特发性门脉高压症凝血指标分析

研究特发性门脉高压症（IPH）和肝硬化患者的凝血酶原时间（PT）和凝血酶原标准化比率（INR）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）和纤维蛋白原（Fib）。分析其异常的原因及在IPH发病中的作用。收集IPH患者40例、肝硬化患者41例和正常对照组18例。结果IPH患者和肝硬化患者与正常组相比均存在明显的凝血异常,有轻度DIC发生。IPH凝血异常可能是感染引起的内毒素血症激活了凝血机制所致,凝血异常可引起肝内门脉微血栓形成,与其它原因所致的肝内门脉损伤,共同导致了IPH的发生。     

抗血小板药物使用与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块内出血的多对比度磁共振成像研究

目的本研究旨在利用多对比度MRI技术探讨抗血小板药物使用与颈动脉斑块内出血(IPH)之间的相关性。方法回顾性分析经超声检测至少有一侧颈动脉存在粥样硬化斑块的症状性患者108例,其中存在颈动脉IPH患者(IPH患者)41例,无颈动脉IPH患者(无IPH患者)67例。对所有患者进行双侧颈动脉多对比度MR血管壁成像,分析颈动脉IPH与患者临床特征。结果与无IPH患者比较,IPH患者使用抗血小板药物及吸烟比例显著增高(70.7%vs 46.3%,68.3%vs 47.8%,P0.05),使用他汀类药物比例显著降低(29.3%vs 52.2%,P0.05);IPH患者的颈动脉最大管壁厚度、管壁面积、狭窄程度显著高于无IPH患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。logistic回归分析显示,在校正混杂因素之前,使用抗血小板药物与IPH显著相关(OR=2.80,95%CI:1.23～6.41;P=0.014)。进一步校正患者颈动脉最大管壁厚度和颈动脉狭窄后,使用抗血小板药物与IPH之间仍有相关性(OR=3.33,95%CI:1.06～10.45;P=0.039)。结论颈动脉粥样硬化患者抗血小板药物的使用可能与IPH的发生有关,可为颈动脉粥样硬化患者合理、规范使用抗血小板药物提供一定理论参考。     

血清CD147对颈动脉斑块内出血的相关性分析

正中华医学杂志,2018,98(42):3437-3441.颈动脉斑块内出血(intraplaque hemorrhage,IPH)是导致缺血性脑卒中的重要病因之一。本文旨在尝试探索血清CD147水平对于颈动脉IPH诊断价值,寻求IPH的血清学标志物。方法:纳入自2014年4-9月复旦大学附属华山医院血管外科收治的共68     

特发性门静脉高压症1例报告并文献复习

特发性门静脉高压症（Idiopathic portal hypertension,IPH）是一种病因未明,以窦前性门脉压增高为主要特征,主要临床表现为门脉高压,显著脾脏肿大伴脾功能亢进,而肝功能基本正常的综合征。IPH临床少见,现将本科近期肝脏活检确诊的1例IPH,结合文献复习报道如下。     

经支气管镜术诊断儿童特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着症1例

正特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着症(idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis,IPH),是一种少见的,病因尚未明确的肺部疾病,主要是由于弥散性肺泡毛细血管出血、肺间质含铁血黄素沉着产生,好发于儿童[1]。IPH特征性表现为小细胞低色素性贫血、咯血和弥散性肺浸润三联征[2]。而儿童IPH临床表现缺乏特异性,如咳痰,咯血症状在早期均难以发现,容易误诊,因此临床上儿童IPH确诊有赖于存在贫血,     

颈动脉斑块内出血与临床症状相关性的系统评价

目的研究颈动脉斑块内出血(intra-plaque hemorrhage,IPH)与同侧脑缺血症状的相关性。方法从PubMed数据库中检索1979年1月—2006年9月同侧脑缺血与IPH相关性研究的英文文献,通过比较这些文献研究中有症状与无症状人群IPH的发生率,阐明IPH在脑缺血发生机制中的作用。采用Meta分析方法,对各个研究的数据进行整合和分析,并对效应值(优势比,OR)和研究间异质性进行评价。结果共31项研究被纳入此项Meta分析。各项研究间OR值变异很大。总体上,有症状组IPH发生率(46.6%)显著高于无症状组(36.0%),随机效应模型下OR值为2.25(95%CI:1.57~3.22,P<0.000 01)。但同质性分析提示,各项研究间存在高度异质性(P<0.000 01)。亚组分析发现,采用显微镜检方法定义IPH的研究、阳性结果、小样本研究、早期发表的研究(1995年之前),及有症状组和无症状组间颈动脉狭窄程度不等的研究,均存在高度异质性。大样本、近期发表(1995年以后)、采用大体形态学观察方法定义IPH、两组颈动脉狭窄程度相等的研究,未发现同侧脑缺血发生与IPH有相关性。此外,研究中定义和评价IPH的方法变异很大。IPH时程、大小、数目和位置等研究报道较少,且变异亦很大。有些研究未控制混淆因子和选择偏倚。结论尽管统计学结果提示,IPH参与脑缺血的发生机制,但由于研究中存在高度异质性和潜在发表偏倚,统计学结果可信度受到质疑,不能完全准确地评价IPH在脑缺血症状发生中的作用。为了准确评价IPH在脑缺血发生中的机制,尚需要进行大样本、前瞻性、设计严密、统一IPH定义和评价方法的研究。     

特发性门脉高压的诊断和临床处理

特发性门脉高压(idiopathic portal hypertension,IPH)是门脉高压的罕见情况,以门脉高压的相关表现为主,肝功能正常,不伴肝静脉或门静脉梗阻。感染和血栓形成倾向分别是东方和西方IPH患者的首要致病因素。肝静脉压力梯度(hepatic vein pressure gradient,HVPG)、脾脏/肝脏硬度比值及肝活组织检查对鉴别特发性门脉高压与肝硬化门脉高压价值较大。IPH总体预后良好,门脉血栓形成可能提示预后不良。临床处理以防治静脉曲张出血为主,其原则大致与防治肝硬化门脉高压的静脉曲张出血相同。部分IPH患者需考虑手术分流及抗凝治疗。     

特发性门静脉高压症预后及其影响因素

正特发性门静脉高压(idiopathic portal hyperten-sion,IPH)是一种临床罕见的疾病,其特点为长期肝内窦前性门静脉压力增高,不伴肝硬化或者其他肝脏疾病。肝组织病理学表现为广泛的非特异性改变。IPH的病因不明,可能包括免疫因素、反复感染、毒物或药物、高凝状态和遗传因素等。通常,IPH患者伴有门静脉高压症(portal     

特发性门脉高压肝移植术后随访第3年再发1例报告及文献复习

目的 复习1例特发性门脉高压(IPH)患者接受肝移植(LT)后第3年出现病情“再发”,并进行了相关文献复习,以提高对该病的认识。方法 报道1例我们诊治的IPH患者的病例资料,并检索MEDLINE、EMBASE、万方等数据库经LT治疗的IPH患者的研究报道,分析其治疗和转归。结果 本文报道的病例为57岁女性,因消化道出血、腹水行LT术,组织病理学检查诊断为IPH;术后随访第3年病情复发,行经皮肝穿刺活检术,病理学检查提示结节性再生性增生(NRH)、轻度汇管区炎症及纤维化,提示IPH再发;文献检索到81例LT治疗的IPH患者,其中42例在LT前诊断为肝硬化;LT后最长随访时间为248个月,8例死亡,其中5例分别在首次LT后3.5月～14年进行肝活检,组织病理学检查提示NRH,3例分别于LT后第7月、第3年和第14年出现具有门脉高压表现的NRH。结论 具有严重的门脉高压或肝功能衰竭的IPH患者需要LT治疗。少数患者在LT后可能出现IPH“再发”。     

特发性门脉高压误诊为肝硬化1例报道

特发性门脉高压(idiopathic portal hypertension,IPH)是一种以门脉高压相关表现为主,肝功能正常,不伴肝静脉或门静脉梗阻的罕见疾病。本文报道1例将IPH误诊为肝硬化的病例,旨在引起临床医师的注意。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.