正常大鼠吸入一氧化氮对肾脏毒副作用的影响

目的探讨吸入外源性一氧化氮 (nitricoxide,NO)对正常大鼠肾脏的毒副作用。方法 72只大鼠随机分为三组 ,均行气管切开 ,插气管导管。吸氧组 (G1 )单纯吸氧 (FiO2 0 .4 0 ) ,低浓度NO吸入组 (G2 )和高浓度NO吸入组(G3 )除吸氧外 ,分别吸入 4 0ppm和 80 ppm的NO ,于 2、8、1 2、2 4h取标本检测 ;另取 6只大鼠建立正常值和组织学对照。数据行多个样本均数间方差分析。结果三组肾脏含水量无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,三组呼出气NO2 浓度G3 组比G1 和G2 组显著增高 (P <0 .0 5、P <0 .0 1 ) ;三组Cr变化不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,G3 组血尿素氮和高铁血红蛋白分别高于G1 和G2 组 (P >0 .0 5、P <0 .0 1 ) ,G1 和G3 组均出现肾脏组织形态和超微结构的病理性变化 ,但G2 组病理变化较轻。结论吸入低浓度NO对肾脏无明显毒副作用 ,吸入 80 ppm的NO对肾组织有不同程度的损害     

正常大鼠吸入一氧化氮肾脏抗氧化能力的变化

目的:观察吸入外源性一氧化氮(NO)对正常大鼠肾脏抗氧化能力的影响,旨在评价其对肾脏的毒副作用。方法:72只大鼠随机分为3组,均行气管切开及呼吸机辅助呼吸,吸氧组(G_1)单纯吸氧,低浓度NO吸入组(G_2)和高浓度NO吸入组(G_3),除吸氧外,分别吸入40ppm和80ppm的NO。分别取6只大鼠建立正常值。数据行多个样本均数间方差分析。结果:血清中TAOC G_2与G_3组均高于G_1(P<0.01);G_2组MDA/SOD低于G_1和G_3(P<0.01)。肾组织中SOD三组变化不显著,G_3组MDA明显高于G_1和G_2组(P<0.01),G_2组低于G_1(P<0.05);三组ATP均低于正常值(P<0.01),但G_2明显高于G_1和G_3组。结论:吸入低浓度NO能不同程度的提高肾组织能量水平和抗氧化能力,而高浓度的NO则会有一定损伤作用。     

烹调胡麻油烟致大鼠肝组织氧化损伤的实验研究

目的　通过大鼠吸入染毒烹调胡麻油烟 (CSOF) ,检测烹调胡麻油烟对大鼠血清及肝组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH -Px)的活性、谷胱甘肽 (GSH)、丙二醛 (MDA)的含量变化 ,探讨其变化规律和对肝损伤的作用机理。方法　采用动式吸入CSOF为染毒组 ,油烟平均浓度为 (4 3 91± 14 76 )mg/m3 ,阴性对照组吸入新鲜空气 (2 0℃～ 2 4℃ ) ,每组 18只动物 ,分别于染毒第 2 0、4 0、6 0d三时相收集肝脏标本测定肝组织匀浆中SOD、GSH -Px活性 ,MDA、GSH含量 ,同时收集血液标本后测定血清中GSH含量和GSH -Px活性。结果　大鼠吸入CSOF可致肝组织MDA含量增高 (P <0 0 1) ,GSH -Px和SOD活性明显低于阴性对照组 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ;GSH含量明显低于阴性对照组(P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1)。结论　烹调胡麻油烟可致大鼠肝组织细胞脂质过氧化     

吸入一氧化氮对吸入性损伤大鼠肝脏毒副作用的研究

目的:观察吸入外源性一氧化碳(NO)对重度烟雾吸入性损伤大鼠肝脏的毒副作用。方法:72只大鼠随机分为3组,均行气管切开及插管,制成重度吸入性损伤,予以呼吸机辅助呼吸。对照组(G_1)单纯吸氧(FiO_20.4),低浓度NO吸入组(G_2)和高浓度NO吸入组(G_3)除吸氧外,分别吸入40×10E~(-6)和80×10E~(-6)的NO,于伤后2、8、12、24h取标本检测。另取6只正常大鼠和6只致伤后半小时大鼠分别建立正常值与伤后值。数据行多个样本均数间方差分析。结果:G_1组GTP明显高于G_2和G_3组及伤前值(P<0.01),G_1和G_3组Tbil均高于G_2组和伤前值(P<0.05)。G_2组织含水量低于G_1和G_3组(P<0.01)。G_1组MHb高于G_2和G_3组(P<0.01),G_3组呼出气中NO_2浓度高于G_1和G_2组(P<0.01)。G_2的组织形态和超微结构的病理改变明显轻于G_1,G_3组次之。结论:吸入40×10E~(-6)的NO能减轻吸入伤后肝脏组织的病理改变,而80×10E~(-6)的NO则可能有一定的损伤作用。     

环氧化酶-2与氧化应激在急性肝损伤中的作用

目的 :研究环氧化酶 2 (COX 2 )在急性肝损伤中的表达 ,探讨COX 2与氧化应激在急性肝损伤中的作用。　方法 :将 3 0只Wistar大鼠随机分为三组 ,正常组 10只 ;对照组 10只 ,腹腔注射CCl4原液 1ml/kg ;实验组 10只 ,腹腔注射CCl4原液 1ml/kg、2h后给予 80mg/kg塞来昔布 (Celecoxib)灌胃。　 结果 :血清学检测结果显示 ,对照组和实验组大鼠血清丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST)和细菌内毒素 (LPS)均较正常组大鼠显著增高(P <0 .0 5 ) ,对照组与实验组大鼠血清ALT、AST和LPS水平差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。对照组和实验组大鼠肝匀浆一氧化氮 (NO)、丙二醛 (MDA)均较正常组大鼠明显增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,对照组与实验组大鼠血清NO和MDA水平差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。H E染色光镜下示对照组和实验组大鼠大量肝细胞肿胀、空泡变性和脂肪变性 ,部分肝细胞坏死。免疫组化结果显示COX 2在正常肝组织无表达 ,实验组大鼠较对照组大鼠COX 2表达明显增高 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论 :急性肝损伤后 ,内毒素刺激COX 2表达 ,氧化应激反应加剧 ,COX 2表达和NO水平增高可能是机体对抗损伤的一种保护性机制。     

加味复方血脂清对糖尿病大鼠血糖及过氧化反应的影响

采用四氧嘧啶复制糖尿病大鼠模型 ,观察加味复方血脂清对糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响 ,检测血清、肝脏、胰腺组织MDA水平及血清总抗氧化能力。结果表明模型组血糖、血清及肝胰组织MDA水平明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,血清总抗氧化能力明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;治疗组血糖、血清及肝胰组织MDA水平显著低于模型组 (P <0 .0 1) ,血清总抗氧化能力显著高于模型组 (P <0 .0 1) ,证实加味复方血脂清能有效降低血糖 ,同时对机体过氧化损伤具有明显的保护作用。     

吸入烹调胡麻油烟致大鼠氧化损伤及其保护作用的研究

目的 :探讨烹调胡麻油烟对大鼠体内氧化损伤的作用 ,并观察SOD富硒枸杞对胡麻油烟致大鼠氧化损伤的保护作用。方法 :5 4只SD雄性大鼠随机分为染毒组、干预组和对照组 ,每组 18只 ,采用动式染毒方式。染毒组动物仅吸入 4 4 .4 4± 18.6 8mg/m3 的胡麻油烟 ,干预组的动物在吸入上述浓度的胡麻油烟后给予 10 %SOD富硒枸杞提取液 ,阴性对照组动物吸入新鲜的空气 (2 0℃～ 2 2℃ ) ,分别于染毒后的第 15、30、5 0天处死动物 ,检测实验动物肺、肝组织及血清中SOD活性和MDA含量 ,以及肺组织NO含量和NOS的活性。结果 :胡麻油烟染毒组大鼠血清、肺及肝组织匀浆中SOD活性降低 ,MDA含量升高 ,肺组织中NO含量下降 ,NOS活性降低 ,与阴性对照组比较 ,差异均具有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;给予SOD富硒枸杞提取液后 ,枸杞干预组动物SOD活性、NOS活性、NO含量较染毒组明显升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而MDA含量明显降低(P <0 0 5 ) ,结论 :烹调油烟可引起SOD和NOS活性下降 ,MDA含量升高 ,NO含量降低 ,可致实验动物氧化损伤 ;SOD富硒枸杞对胡麻油烟所致的氧化损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

慢性支气管炎大鼠肺一氧化氮和丙二醛产生的变化

[目的 ]测定慢性支气管炎大鼠肺一氧化氮 (NO)、丙二醛 (MDA)含量的变化 ,探讨NO和氧化应激在慢性支气管炎发生发展过程中的作用。 [方法 ]气管内滴细菌脂多糖两次并熏烟 2 8d复制慢性支气管炎动物模型 ,用酶标测定仪检测肺组织匀浆中NO(硝酸盐还原酶法 )、MDA含量与支气管肺泡灌洗液中NO质量分数。 [结果 ]慢性支气管炎大鼠肺组织匀浆NO含量降低于正常大鼠 ,A值分别为 0 .0 5 1和 0 .1 2 6 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,MDA质量分数高于正常大鼠 ,A值分别为 0 .0 2 3和0 .0 1 6 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液NO质量分数两组间无统计学差别 ,A值分别为 0 .2 2 5和 0 .2 6 8(P >0 .0 5 )。 [结论 ]一氧化氮、氧化应激在熏烟和细菌脂多糖所致慢性支气管炎发生发展过程中有一定的致病作用     

常压高浓度氧环境对早产大鼠脑损伤的影响

目的 观察常压高浓度氧(NH)对早产大鼠脑组织病理学改变及脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响,探讨NH对未成熟大鼠脑损伤的影响及其作用机制.方法 取21 d早产新生Wistar大鼠192只,于生后12 h随机分为对照组(空气吸入)、NH 1组(吸入体积分数0.30氧气)、NH 2组(吸入体积分数0.60氧气)和NH 3组,(吸入体积分数0.95氧气),每组48只.NH 1组、NH 2组和NH 3组于NH环境养育72 h,各组分别于吸氧结束后第0、3、5和10天灌注取脑组织,在光镜下观察其病理改变,并分别测定脑组织匀浆中MDA含量和SOD活性的变化.结果 与对照组、NH 1组比较,NH 2组、NH 3组光镜下脑组织均可见神经元变性和脑组织水肿,NH 3组可见明显胶质细胞反应,且NH 3组脑损伤程度较NH 2组加重.对照组和NH1组各时间点的MDA含量和SOD活性比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).NH 2组、NH 3组吸入NH后脑组织MDA含量升高,SOD活性下降,吸氧结束后第0、3、5天的MDA含量、SOD活性与对照组和NH 1组比较差异均有显著性(F=93.91～786.97,q=4.82～53.50,P＜0.01).第10天 NH 3组与对照组和NH 1组、NH 2组比较MDA含量、SOD活性差异均有显著性(F= 4.03～5.26,q=0.80～5.05,P＜0.05、0.01).结论 持续吸入NH可能引起早产大鼠脑损伤,适当控制吸氧浓度和时间有助于减少脑损伤的发生,减轻脑损伤的程度.     

左旋精氨酸对被动吸烟孕鼠作用的实验研究

目的　研究左旋精氨酸对被动吸烟孕鼠及胎仔生长发育的影响及其与NO ,MDA和SOD的关系。方法　被动吸烟法建立大鼠IUGR模型 ,孕鼠随机分为 5组 :对照组、模型组、左旋精氨酸低剂量、中剂量、高剂量治疗组。孕 2 1d剖宫取胎 ,观察胎仔体重、脑重、肝重及胎盘重 ;检测孕鼠血清及胎盘组织中NO含量及MDA ,SOD活性。结果　低剂量及中剂量治疗组与模型组相比 ,胎仔体重、脑重、肝重及胎盘重均明显增加 (P <0 0 1) ,NO及SOD升高 ,MDA降低 (P <0 0 1) ,但高剂量治疗组与模型组比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　适量左旋精氨酸可有效防治被动吸烟孕鼠IUGR ,促进胎仔生长发育 ,其作用与调节机体的氧化与抗氧化失衡有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.