织悬液组20只，麻醉后于双侧后肢内侧面注射组织悬液0.15 mL；瘤组织块组20只，麻醉后于双侧后肢内侧面皮下植入瘤组织块。2组分别采用相应接种方式种植2只荷瘤种兔，各传5代。记录并比较2组肿瘤种植时间，采用二维及彩色多普勒超声观察肿瘤形态大小及生长情况，比较2组肿瘤成瘤率及传代情况。实验方案经中国人民解放军第三军医大学动物实验伦理委员会批准(批准号为AMUWE2020016)。 结果与结论：①组织悬液法肿瘤种植时间(75.70±11.16) s较组织块法肿瘤种植时间(100.80±9.21) s明显缩短(P=0.00)；②组织悬液法成瘤率95%显著高于组织块法成瘤率60%(P < 0.05)，肿瘤体积显著大于组织块法(P < 0.05)；③组织悬液法传代成功率95%显著高于组织块法传代成功率65%(P < 0.05)；④结果说明，组织悬液法建立兔VX2皮下肿瘤模型与瘤块法相比，更简单高效。 ORCID: 0000-0002-1281-4437(刘娅) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程     

A spontaneous subcutaneous tumor in C57BL/6 mice that metastasizes to the liver

A malignant tumor that arose spontaneously in the subcutaneous tissue of the back of a C57BL/6 female mouse was found to metastasize spontaneously to the liver. The primary and metastatic tumors, SML (spontaneous metastasis to the liver) 1 and SML 2, were establishedin vitro in long-term cell suspension culture and were passaged 10 timesin vivo for 18 months. When 100 000 cells were injected subcutaneously in the orthotopic position, tumor growth appeared in 60% of the SML 1 mice and 100% of the SML 2 mice. SML 1 did not grow when injected in the footpad, while SML 2 did. The median survival was 47 days for SML 1 and 48.5 days for SML 2 (P = 0.013). The pattern of metastasis was similar for both tumor cell lines, irrespective of intravenous or subcutaneous injection routes. Spontaneous metastasis of the SML 2 line occurred from both the orthotopic and heterotopic sites, while the SML 1 metastasized spontaneously from the orthotopic site only. Liver metastasis appeared in >90% of the mice for both SML 1 and SML 2. Metastasis to the spleen occurred in about half the mice. Other sites of metastasis were the ovaries (36% and 52%, respectively, for SML 1 and SML 2), the kidneys ( 15%) and the small bowel (very rarely). Metastasis to the lungs did not occur except very rarely in the later passages of the SML 2 line. Histologic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies showed a histiocytic tumor with macrophage characteristics. The cells exhibited chemotaxis toward liver extracellular matrix and reduced motility toward collagen IV, laminin and fibronectin compared to the B16-F10 melanoma line. This spontaneously occurring tumor should prove useful for the study of organ-specific metastasis to the liver.     

Well differentiated inflammatory subcutaneous liposarcoma (inflammatory atypical lipomatous tumor)

Well differential inflammatory liposarcoma is a rare type of low grade liposarcoma. Its microscopical features may simulate benign inflammatory pseudotumor. A case of this lesion was described occurring in the subcutis of the right supraclavicular region in 61-year-old woman. The tumor was round well circumscribed and measured 3 cm in diameter. Histologically, it contained a 1.5 cm inflammatory nodule, which was surrounded by otherwise typical lipoma-like liposarcoma. The inflammatory nodule was composed of lymphocytic aggregates and spindle to stellate cells with mild atypism. No lipoblasts were seen in this area which mimicked an inflammatory pseudotumor. Correct diagnosis was based on the recognition of the lipoma-like liposarcoma area in this lesion. Our patient had no recurrence six years after the tumor excision.     

A rotational ablation tool for calcified atherosclerotic plaque removal

Atherosclerosis is a major cardiovascular disease involving accumulations of lipids, white blood cells, and other materials on the inside of artery walls. Since the calcification found in the advanced stage of atherosclerosis dramatically enhances the mechanical properties of the plaque, restoring the original lumen of the artery remains a challenge. High-speed rotational atherectomy, when performed with an ablating grinder to remove the plaque, produces much better results in the treatment of calcified plaque compared to other methods. However, the high-speed rotation of the Rotablator commercial rotational atherectomy device produces microcavitation, which should be avoided because of the serious complications it can cause. This research involves the development of a high-speed rotational ablation tool that does not generate microcavitation. It relies on surface modification to achieve the required surface roughness. The surface roughness of the tool for differential cutting was designed based on lubrication theory, and the surface of the tool was modified using Nd:YAG laser beam engraving. Electron microscope images and profiles indicated that the engraved surface of the tool had approximately 1 μm of root mean square surface roughness. The ablation experiment was performed on hydroxyapatite/polylactide composite with an elastic modulus similar to that of calcified plaque. In addition, differential cutting was verified on silicone rubber with an elastic modulus similar to that of a normal artery. The tool performance and reliability were evaluated by measuring the ablation force exerted, the size of the debris generated during ablation, and through visual inspection of the silicone rubber surface.     

人体皮下肿瘤微波反射特性的解析表示

本文讨论人体皮下肿瘤的微波反射特性的解析表示。开口矩形波导探头与人体直接接触,建立时域有限差分法（ＦＤＴＤ）分析模型,进行严格的数值分析得到探头的微波反射系数。发现这一结构的组织模型中,肿瘤的大小和深度与反射系数之间存在一种简单的解析公式,从而避开了求解逆问题所要遇到的固有困难,使这类问题得到简化,这对人体表层组织的微波成像具有重要意义。     

Intravascular myopericytoma: an interesting case of a long-standing large, painful subcutaneous tumor

Myopericytoma is a benign neoplasm consisting of cells that appear to have a distinct differentiation towards presumed perivascular myoid cells. Amongst myopericytoma, an intravascular variant appears to have been reported only rarely. A 67-year-old man presented with a 15-year history of a painful, slow growing 3 × 3.5 cm sized mass in the subcutis of his right lateral thigh. Histopathological studies showed a subcutaneous mass entirely within the lumen of a vein. The tumor was composed of spindle-shaped myoid-appearing cells in a concentric arrangement, intimately associated with thin-walled vascular channels. Tumor cells were diffusely positive for smooth muscle actin, focally positive for CD34, and negative for desmin and CD31. From these findings, we diagnosed this lesion as intravascular myopericytoma. Unlike previous reports, our case showed a relatively large painful subcutaneous mass, although this tumor has an intravascular nature.     

A subcutaneous pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor of soft parts of the right chest wall: report of a rare case

Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor of the soft parts is an extremely rare mesenchymal tumor consisting of spindled and pleomorphic tumor cells and clusters of ectatic, fibrin-lined vessels. It typically occurs in the subcutaneous tissues of the distal extremities, usually the ankles and feet. Here we present a case of pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor of the soft parts of the right chest wall in a 51-year old female. The tumor was subcutaneous, nonencapsulated, and about 2.0 cm×1.0 cm. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of numerous ectatic, fibrin-filled, thin-walled blood vessels, surrounded by spindled or pleomorphic tumor cells arranged in sheet-like or fascicular architecture, or randomly. Mitotic activity of the tumor cells was low. Immunohistochemical analysis shows that the tumor cells were positive for CD34 and vimentin, but negative for CD31, CK, desmin, EMA, HMB45, Myo D1, P63 and S-100. Ki67 index was about 1%.