溶菌酶对皮肤癣菌抑菌作用的观察

目的：观察溶菌酶对皮肤癣菌的抑菌作用,探讨溶菌酶对丝状真菌的抗菌活性。方法：将絮状表皮癣菌、石膏样小孢子癣菌的沙保琼脂培养物分别加入4ml不同浓度的溶菌酶生理盐水中,以生理盐水为对照、研磨,混匀,作用30min,摇匀,分别吸50μl酶处理液接种相同含量溶菌酶沙保琼脂,对照组接种不含酶沙保琼脂,置25℃培养,观察处理生长现象,以无菌落形成为生长被抑制。结果：对照组与经8mg／ml溶菌酶处理的两种实验菌接种物有菌生长繁殖形成丝状菌落;经10mg／ml、20mg／ml、40mg／ml溶菌酶处理的接种物均无菌生长繁殖形成菌落。结论：溶菌酶对絮状表皮癣菌、石膏样小孢子癣菌有抑菌作用。     

α—蒎烯抗真菌机制的研究

应用电镜及同位素掺入试验，研究α－蒎烯的抗真菌作用及其机制，结果表明：α蒎烯对白念珠菌有明显的抑菌和杀菌作用，电镜下，α－蒎烯作用后的白念珠菌，其形态和微超结构发生明显的变化，菌细胞壁及细胞膜破裂，菌体内容物漏出，菌细胞裂解后成块状物；ＤＮＡ，ＲＮＡ及胞壁中多糖和胞膜的麦角固醇合成受到明显的抑制，提示α－蒎烯抗真菌的作用机制是通过抑制真菌的ＤＮＡ，ＲＮＡ，多糖及麦角固醇的生物合成所致。     

细菌鞭毛染色培养条件的研究

目的比较细菌在不同培养基和不同菌龄条件下鞭毛的染色效果,探索细菌鞭毛染色形态鉴定理想的培育基和培育时间。方法①将普通变形杆菌分别接种在肉汤培养基、琼脂培养基、血琼脂培养基3种不同培养基内,37℃培养18 h后,染色镜检,选择取出染色效果最好的理想培养基;②将普通变形杆菌接种到理想培养基上分别培育8、12、18、24 h不同时间后,染色镜检,选择出细菌鞭毛染色效果最好的培育时间。结果①血琼脂中培养的细菌鞭毛结构清晰、形态完整、背景干净,镜检效果最好;②12~18 h菌龄的细菌菌体中等大小,鞭毛清晰完整,镜检效果好。结论血琼脂是鞭毛染色教学和形态鉴定理想的培养基;12~18 h是细菌在血琼脂培养基中的最佳生长时间。     

诺卡菌sp.48原生质体的分离及再生

对诺卡菌sp.48原生质体形成和再生的各个方面作了较为详细的研究。由于诺卡菌在细胞壁组成上的特殊性,其原生质体研究的条件不同于其他放线菌。本实验用短小芽胞杆菌产生的胞外碱性蛋白酶B.P或消色肽酶与溶菌酶复合使用可分得10~8～10~9个/ml的原生质体,大大超过单用溶菌酶的效果。实验中摸索了甘氨酸的最佳浓度、制备原生质体的最佳菌龄及酶解作用的最适条件。结果提示,诺卡菌原生质体只能在自行设计的Rc再生培养基中再生,加牛血清白蛋白等有利于再生率的提高。原生质体贮存于-20℃比4℃更稳定。再生培养基中高浓度蔗糖影响菌落形态。还用相差显微镜和电镜分别观察了原生质体的形成过程及形态。     

5种中草药体外抑菌实验的研究

目的探讨黄莲、黄岑等5种中草药对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、链球菌、伤寒沙门菌的抗菌作用。方法用大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等5种受试菌,进行常规中药药敏实验打孔法和几何级稀释法测定5种中草药水煎剂的抑菌圈的大小和最低抑菌浓度（MICgPL）。结果5种中草药对5种受试菌均有不同程度的抑菌作用。其中黄莲对5种受试菌抑菌效果最好,对金黄色葡萄球菌呈高度敏感;黄连、黄岑、秦皮均对受试菌具有抑菌作用（抑菌圈直径在12～40mmMIC范围分别为0.97～7.81gPL）;对5种受试菌抑菌效果最差的是黄柏,对大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、链球菌均无抑菌作用。结论本研究提示具有清热燥湿、解毒消痈、抗炎镇痛功效的中草药,体外实验对受试菌具有不同程度的抑菌作用。由于中草药在体内作用机制比体外还要复杂,在体内能否达到与体外相同效果尚待进一步研究。     

大黄酸金属配合物的抑菌活性研究

目的：合成大黄酸的三种金属配合物并对其结构进行表征,对比研究配体和配合物对三种细菌的体外抑菌活性大小。方法：在无水乙醇中合成了大黄酸的三种金属配合物,采用紫外光谱法,红外光谱法,核磁共振氢谱法对产物结构进行表征,确定了配合物的组成及结构。采用二倍稀释法测定了配合物的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）,采用滤纸片法测定了配体及配合物对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、大肠杆菌的抑菌活性大小。结果：合成的配合物经结构表征后,初步确定了其可能结构式为2分子大黄酸和1分子金属离子配位,抑菌活性测试结果表明,配合物的抑菌活性强于配体,其中大黄酸锰对于金黄色葡萄球菌以及大肠杆菌抑制作用都最强,抑菌圈大小分别达到了23.3、20.5 mm;而大黄酸钴对肺炎链球菌抑菌活性最强,抑菌圈达22.5 mm。二倍稀释法得出了配合物和配体的MIC值（最小抑菌浓度）,根据该值大小可知,配合物抑菌活性总体上强于配体,但也有少部分与配体相当。结论：大黄酸和金属离子形成配合物后,抑菌活性增强。     

生物酶解技术对中药知母抗真菌作用的影响

目的:评价知母乙醇提取物及其酶水解物对常见真菌的体外抑菌活性。方法:采用回流提取法制备知母乙醇提取物,选用β-葡萄糖苷酶进行酶水解。采用抑菌圈法评价知母乙醇提取物及其酶水解物对白念珠菌的抑菌作用,采用微量液基稀释法检测其对5种常见真菌(白念珠菌、新型隐球菌、须癣毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌、红色毛癣菌)的最小抑菌浓度(MIC_(80))。高效液相色谱法检测知母皂苷BⅡ(TBⅡ)和知母皂苷AⅢ(TAⅢ)的含量。结果:①知母乙醇提取物在320 mg/ml时对白念珠菌SC5314有一定的抑制作用,抑菌圈直径为6 mm;其酶水解物在27 mg/ml和13.5 mg/ml时对白念珠菌SC5314具有抑制作用,抑菌圈直径分别为16 mm和12 mm,抗真菌效果显著提高。②知母乙醇提取物对白念珠菌、新型隐球菌、须癣毛癣菌的MIC_(80)分别为32 mg/L、16 mg/L、32 mg/L,对石膏样小孢子菌、红色毛癣菌无明显抑制作用。其酶水解物对5种真菌的MIC_(80)均低至4 mg/L,对石膏样小孢子菌的抑制活性甚至优于氟康唑;与知母乙醇提取物相比,酶水解物的抗真菌活性均显著增强(P0.01)。TBⅡ对5种真菌的抑制作用均较弱,而TAⅢ对红色毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌、须癣毛癣菌的抑制作用较强,MIC_(80)达4 mg/L。③知母乙醇提取物中TBⅡ含量为(31.3±1.4)%,TAⅢ含量为(3.2±0.3)%;酶水解物中TAⅢ含量为(52.5±0.3)%,未检测到TBⅡ,TAⅢ的转化率为(82.6±1.7)%。结论:β-葡萄糖苷酶作用可促进知母乙醇提取物中TBⅡ转化为TAⅢ,显著提高其抗真菌活性,TAⅢ可能是知母抗真菌作用的主要有效成分之一。     

洋葱不同提取物抗真菌活性研究

[目的]观察采用不同提取工艺所得洋葱脂溶性部位对16株皮肤癣菌的体外抗真菌活性,为优化洋葱抗真菌活性产物的提取工艺提供依据。[方法]采用4种方法提取洋葱脂溶性部位,并用培养基药物浓度稀释法对产物进行抗真菌实验。[结果]乙醚提取的鲜洋葱脂溶性部位体外抗真菌活性较强,对上海絮状表皮癣菌等10株真菌的最低抑菌浓度(?)MIC≤6.25 mL·L-1,对其余菌株(?)MIC范围在12.5-50.ML·L-1,最低杀菌浓度((?)MFC)结果同抑菌实验,经过加热除水处理的乙醚提取样品几乎没有抗真菌活性。[结论]乙醚提取未经过加热处理的工艺较佳,所得到的鲜洋葱脂溶性部位具有较强的抑真菌活性。     

酵素菌中芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定

目的　对分离自酵素菌的 18株芽孢杆菌 (Bacillus)进行分类鉴定。方法　观察实验菌株的形态大小、染色特征、动力、芽孢的形态位置 ,菌细胞苏丹黑颗粒染色。触酶反应 ,气体要求。糖醇类发酵产酸、产气试验 ,有机酸盐利用试验 ,酪蛋白、酪氨酸、七叶苷、尿素、明胶、淀粉、土温 -80水解试验。吲哚试验 ,V P反应 ,硝酸盐还原试验 ,二羟丙酮形成试验 ,生长因子试验、厌氧生长试验 ,石蕊胨化试验。马尿酸盐结晶试验 ,卵磷脂酶试验 ,溶菌酶抗性试验 ,进行表型性状的观察研究。结果　 9株芽孢菌被鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌 (Bacilluslicheniformis) ;6株芽孢菌被鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussutilis) ;1株芽孢菌鉴定为腊状芽孢杆菌 ;1株芽孢菌鉴定为环状芽孢杆菌 ;1株芽孢菌被鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌。结论　地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、环状芽孢杆菌和巨大芽孢杆菌是酵素菌的主要活性菌种。     

鬼灯檠的抗菌有效部位研究

目的：对中药鬼灯檠乙醇提取物及其五个萃取部位进行抗菌研究。方法：中药鬼灯檠经乙醇提取,系统溶剂萃取分离得到五个部位。以注射用头孢曲松钠为对照,采用管碟法测定乙醇提取物及萃取部位对受试菌的抗菌活性,并测定其相应最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果：鬼灯檠乙醇提取物和乙酸乙酯部位对受试菌均有较强的抗菌活性,其抑菌圈直径均〉15mm,尤其乙醇提取物、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇部位对临床绿脓杆菌具有较强的抑菌活性,其MIC均达0．625mg／ml。结论：鬼灯檠乙醇提取物及其萃取部位对受试菌种抑制作用不同,少数抑菌活性与对照药相当甚至更强。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.