高龄老年重症急性心力衰竭的救治

目的 总结高龄老年重症急性心力衰竭的治疗经验.方法 19例平均年龄85.46±5.14岁的高龄老年重症急性左心衰患者,应用利尿剂,血管扩张剂、吗啡、气管插管人工机械辅助呼吸、主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)及双心室起搏等治疗措施.结果 2例高血压、2例慢性肾衰尿毒症、1例肺部感染、2例陈旧性心肌梗死、2例急性心肌梗死、1例扩张性心肌病患者,经上述药物治疗后重症急性左心衰完全缓解;8例患者因1型呼衰而行气管插管,人工机械辅助呼吸;1例急性心肌梗死因低血压难以纠正行IABP.1例扩张性心肌病因反复心力衰竭行双心室起搏治疗.1例手术后重症急性心力衰竭治疗无效死亡.该19例中,18例存活,1例死亡.结论 本组以利尿剂,血管扩张剂、吗啡为主治疗高龄老年重症急性心力衰竭的疗效较好.     

22例老年重症心力衰竭合并急性呼吸衰竭患者机械通气的临床观察

目的评价老年重症心力衰竭合并急性呼吸衰竭的救治.方法 22例重症心力衰竭患者由于肺部感染而先出现低氧血症(PaO2 46.42±5.55mmHg),继之急性CO2潴留(PaCO2 88.05±18.75mmHg),发生急性Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭. 22例均行气管插管、机械通气支持.结果 4例经上述治疗后好转,拔除气管插管,恢复正常呼吸.18例无法脱离机械通气,于3～28d内死于多脏器衰竭.结论机械通气支持是目前抢救重症心力衰竭合并急性呼吸衰竭患者常用的方法.但对心功能IV级、心力衰竭晚期、全身衰竭者是否进行此治疗有待进一步探讨.     

22例老年重症心力衰竭合并急性呼吸衰竭患者机械通气的临床观察

目的 评价老年重症心力衰竭合并急性呼吸衰竭的救治。方法 22例重症心力衰竭患者由于肺部感染而先出现低氧血症(PaO_2 46.42±5.55mmHg),继之急性CO_2潴留(PaCO_2 88.05±18.75mmHg),发生急性Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭。22例均行气管插管、机械通气支持。结果 4例经上述治疗后好转,拔除气管插管,恢复正常呼吸。18例无法脱离机械通气,于3～28d内死于多脏器衰竭。结论 机械通气支持是目前抢救重症心力衰竭合并急性呼吸衰竭患者常用的方法。但对心功能Ⅳ级、心力衰竭晚期、全身衰竭者是否进行此治疗有待进一步探讨。     

右房双室三心腔起搏治疗心力衰竭1例报告

1　临床资料患者男性 ,35岁 ,因扩张型心肌病、充血性心力衰竭、心功能IV级 (NYHA分级 )入院。超声心动图检查示左室舒张末内径 79mm、射血分数 (EF) 2 6 % ,心电图为I°AVB +LBBB。入院后经用洋地黄、利尿剂和血管扩张剂等综合治疗后 ,效果欠佳。后予以行右心房和左、右心室三心腔起搏。术后呼吸困难等症状明显改善 ,心功能恢复至II级 ,能处理日常工作及生活。复查超声心动图示左室舒张末内径 6 3mm ,EF值升高到5 4%。2　方法将Medtronic 2 188冠状窦电极经左锁骨下静脉送至冠状静脉窦远端 ,起搏示右束支传导阻滞图形 ,阈值0 .4V…     

机械通气和吗啡联合治疗老年重症急性左心衰的临床分析

目的探讨机械通气和吗啡联合治疗老年重症急性左心衰竭的疗效及临床价值。方法选择2007年1月-2008年3月在我院住院治疗的老年重症急性左心衰患者60例，其中30例在常规药物治疗的基础上，予以机械通气及吗啡联合治疗（治疗组），另22例仅给予常规药物治疗（对照组），比较两组的疗效及死亡率，比较机械通气前后心率、呼吸及血气变化。结果治疗组有效率明显高于对照组，病死率明显低于对照组（p〈0．05），好转时间明显少于对照组（p〈0．05），机械通气前后血气改善明显（p〈0．05）。结论机械通气联合吗啡是重症急性左心衰积极、有效的治疗措施。     

多部位心脏起搏方式和疗效比较

随着起搏技术的快速发展 ,起搏治疗的适应证也有了新的涵义 ,而并非仅限于心动过缓。多部位心脏起搏因恢复了心房或心室的电机械再同步 ,可用于治疗房性快速心律失常、扩张性心肌病、肥厚性梗阻性心肌病、充血性心力衰竭等难治性心脏疾病。1　理论基础多部位心脏起搏是指双侧 (左和右 )心房和 /或心室两个部位 ,即双房 (ｂｉａｔｒｉａｌ)或双室 (ｂｉｖｅｎｔｒｉｃｕｌａｒ)起搏 ;亦可是同一心腔的两个不同解剖部位 (ｂｉｆｏｃａｌ) ,如右心耳和右心房基底部。心房间 (或房内 )传导阻滞是由于在Ｂａｃｈｍａｎｎ束内右房到左房传导延迟或…     

美托洛尔对扩张性心肌病心力衰竭患者的影响

目的 观察美托洛尔治疗扩张性心肌病心力衰竭患者的疗效.方法 将68例扩张性心肌病出现心力衰竭患者随机分为治疗组和对照组.对照组应用血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂、利尿剂和洋地黄类制剂.治疗组在此基础上加用美托洛尔.定期随访,观察1年后临床心功能、超声心动图等.结果 治疗后,治疗组左室舒张末期内径、左室收缩末期内径和左室射血分数较对照组均有明显改善,病情恶化减少.结论 扩张性心肌病心力衰竭患者长期服用美托洛尔可改善心功能.     

环磷腺苷对心衰患者的血液动力学效应

选取心力衰竭患者１２例。男８例，女４例，平均年龄（３８．２±１１．４）岁。２例急性心衰，１０例为慢性充血性心力衰竭。冠心病４例，风湿性心脏病３例，扩张性心肌病５例，心功能（ＮＹＨＡ）Ⅱ级８例，Ⅳ级４例。所有患者在配合洋地黄利尿剂和扩血管的药物的基础上...     

米力农治疗难治性心力衰竭20例临床观察

我科自1994年2月至1996年10月应用米力农治疗难治性心力衰竭,收到满意疗效,现报告如下。1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料经常规限钠、利尿、洋地黄及血管扩张剂治疗心衰未能控制的难治性心衰患者20例,男16例,女4例,年龄46～72岁,平均61岁,均为住院病人。其中冠心病12例,扩张性心肌病4例,高血压心脏病2例,风心病1例,肺心病合并冠心病1例。按NYHA分级标准,心功能Ⅲ级9例,心功能Ⅳ级11例。     

如何应对扩张型心肌病(二)

<正>扩张型心肌病如何治疗心衰是扩张型心肌病的最主要表现,因此心衰的指南适合扩张型心肌病的治疗。急性失代偿期的扩张型心肌病按照急性心衰处理:给予低盐饮食,限制体力活动,缺氧者给予吸氧,给予利尿剂静脉注射和血管扩张剂(如硝普钠、硝酸甘油、乌拉地尔等)以减轻心脏负荷。有诱因应积极去除诱因(感染诱发的应积极控制感染,心律失常诱发的应及时纠正心律失常)。稳定期的扩张型心肌病按照慢性心衰指南处理。1.心衰的药物治疗在医生指     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.