影响冠状动脉侧支循环形成的因素分析

目的:探讨冠脉病变特点,影响冠脉侧支循环(CCC)形成的因素。方法:连续收录2013年9月至2014年7月在本院心内科住院治疗择期行冠脉造影术,任一支冠脉主要分支狭窄程度≥50%的患者268例。根据冠脉造影结果分为CCC组(70例)和无CCC组(198例)。对冠脉病变特点、冠心病危险因素与侧支循环形成的关系进行统计分析。结果:(1)与无CCC组比较,CCC组的吸烟率明显降低(54.5%比35.7%),冠状动脉多支病变率(23.7%比52.9%)及重度(≥95%)狭窄率(32.3%比100%)明显升高(P0.05或0.01);(2)左前降支(LAD)、左回旋支(LCX)和右冠状动脉(RCA)作为供血支的比例基本相等,作为受血支RCA所占比例明显高于LAD和LCX(48.7%比32.1%比23.1%,P=0.004)。结论:1吸烟抑制侧支循环的形成;2冠脉狭窄程度及病变支数与侧支循环形成有密切关系,冠脉重度狭窄,病变支数多易形成侧支循环;3右冠闭塞几率较高也易形成侧支循环。     

PCI术中冠脉穿孔致急性心包填塞抢救成功1例报告

患者女，64岁，以反复胸痛3年，加重1月于2003年4月3日入院。心电图示V1～V4呈QS型，诊断为冠心病，陈旧前壁心肌梗死，不稳定心绞痛。于4月14日行冠状动脉(冠脉)造影术，示左前降支(LAD)发出第一对角支(D1)后99％闭塞，左回旋支(LCX)及右冠状动脉(RCA)正常，可见RCA和LAD形成侧支循环，血流1级。决定干预LAD。沿7FJL4指     

多层螺旋CT冠脉造影对冠心病的诊断价值

目的 评价心电门控的多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影(MSCTA)对冠心病的诊断价值及其局限性。 方法 2003-10～2004-12对中国医科大学第二附属医院83例患者均行16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影和导管法冠状动脉造影(CAG),前后时间不超过2周,逐支逐段进行分析,以图像质量分为可评估冠脉和不可评估冠脉,以冠脉血管狭窄大于50%为阳性,各分支归入前降支(LAD)、回旋支(LCX)、右冠(RCA)。 结果 以CAG结果作为金标准,83例患者332支冠脉血管(LM、LAD、LCX和RCA)中不可评估的为28支(8.4%),在可评估304支冠脉中,CAG有阳性病变59支,MSCTA准确检出48支;无     

常规心电图在心肌梗死诊断中的价值

目的 在心肌梗死患者中，观察心电图改变与梗死相关冠脉(IRA)病变之间的相关性。方法 51例入选分析。所有病例均接受冠脉造影。结果 以左前降支(LAD)为梗死相关冠脉(IRA)，单次梗死者，最常累及的导联是V2导联，无论单支病变还是双支和三支病变，部分病例都累及右胸导联和下壁导联；以右冠(RCA)或左回旋支(LCX)为IRA，均可累及下壁和右胸导联，但LCX可累及高侧壁或侧壁。结论 在心肌梗死患者中，分析常规12导联心电图，有助对冠脉病变的推测，在此基础上加选用导联，能更精确推测冠脉病变。     

冠心病伴束支传导阻滞患者冠状动脉病变特点研究

目的 :探讨冠心病伴束支传导阻滞患者冠状动脉血管病变特点。方法 :回顾性分析冠心病伴束支传导阻滞患者 (束支阻滞组 ,39例 )及无束支阻滞的冠心病患者 (对照组 ,35 1例 )心电图束支阻滞有无与冠状动脉病变的对应关系。结果 :与对照组比较 ,束支阻滞组左主干、左回旋支 (LCX)及三支血管 [左前降支 (LAD)、LCX、右冠状动脉 (RCA)同时存在病变 ]发生病变比率增加 (P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 5 )。右束支传导阻滞(RBBB)者LAD及RCA发病率高 ,RBBB并发左前分支阻滞 (LAFB)者三支血管病变发生率增高 ,左束支传导阻滞 (LBBB)者LAD、LCX病变发生率高 ,LAFB者LAD病变发生率高 ,房室传导阻滞伴束支阻滞患者多为三支血管病变。结论 :冠心病伴束支阻滞预示冠状动脉病变广泛而严重 ,LBBB提示冠状动脉血管病变以左冠状动脉为主 ,RBBB提示冠状动脉血管病变多累及RCA及LAD ,如存在 2种以上阻滞 ,特别是并发有左前分支或房室阻滞时 ,多提示存在三支血管病变及左主干病变     

老年冠心病合并糖尿病患者的临床及冠状动脉病变特点

目的探讨老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)合并糖尿病患者临床特点及冠状动脉(冠脉)病变特征分析。方法选取商洛市山阳县人民医院于2014年1月~2017年6月经冠脉造影诊断为冠心病,且年龄65岁的患者250例,按照是否合并糖尿病分为糖尿病组和非糖尿病组各125例。统计患者一般临床资料及入院24 h内实验室结果。根据冠脉狭窄直径≥50%累及左前降支(LAD)、左回旋支(LCX)、右冠状动脉(RCA)或左主干(LM)分为单支、双支(累及左主干为双支)及三支病变组。根据Gensini积分标准对每例患者进行评分。结果冠心病合并糖尿病组空腹血糖(FPG)较非糖尿病组明显升高(P0.001)。糖尿病组冠脉三支病变发生率高于非糖尿病组(P0.001),单支病变、两支/左主干病变发生率低于非糖尿病组(P0.001)。与非糖尿病组相比,糖尿病组冠脉病变部位累及LAD、LCX和RCA更多,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与非糖尿病组比较,糖尿病组冠脉病变支数更多、Gensini积分更高(P0.001)。结论冠心病合并糖尿病患者冠脉病变更广泛和严重,具有更高致死风险。     

选择性冠状动脉造影163例资料分析

目的了解在确诊或怀疑冠心病病人群体中冠状动脉情况，为冠心病诊断与治疗提供参考。方法对我院连续163例选择性冠状动脉造影资料进行分析。结果①右冠优势型81％；左冠优势型10．4％；均衡型8．6％；②47．3％的病人发现有冠脉狭窄，其中单支病变33．8％，二支病变37．6％，三支病变28．6％。共累及142支血管，累及前降支最多占40．8％、右冠30．3％、回旋支26．8％，左主干病变2．1％；③全组室壁瘤13例占8％，其中有侧支循环形成5例。④正常心电图表现99例占60．8％，其中24例冠造显示冠脉病变占24．2％。结论选择性冠状动脉造影对于确切了解冠状动脉情况，特别是对那些尚未出现症状的冠心病病人有极其重要的意义。     

右冠状动脉狭窄程度对左冠状动脉狭窄患者左室射血分数的影响

目的研究右冠状动脉不同程度狭窄对左冠状动脉狭窄患者左室射血分数（LVEF）的影响。方法根据左冠状动脉病变部位不同,将1 000例左冠状动脉狭窄患者分为左前降支（LAD）狭窄,左回旋支（LCX）狭窄,左主干（LM）狭窄,左前降支+左回旋支（LAD+LCX）狭窄4个系列。每个系列再根据右冠状动脉（RCA）病变程度不同分为RCA正常组（直径狭窄<50%）、RCA非闭塞组（99%>直径狭窄≥50%）和RCA闭塞组（直径狭窄≥99%）,比较分析3组间LVEF的差异。结果在LAD,LCX,LM,LAD+LCX狭窄时,与RCA正常组LVEF相比,RCA非闭塞组LVEF分别下降0.9%,0.3%,3.4%和2.8%;RCA闭塞组LVEF分别下降10.9%,3.7%,6.5%和5.2%。LAD狭窄时,RCA非闭塞组和RCA闭塞组之间LVEF有统计学差异（P<0.01）。结论右冠状动脉病变可在左冠状动脉狭窄的基础上使左室射血分数进一步下降;当左冠状动脉狭窄为闭塞性病变时,影响更为明显。     

运动平板心电图阳性与冠脉造影价值的比较研究

目的分析无创性的运动平板心电图对冠心病的诊断价值。方法选择41例拟诊冠心病患者行运动平板心电图检查阳性,再行冠状动脉各分支造影后做对比分析及评价。结果运动平板实验对各病变血管的阳性预测性率,左前降支（LAD）为71.4%,左旋支（LCX）为54.3%,右冠状动脉（RCA）为60.0%,左主干（LM）为100%。运动平板对各病变血管的诊断准确性比较,左前降支（LAD）为72.6%,左旋支（LCX）为60.7%,右冠状动脉（RCA）为68.1%,左主干（LM）为2.8%。结论运动平板实验作为无创性检查冠心病方法,在不同部位血管支病变其诊断意义不同,应结合其他实验综合分析。     

冠心病患者的心率变异与冠状动脉病变和心肌缺血的关系

目的 探讨冠心病患者的心率变异(HRV)与冠状动脉(简称冠脉)狭窄程度、冠脉病变、心肌缺血的关系.方法 患者405例行三通道动态心电图监测和冠脉造影,根据检测结果分别对冠脉狭窄不同程度、冠脉病变部位和心肌缺血情况进行心率变异性(HRV)分析.结果 (1):冠心病患者405例冠脉狭窄276例(68.1%),无狭窄129(31.9%).检测出有心肌缺血221例(54.6%),无心肌缺血184例(45.4%).冠脉病变部位以冠脉左前降支(LAD)病变和右冠脉(RCA)病变为主,其次是左回旋支(LCX)病变.(2): 随着冠状动脉狭窄程度加重,窦性RR间期标准差(SDNN)、高频功率(HF)降低,而低频功率(LF)/HF升高.SDNN、HF在冠脉重度狭窄组较冠脉无狭窄组有显著的统计学差异.(3):在冠脉病变部位中,HRV指标变化最显著是LAD病变,其次RCA病变,LCX病变不明显.(4):心肌缺血患者SDNN、HF均明显低于无心肌缺血患者(P＜0.01).结论 冠心病患者HRV与冠脉狭窄程度、冠脉病变、心肌缺血有密切关系.     

Percutaneous Intervention of Circumflex Chronic Total Occlusions Is Associated With Worse Procedural Outcomes: Insights From a Multicentre US Registry

BackgroundWe sought to determine whether outcomes of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) vary according to CTO target vessel: left anterior descending artery (LAD), left circumflex artery (LCX), and right coronary artery (RCA).MethodsWe evaluated the clinical and angiographic characteristics and procedural outcomes of 636 patients who underwent CTO PCI at 6 high-volume centres in the United States between January 2012 and March 2014.ResultsThe CTO target vessel was the RCA in 387 cases (61%), LAD in 132 (21%), and LCX in 117 (18%). LCX lesions were more tortuous and RCA lesions had greater occlusion length and Japanese Chronic Total Occlusion (J-CTO) score, but were less likely to have a side branch at the proximal cap and had more developed collateral circulation. The rate of procedural success was lower in LCX CTOs (84.6%), followed by RCA (91.7%), and LAD (94.7%) CTOs (P = 0.016). Major complications tended to occur more frequently in LCX PCI (4.3% vs 1.0% for RCA vs 2.3% for LAD; P = 0.07). LCX and RCA CTO PCI required longer fluoroscopy times (45 [interquartile range (IQR), 30-74] minutes vs 45 [IQR, 21-69] minutes for RCA vs 34 [IQR, 20-60] minutes for LAD; P = 0.018) and LCX CTOs required more contrast administration (280 [IQR, 210-370] mL vs 250 [IQR, 184-350] mL for RCA and 280 [IQR, 200-400] mL for LAD).ConclusionsIn a contemporary, multicentre CTO PCI registry, LCX was the least common target vessel. Compared with LAD and RCA, PCI of LCX CTOs was associated with a lower rate of procedural success, less efficiency, and a nonsignificant trend for higher rates of complications.     

The site of plaque rupture in native coronary arteries: a three-vessel intravascular ultrasound analysis

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the axial location of plaque ruptures in native coronary arteries. BACKGROUND: It is clinically important to understand the potential sites of plaque rupture. METHODS: We performed three-vessel intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) examination in 392 patients; 231 had acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and 161 had stable angina pectoris (SAP). The IVUS detected plaque ruptures in 206 patients: 158 ACS patients and 48 SAP patients. The distance between each coronary plaque rupture segment and the respective coronary ostium was measured with motorized IVUS transducer pullback in all three coronary arteries. RESULTS: There were a total of 273 plaque ruptures in these 206 patients; 143 in the left anterior descending artery (LAD), 40 in the left circumflex artery (LCX), and 90 in the right coronary artery (RCA). There were 67 plaque ruptures in SAP patients and 206 in ACS patients; there were 197 culprit/target lesion plaque ruptures and 76 non-culprit/non-target lesion plaque ruptures. The LAD plaque ruptures were predominantly located between 10 and 40 mm from the LAD ostium (83%, 119 of 143). The LCX plaque ruptures were evenly distributed in the entire LCX tree. Most RCA plaque ruptures were located in segments between 10 and 40 mm (48%, 43 of 90) and in segments >70 mm from the ostium (32%, 29 of 90). CONCLUSIONS: Three-vessel IVUS imaging showed that plaque ruptures occurred mainly in proximal segments of the LAD (83% of LAD plaque rupture), the proximal and distal segments of the RCA (48% and 32% of RCA plaque ruptures, respectively), and the entire LCX.     

Dobutamine stress echocardiography as a predictor of coronary lesion severity on coronary angiography.

In order to evaluate the capacity of dobutamine stress echocardiography (stress echo) to predict the severity of atherosclerotic lesions observed on coronary angiography in patients with coronary artery disease, we performed a retrospective study at Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia and Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil. The health records of 40 patients who underwent both stress echo and coronary angiography within a period of less than 14 days were assessed. For the stress echo analysis, the heart was divided into 16 segments and the different types of response assessed: biphasic, ischemic, viable or unchanged. The main arteries - left anterior descending artery (LAD), left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) and right coronary artery (RCA) and their branches - were studied by coronary angiography to assess the degree of obstruction (in %), the type of lesion (A, B1, B2 or C), and the presence or absence of collateral circulation. The following results were obtained: patients showing an altered response on stress echo (ischemic) presented a higher degree of coronary obstruction as well as more complex lesions in the anterior descending artery on coronary angiography. A higher degree of obstruction was associated with more complex lesions (in LAD, LCx and RCA) and collateral circulation (in LAD and RCA). The presence of more complex lesions also correlated with collateral circulation in the LAD. Based on these results, we concluded that dobutamine stress echocardiography is a non-invasive test capable of predicting the severity of coronary lesions in patients with chronic ischemic cardiopathy.     

体外反搏治疗冠心病前后冠状动脉造影对比

为了估计体外反搏对冠心病的治疗价值,对2例稳定型心绞痛患者(病程分别为10年和3年),在反搏前后进行冠状动脉(以下简称冠脉)造影,观察冠脉侧支循环的变化。例1于1986年5月31日造影示三支病变,狭窄程度:前降支90%,回旋支99%,右冠脉3处狭窄均为75%,伴少量侧支。经每天1h(共87h)反搏后,在同一医院于1986年9月13日进行第二次造影,前后对比三支狭窄程度无改变,但增加许多网状侧支循环。例2第一次冠脉造影示三支病变,狭窄程度前降支为75%,回旋支75%,右冠脉90%。立即进行体外反搏94h后,第二次冠脉造影,前后对比狭窄处无明显改变,侧支增加。     

右冠状动脉病变对左冠状动脉狭窄患者左心室功能的影响

目的　探讨右冠状动脉病变对左冠状动脉狭窄患者左心室功能的影响及其机制。方法　对比分析左冠状动脉狭窄患者在合并与不合并右冠状动脉病变时的左心室射血分数。结果　与相应部位单纯左冠状动脉狭窄患者相比 ,合并右冠状动脉病变患者左心室射血分数均呈不同程度地下降 ,其中在左前降支、左前降支 +左回旋支狭窄基础上合并右冠状动脉病变时左心室射血分数下降有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5或 0 .0 1) ,左主干合并右冠状动脉狭窄患者下降幅度最大 ,但无统计学意义。结论　右冠状动脉病变可在单纯左冠状动脉狭窄的基础上使左心室收缩功能进一步恶化 ;当左冠状动脉狭窄部位为左前降支、左主干或左前降支 +左回旋支时 ,对左心室收缩功能影响更为严重     

不同冠状动脉病变部位患者的心磁图参数比较

目的 比较不同部位的冠状动脉病变患者心磁图参数。 方法 采用上海MEDI仪器有限公司生产的心磁图仪对99名单支冠状动脉病变患者进行心磁图检查，以91名非冠心病患者为对照组。选择T峰磁场角度、TT角度最大值、TT角度最小值、TT角度变化值、TT距离变化值、T峰最大最小比值、T峰最大电流角度、TT电流角度最大值、TT电流角度最小值、TT电流角度变化值作为参数进行分析，比较左前降支（LAD）组（n = 44），左回旋支（LCX）组(n = 25)，右冠状动脉（RCA）组(n=30)和对照组（n = 91）的心磁图结果。 结果 与对照组比较，LAD组T峰磁场角度显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。LCX组T峰磁场角度、TT电流角度最大值和TT电流角度变化值均显著高于对照组（均P<0.01）。RCA组TT角度最小值和TT距离变化值显著低于对照组（均P<0.01），而TT电流角度最大值和TT电流角度变化值显著高于对照组（均P<0.01）。LCX组T峰磁场角度高于LAD组和RCA组（分别P<0.01；P<0.05）。 RCA组TT距离变化值显著低于LAD组（P<0.01）。 结论 不同部位冠状动脉病变的心磁图部分参数有显著差异。     

Physiological impact of CTO recanalization assessed by coronary pressure measurement: A case report

In this case report, physiological changes of myocardial perfusion in the collateral recipient right coronary artery (RCA) and the collateral donor left anterior descending artery (LAD) with an intermediate lesion were assessed using intracoronary pressure measurement, before and after revascularization of chronic total occlusion (CTO). A 44‐year‐old male was referred for a catheter examination due to silent myocardial ischemia. An invasive coronary angiogram revealed diffuse narrowing of the RCA with focal occlusive segments in addition to intermediate stenosis in the LAD. A well developed collateral channel from the LAD to the RCA was also confirmed. Fractional flow reserve (FFRmyo) of the LAD before opening the RCA was 0.81. After successful revascularization of the RCA, FFRmyo of the LAD and the RCA were measured with and without an RCA balloon occlusion. Because collateral fractional flow reserve (FFRcoll) of the RCA could be regarded as FFRmyo before revascularization, FFRmyo of the RCA increased from 0.67 to 0.90, meaning a 23% increase of maximum flow by intervention. Interestingly, improvement of FFRmyo of the LAD from 0.81 to 0.93 was also observed, which means a 12% increase of maximum flow. Coronary steal in the LAD was reconfirmed by dramatic worsening of FFRmyo from 0.93 to 0.77 by an RCA balloon occlusion. This phenomenon may be explained by an immediate recruitment of collateral channels. This case clearly demonstrated that CTO opening improves perfusion in not only myocardium supplied by the CTO vessel, but also in that which is supplied by a contralateral collateral donor artery. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Sudden cardiac death and arrhythmia profile in patients with single-vessel coronary disease

214 patients with single vessel disease (high grade stenosis greater than or equal to 75% or occlusion of the LAD, RCA or LCX) were followed for 1-78 months, average 51 months. Incidence of sudden death was studied in relation to coronary artery lesions, left ventricular wall motion and ventricular arrhythmias found during ambulatory ECG monitoring at the time of angiography. Incidence of sudden death was 11.1% (16/144) in LAD, 7.3% (4/55) in RCA and 6.7% (1/15) in LCX lesions. Coronary artery occlusion was associated with a significantly higher incidence of sudden death (14.6%, 18/123) than high-grade stenosis (3.3%, 3/91) (p less than 0.05). The risk of sudden death increased markedly in patients with complex arrhythmias and an occluded LAD or RCA (21.0%, 8/38; 18.2%, 2/11) compared to patients without complex arrhythmias (14.7%, 5/34; 5.5%, 1/18) (p = ns). Only one patient (1/15, 6.7%) with an isolated LCX lesion died suddenly. Our data show that the incidence of sudden death over 51 months is relatively low in patients with single vessel disease. However, LAD occlusion or RCA lesion with akinetic left ventricular areas and complex arrhythmias are independent predictors of sudden death.