急性期Standford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术后早、中期随访结果

目的 评价急性期StanfordB型胸主动脉夹层(TAD)腔内修复术后早、中期手术效果.方法 2009年11月至2012年6月完成80例急性期Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层腔内修复术,手术在发病72 h内完成.手术前行胸腹主动脉夹层强化CT检查,在DSA手术室全麻下切开股动脉进行支架置入术,出院前进行CTA检查,手术后半年至一年内复查CTA.结果 14例患者手术后失去随访.5例术后造影提示有Ⅰ型内漏,4例1年内复查消失或造影剂溢出量明显减少,1例手术后仍有明显Ⅰ型内漏,1年后接受再次支架手术成功.其余支架安装后造影显示破口封闭,无内漏.住院期间死亡2例,1例为高龄患者降主动脉破裂,1例为夹层逆行撕裂至升主动脉后破裂.住院期间发生严重低氧血症8例,急性肾功能不全6例,均经治疗后恢复.结论 急性期Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层进行腔内修复术,术后早期并发症发生率高,中期效果理想.     

“烟囱”技术在胸主动脉夹层腔内修复术中的应用分析

目的 探讨“烟囱”支架技术在近端锚定区长度不足的胸主动脉夹层的主动脉腔内修复术治疗中的应用.方法 回顾性观察2012年8月至2013年9月广东省人民医院17例近端锚定区长度不足的胸主动脉夹层患者使用“烟囱”技术进行主动脉腔内修复术治疗的临床资料.结果 男16例,女1例,Stanford B型主动脉夹层16例,Stanford B型主动脉夹层合并腹主动脉瘤1例.手术成功率为100％,支架释放后即时血管造影显示破口封堵完全,“烟囱”支架血流正常.随访3-16个月,中位时间12个月,无术后死亡患者.随访期间,患者出现左足乏力1例、头晕1例、胸闷痛2例、Ⅰ型内漏2例.无严重神经系统及脏器缺血并发症发生.术后主动脉计算机断层扫描血管造影（CTA）未见移位、明显内漏及“烟囱支架”闭塞等异常.结论 对于近端锚定区长度不足的胸主动脉夹层的患者,使用“烟囱支架技术”进行主动脉腔内修复是安全、有效的治疗方法.     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术后覆膜支架远端再发夹层临床诊治分析

目的探讨Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术后覆膜支架远端再发夹层的机制与诊治。方法回顾性分析自2002年4月至2014年12月沈阳军区总医院心血管内科收治的Stanford B型主动脉夹层中行主动脉腔内修复术患者随访期间发生覆膜支架远端再发夹层的临床特点,同时分析患者发生再次主动脉夹层的影响因素以及诊疗方案。结果 10例主动脉覆膜支架远端再发夹层,7例应用直筒(近端与远端直径无落差)覆膜支架,3例应用近端与远端直径落差均为2 mm的覆膜支架,支架长度均在150 mm以内。9例再次行腔内修复术,1例患者拒绝再次行主动脉腔内修复术,行药物保守治疗。其中1例患者2次出现支架远端再发夹层,2次均行主动脉腔内修复术。所有手术患者均手术成功,无并发症,随访期间2例患者出现脑卒中,分别发生于再次腔内修复术后1个月、6个月,无截瘫和死亡事件。结论注重支架长度及直径落差选择对预防动脉夹层腔内修复术后覆膜支架远端再发夹层有临床意义。再次介入治疗可有效治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术后覆膜支架远端再发夹层,再次治疗并发症少,安全性高。     

主动脉夹层合并下肢灌注不良临床治疗分析

目的：探讨主动脉夹层合并下肢灌注不良的治疗经验。方法：南京军区南京总医院2010年1月～2015年5月收治伴有下肢灌注不良的主动脉夹层患者13例,回顾分析其治疗方法及近中期随访结果。结果：所有患者均接受手术,7例B型夹层患者行胸主动脉腔内修复术(thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR),其中4例植入裸支架。6例支架释放后造影见原发破口隔绝,真腔扩张,受累髂动脉显影良好。1例术后右下肢缺血坏死行截肢术,后因多器官功能衰竭死亡。6例A型夹层患者,2例术前评估下肢缺血症状明显,急诊行内膜开窗恢复髂动脉血流,二期行杂交手术。其余4例一期行升主动脉、主动脉弓置换 降主动脉覆膜支架植入术,术后造影见下肢动脉恢复真腔供血。术后患者存活12例,下肢缺血症状明显缓解。所有患者均获随访,患者无胸背部剧痛及下肢缺血表现,髂动脉显影良好。结论：主动脉夹层合并下肢灌注不良应尽早干预,主动脉腔内修复术可消除原发破口,恢复真腔血流,改善大部分患者的缺血症状。     

带膜血管内支架置入治疗B型主动脉夹层

目的:探讨带膜血管内支架置入治疗B型主动脉夹层的效果。方法:B型主动脉夹层5例,切开股动脉置入带膜血管内支架封堵原发破口后重复造影检查。结果:均成功置入支架,置入的人造血管支架使降主动脉和腹主动脉真腔扩大,明显改善降主动脉及分支血管血流。术后4例患者肾功能恢复正常,1例内漏患者术后随诊,7个月后消失,夹层近端假腔内均有血栓形成。结论:带膜血管内支架置入是B型主动脉夹层有效的治疗途径,远期效果还有待进一步观察。     

腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤107例分析

目的 探讨应用覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤的方法和效果.方法 对107例(男88例,女19例,年龄28～83岁)主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.术前采用CT血管成像(computerized tomography angiography,CTA)、经胸心脏超声(transthoracic echocardiography,TTE)、磁共振血管成像(magnetic resonance aniography,MRA)等技术对主动脉夹层动脉瘤进行评估.术中穿刺左肱动脉行主动脉造影了解破口的位置及撕裂的范围,在数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)监视下经股动脉将覆膜支架送入胸降主动脉封闭夹层破口.结果 107例成功进行了主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术.术后主动脉造影证实夹层裂口完全封闭或内漏明显减少,无中转开胸手术.术后随访1～48个月,术后1个月3例死亡.104例行CTA复查,术后3个月,所有患者内膜破裂口封闭,胸降主动脉真腔扩大,假腔内血栓形成,支架位置、形态正常.术后6个月,1例再发生升主动脉夹层,置入一枚支架后后假腔消失.术后1年,主动脉均未见病变.结论 覆膜支架腔内隔绝术是治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤的安全、有效的方法,近期疗效好.手术死亡率和并发症发生率低,手术成功率和生存率高.     

多普勒超声引导对股浅动脉闭塞合并肾功能不全患者行腔内介入治疗6例临床分析

目的:探讨彩色多普勒在股浅动脉闭塞合并肾功能不全患者行腔内介入治疗的价值。方法:2012年1月至2012年6月,对6例股浅动脉闭塞合并肾功能不全患者在超声引导下进行介入治疗,6例患者均为单侧,左下肢2例,右下肢4例,年龄62～78岁,其中4例患者术前Cr<150μmol/L,2例Cr>150 umol/L,均在彩色多普勒超声引导下进行球囊扩张支架置入术,术前超声定位病变部位及范围并体表标注。术中超声引导导丝导管顺利达到病变部位,精确测量血管直径及病变长度,选择适合的球囊支架,超声引导释放支架,术后评估支架形态及近远端血流情况评估手术效果。结果:所有患者股浅动脉闭塞顺利开通,且无肾功能进一步恶化,效果明显。术后随访3～6个月,无再狭窄及肾功能恶化。结论:股浅动脉闭塞合并肾功能不全患者在多普勒超声辅助下行腔内介入治疗安全有效、简便、经济,减少造影剂肾病发生率。     

DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层21例的临床诊治

目的 探讨主动脉腔内隔绝术（endovascular aortic repair,EVAR）治疗DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层的技术方法及疗效.方法 对近3年江西省人民医收治的21例DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.19例患者均行左锁骨下动脉穿刺,行升主动脉造影,了解主动脉真假腔、夹层裂口及其与重要血管分支的位置关系.切开右侧股动脉置入覆膜血管内支架,封堵原发破口,置入支架后重复造影检查以观察真假腔血流变化、主动脉分支供血的情况.结果 19例患者支架置入定位准确,术后即刻造影显示真腔血流恢复正常.手术成功率100％,无截瘫及瘤体破裂等严重并发症,无围术期死亡.所有患者术后3～6个月复查增强计算机断层扫描,假腔不再显影,支架通畅,无扭曲、移位.结论 EVAR治疗DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层是安全有效的,但远期效果有待进一步观察.     

一站式杂交手术治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层

目的:总结一站式杂交手术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层的手术方法及早期治疗效果。方法:对15例急性Standford A型主动脉夹层患者采用一站式杂交手术,即升主动脉及弓上分支血管人工血管置换联合主动脉腔内修复手术,观察其手术时间、术后麻醉清醒时间、出血量、呼吸机辅助时间等指标。结果:15例患者均顺利完成手术,1例患者术后死于肺部感染。全组病例中体外循环时间为82~136min,主动脉阻断时间为30~65min。术后在监护病房中,有12例患者在6h内清醒。11例患者在术后48h之间拔出气管插管。术后首个24h引流量在325~575ml。术后两周和3个月左右复查主动脉CTA提示,人工血管形态良好,分支血管血流通畅,支架血管无移位。夹层近端破口封闭良好,无造影剂渗漏,支架附近假腔完全血栓化。结论:一站式杂交手术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层,避免深低温停循环,缩短手术时间,减少手术创伤,降低了手术后并发症的发生率,在近期能表现出很好的治疗效果。但由于其覆膜支架材料的限制,其远期效果尚不明确,还需要进一步随访总结。     

三分支支架血管在急性A型主动脉夹层全主动脉弓重建术中的应用

目的探讨应用三分支支架血管进行急性A型主动脉夹层全主动脉弓重建的可行性。方法对3例急性A型主动脉夹层需全主动脉弓重建的患者实施术中直视下三分支支架血管置入。当鼻咽温度降至23℃时,停止下半身灌注,于无名动脉近端横断升主动脉,经此切口将三分支支架血管置入主动脉弓和降主动脉真腔内,并将其分支支架血管依次置入左锁骨下动脉、左颈总动脉和无名动脉。将主干支架血管近端与无名动脉近端的升主动脉切口重建后与替换近端升主动脉的人造血管端端吻合。结果3例患者术中顺利地置入三分支支架血管。术后无并发症,均痊愈出院。术后电子束CT检查结果示：主干支架血管及其分支支架血管通畅,三分支支架血管均无扭曲,三分支支架血管置入部位的主动脉夹层假腔闭合。结论应用三分支支架血管直视置入进行急性A型主动脉夹层患者的全主动脉弓重建是可行的。这种方法避免于常规全主动脉弓替换术中的主动脉弓三分支血管吻合和左锁骨下动脉远端较深部位的远端人造血管一降主动脉的吻合,从而简化了全主动脉弓的重建,并提高了手术的安全性。     

Endovascular Repair of a Large Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Using Monitored Anesthesia Care and Local Anesthesia

Over the last decade, there has been a paradigm shift in the treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) from open repair to endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Regardless of the method used during emergent rupture, open verses endovascular repair, the overall mortality remains high. Recent studies have compared patient outcomes using different types of anesthesia during elective EVAR procedures. The data show that during an elective EVAR, monitored anesthesia care (MAC) with local anesthesia is not only just as safe as general anesthesia, but it offers other potential benefits as well. There is limited data in regards to patient outcomes using MAC and local anesthesia during cases of large ruptured aneurysms that are treated with EVAR. This case report discusses the treatment of a patient who presented with a large 13 cm ruptured AAA which was successfully repaired using EVAR with MAC and local anesthesia.     

Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) in the geriatric population

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a relatively common pathology among the elderly. More people above the age of 80 will have to undergo treatment of an AAA in the future. This review aims to summarize the literature focusing on endovascular repair of AAA in the geriatric population. A systematic review of the literature was performed, including results from endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) registries and studies comparing open repair and EVAR in those above the age of 80. A total of 15 studies were identified. EVAR in this population is efficient with a success rate exceeding 90% in all cases, and safe, with early mortality and morbidity being superior among patients undergoing EVAR against open repair. Late survival can be as high as 95% after 5 years. Aneurysm-related death over long-term follow-up was low after EVAR, ranging from 0 to 3.4%. Endovascular repair can be offered safely in the geriatric population and seems to compare favourably with open repair in all studies in the literature to date.     

Paradigm shifts in abdominal aortic aneurysm management based on vascular registries

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a relatively common and potentially fatal disease. The management of AAA has undergone extensive changes in the last two decades. High quality vascular surgical registries were established early and have been found to be instrumental in the evaluation and monitoring of these changes, most notably the wide implementation of minimally invasive endovascular surgical technology. Trends over the years showed the increased use of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) over open repair, the decreasing perioperative adverse outcomes and the early survival advantage of EVAR. Also, data from the early EVAR years changed the views on endoleak management and showed the importance of tracking the implementation of new techniques. Registry data complemented the randomized trials performed in aortic surgery by showing the high rate of laparotomy‐related reinterventions after open repair. Also, they are an essential tool for the understanding of outcomes in a broad patient population, evaluating the generalizability of findings from randomized trials and analysing changes over time. By using large‐scale data over longer periods of time, the importance of centralization of care to high‐volume centres was shown, particularly for open repair. Additionally, large‐scale databases can offer an opportunity to assess practice and outcomes in patient subgroups (e.g. treatment of AAA in women and the elderly) as well as in rare aortic pathologies. In this review article, we point out the most important paradigm shifts in AAA management based on vascular registry data.     

High aneurysm wall enhancement values are associated with late sac shrinkage after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms

To analyze the correlation between aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) values and early and late sac shrinkage after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).We retrospectively analyzed 28 patients who underwent EVAR for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) using a bifurcated main body stent graft. The value of AWE in the slice of the maximum AAA diameter was measured using a volumetric analysis of computed tomography images. Sac measurements before EVAR and more than 10 months after EVAR were compared, and the maximum sac shrinkage rate was calculated.The AWE value immediately after (4 to 7 days) EVAR correlated positively with the sac shrinkage rate (R² = 0.0139). The AWE value at 6 months after EVAR was also strongly correlated with the sac shrinkage rate (R² = 0.4982).Higher AWE values at 6 months after EVAR were strongly associated with the sac volume shrinkage rate. High AWE values may be a predictive factor for sac shrinkage and may aid in the selection of the appropriate clinical strategy after EVAR.     

Endovascular maneuvers for contralateral stent graft limb misplacement in endovascular aortic repair

Cannulation and placement of the contralateral stent graft limb during endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) procedure are crucial steps as mispositioning may lead to conversion to open aortic repair. Endovascular bail-out strategies for stent graft relocation in EVAR are underreported though detailed knowledge may facilitate application and prevent conversion. We present three endovascular bail-out strategies for repositioning of a mispositioned contralateral stent graft limb. (1) Retraction of the mispositioned component with an inflated reliant balloon and placement of an interposition stent graft after successful cannulation; (2) Push-maneuver of the mispositioned stent graft into the infrarenal aortic aneurysm with an inflated reliant balloon supported by a large lumen introducer sheath and (3) Parallel placement of a second contralateral stent graft limb displacing the mispositioned one against the atrial wall in cases with adequate vessel diameter. Prevention of stent graft mispositioning by applying recognized tests to ensure correct placement are essential, following the slogan: check twice, deploy once.     

Feeding arteries of the spinal cord at CT angiography before and after thoracic aortic endografting.

PURPOSE: To study the visualization of spinal cord feeding arteries in patients with complex thoracic aortic pathology undergoing endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) using an optimized protocol for multislice computed tomographic angiography (MSCTA). METHODS: Eighteen consecutive patients (13 men; mean age 63 years, range 45-79) with aortic type B dissections (n=5), chronic expanding aortic dissections (n=5), thoracic aortic aneurysms (n=6), or penetrating aortic ulcers (n=2) underwent 16-slice CTA before and after (mean interval 9 days) EVAR. Pulse rate and neurological status were documented. Quantitative density measurements were taken at regions of interest (ROI) in the ascending thoracic aorta and at the level of the diaphragm. Two experienced radiologists qualitatively assessed the posterior intercostal arteries (PIA; fully visible, partially visible, non-visible), dorsal branches (DB; visible/non-visible), and artery of Adamkiewicz (AKA; visible/non-visible) on multiplanar reformations and maximum intensity projection reconstructions. RESULTS: MSCTA was performed successfully in 17/18 patients before and after EVAR (1 patient was excluded after EVAR owing to rising creatinine levels). Before EVAR, MSCTA revealed 197/203 PIAs within the stented area, of which 179 were fully and 18 partially visible. No significant (p=0.37) difference was noted for overall PIA detection within the stented area on post-EVAR MSCTA (185/203 PIA), although only 124 were fully and 61 partially visible. Similar results were obtained for DB visualization. The AKA were seen in 10/17 patients pre EVAR and 9/17 post EVAR. In 2 patients, the AKA was localized within the stented aortic segment. ROI analysis revealed contrast densities of 427+/-89 HU and 398+/-84 HU on pre- and post-EVAR MSCTA, respectively. No neurological events were observed. CONCLUSION: The majority of posterior intercostal arteries and dorsal branches remain open after EVAR due to retrograde perfusion. High-resolution MSCTA permits accurate pre- and post-EVAR visualization of spinal cord feeding arteries in patients with thoracic aortic pathology.     

Endovascular Treatment versus Open Repair for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: The Influence of Fitness in Decision Making

Two methods of repair are currently available for an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), open aneurysm repair and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). The decision making depends on the balance of risks and benefits. The treating physician must take into account the patient''s life expectancy, the patient''s fitness, the anatomic suitability that makes endovascular repair possible, and finally the patient''s preference. The patient''s fitness is an important variable predicting the outcome of AAA surgical reconstruction. The hypothesis is that the impact of risk factors upon perioperative mortality might differ between patients undergoing open repair and endovascular repair. The purpose of this review article is to investigate whether fitter patients with a large AAA benefit more from having endovascular rather than open repair. According to the available data, there is emerging evidence that patients at high medical risk for open repair may benefit from EVAR while in low risk patients with suitable anatomy for EVAR, both techniques have similar effects. There is rising evidence that a patient with ruptured AAA would benefit more from an endovascular procedure if eligible, and thus fitness in such emergencies is not the first priority but anatomical suitability for EVAR.     

“The chimney graft”—A simple technique for endovascular repair of complex juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms in no‐option patients

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has developed as a less invasive alternative to open surgery for patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. However, patients with very short infrarenal necks require complex surgical open repair, which is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. The risk of complex open repair may be prohibitive in high‐risk patients. Thus, modifying the technique of EVAR may be required in such patients to successfully exclude aneurysms. An alternative that can be used in these patients is the so‐called “chimney graft” technique. We report two cases where the chimney graft technique was used with good immediate results. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.