安博维与依伦平治疗原发性高血压的比较

目的对安博维与依伦平治疗原发性高血压进行比较研究。方法将132例入选血压90 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)≤舒张压(DBP)110 mm Hg,且收缩压(SBP)180 mm Hg的来院治疗的患者分成两组,一组(n=62)加用安博维(厄贝沙坦)150 mg,每日1次;另一组(n=70)加用依伦平(厄贝沙坦150 mg+氢氯噻嗪12.5 mg)片,每日1次,观察8周,对两组血压、心率、血压达标率、降压有效率、不良反应进行比较。结果两组在分组后1周SBP、DBP和脉压(PP)均开始下降,依伦平组在分组后1周,安博维在分组后2周SBP、DBP和PP下降幅度较分组时差异有统计学意义(P0.01);两组间SBP、DBP和PP在整个观察期内相比,同时间随访观察值、心率(HR)差异无统计学意义。结论安博维与依伦平在治疗原发性高血压方面的疗效、安全性和耐受性方面均较好,相比之下依伦平起效更快,降压有效率、达标率更高,是原发性高血压治疗的理想用药。     

老年高血压患者的护理干预探讨

目的分析老年高血压患者临床护理方法与实施效果。方法研究对象取2014-07—2015-07鞍山市汤岗子医院老年高血压患者46例,依照护理模式差异分组。实验组23例给予全面护理,对照组23例给予常规护理,观察比较效果。结果实验组护理后SBP(122±4)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa),DBP(81±3)mm Hg,对照组护理后SBP(139±6)mm Hg,DBP(92±5)mm Hg;实验组护理满意度95.65%,对照组护理满意度82.61%,实验组患者的血压改善明显,护理满意度高,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年高血压全面护理效果佳,可有效改善血压,提高满意度。     

铜砭刮痧治疗肝阳上亢型高血压伴睡眠障碍症的疗效观察

目的观察铜砭刮痧疗法治疗肝阳上亢型高血压伴睡眠障碍患者的临床疗效。方法纳入肝阳上亢型原发性高血压伴睡眠障碍症患者共96例,简单随机分组法分为治疗组与对照组,各48例。对照组患者采用基础治疗;治疗组在对照组患者治疗基础上结合铜砭刮痧治疗,1次/周,共4周。观察两组治疗前后的血压变化和睡眠质量并进行评估。结果治疗后两组SBP、DBP相较治疗前均显著下降(P0.05),治疗组SBP下降值为(15.04±0.78)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa),DBP下降值为(16.30±0.45)mm Hg;对照组SBP下降值为(12.26±0.88)mm Hg,DBP下降值为(14.04±0.31)mm Hg;治疗组较对照组下降值更高(P0.05)。但两组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组治疗后PSQI评分相较治疗前均显著下降(P0.05),但治疗组下降值为(4.38±0.45)分,对照组为(2.51±0.53)分,两组下降值差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。且治疗组的睡眠障碍疗效为83.33%,对照组为45.83%,治疗组总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.01)。结论铜砭刮痧疗法可有效降低肝阳上亢型高血压患者的血压水平,并改善睡眠质量。     

兴城温泉浴对中年高血压患者血压控制效果及临床症状的改善作用研究

目的研究温泉浴对中年高血压患者血压控制效果及临床症状的改善作用。方法选取2016-02—08收治于战略支援部队兴城疗养院温泉疗养区的140例中年高血压患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法,随机分组每组70例,对照组进行常规药物治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上加以温泉浴疗法,比较两组患者治疗前后血压的控制情况、治疗后患者的治疗有效率以及患者治疗满意度。结果治疗前,观察组患者的SBP(150.9±8.6)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa)、DBP(98.2±5.4)mm Hg与对照组患者的SBP(151.2±8.4)mm Hg、DBP(97.9±5.6)mm Hg相比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后,观察组患者的SBP(124.8±6.5)mm Hg、DBP(71.1±4.5)mm Hg显著低于对照组患者的SBP(142.3±6.9)mm Hg、DBP(87.4±4.3)mm Hg,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者的治疗总有效率(95.71%)明显高于对照组的治疗总有效率(81.43%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,观察组总满意度(98.57%)明显高于对照组总满意度(81.43%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用温泉浴对中年高血压患者进行辅助治疗,血压控制良好,且能降低不良事件的发生,具有十分显著的临床意义。     

动态血压监测在老年原发性高血压并心血管事件中的临床价值

目的:探讨动态血压监测对老年原发性高血压并心血管事件的影响。方法:将2011.1-2013.1收治的老年原发性高血压300例按白昼舒张压(DBP)分为低舒张压组(DBP85mm Hg,n=94)、中舒张压组(85mm Hg≤DBP≤95 mm Hg,n=118)和高舒张压组(DBP95 mm Hg,n=88),随访2年,将随访期间发生心血管事件者为事件组(n=58),其余为非事件组(n=242)。结果:与非事件组相比较,事件组的白昼与夜间SBP、DBP均明显高于非事件组(P0.05),而24 h血压水平变化率无明显差异(P0.05);低、中、高舒张压组的心血管事件发生率随着舒张压的升高而明显增高(P0.05)。结论:动态血压监测显示血压高尤其是舒张压高的老年高血压患者更易发生心血管事件,预后差,需严格控制血压。     

直接血压与间接血压相关性的影响因素与假性高血压的关系

目的探讨直接血压与间接血压的相关性及其影响因素与假性高血压的关系.方法 208例临床需要行冠状动脉造影的患者,男150例,女58例,平均年龄(60.2±10.9)岁.在动脉穿刺成功后冠状动脉造影前同步测量直接血压和间接血压各3次,取平均值,造影结果由2位以上专家判断并记录.根据冠状动脉造影结果分为2组,冠状动脉正常组(104例)和冠心病组(104例).根据有无高血压病分为正常血压组(95例)和高血压病组(113例).并测量身高、体质量、臂围(AC)、腰围(WC)、臀围(HC),计算体质量指数(BMI)、腰围/臀围(WHR)、腰围/身高(WHtR)、平均血压(MBP)、直接与间接收缩压(SBP)差值(S-S)和直接与间接舒张压(DBP)差值(D-D).结果①直接血压与间接血压明显相关,SBP、MBP、DBP相关系数分别为0.88、0.76、0.58(P＜0.01).②高血压病组、冠心病组、女性直接SBP与间接SBP相关性好,而直接DBP与间接DBP相关性较差, SBP、MBP、DBP相关系数分别为0.52、0.48、0.49(P＜0.01).③直接血压总体上高于间接血压,S-S:-39～40 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),(6.35±12.50) mm Hg;D-D:-47～55 mm Hg,(5.63±11.17) mm Hg. S-S≤-10 mm Hg组与S-S＞-10 mm Hg组,S-S≤-10 mm Hg组的 AC、WC、HC、WHR、WHtR、BMI和年龄是更高的,仅BMI差别有统计学意义(P＜0.05).D-D ≤-10 mm Hg组与D-D＞-10 mm Hg比较,D-D ≤-10 mm Hg组 AC,WC,HC,WHR,WHtR 和BMI是更高的,仅AC差别有统计学意义(P＜0.05).分析AC与直接间接SBP、DBP的差值的关系发现:冠心病组AC与D-D相关,相关系数为0.27(P＜0.01).高血压组S-S与AC相关,相关系数为-0.22(P＜0.05).结论①直接血压与间接血压有明显相关性,其中SBP相关性最好,MBP次之,DBP最差(尤其是高血压病组、冠心病组和女性组);②AC是影响直接与间接血压测量值差值的重要因素,冠心病组AC影响DBP,而高血压病组AC影响SBP;③BMI高和AC大者易高估间接血压而出现假性高血压的情况.     

秦皇岛市7～12岁学龄儿童血压影响因素分析

[目的]探讨秦皇岛市7～12岁学龄儿童血压状况及主要影响因素.[方法]测量654名7～12岁学龄儿童,身高、体重及血压,并对相关数据进行分析.[结果]本组儿童男女性别间收缩压(SBP)相比较无统计学差异( P >0.05).男性舒张压(DBP)高于女性( P <0.01).汉族与少数民族SBP和DBP比较无统计学差异( P >0.05).超重组SBP高于对照组( P <0.05),肥胖组SBP和DBP高于对照组和超重组( P <0.01).SBP与年龄(r=0.188,P =0.000)和体重指数(BMI)(r=0.430,P =0.000)存在单变量相关.DBP与年龄(r=0.121,P =0.002)和BMI(r=0.262,P =0.000)存在单变量相关.多元线性回归显示,BMI是SBP(β=0.995,P =0.000)和DBP(β=0.458,P =0.000)升高的独立危险因素.[结论]肥胖是儿童期血压升高的独立危险因素.     

老年人血压分层与肾功能的关系研究

目的通过血压分层与肾功能的关系研究探索老年人群合适的降压目标值。方法纳入2012年至2015年湖南省湘雅三医院健康体检中心的26 000例老年受试者进行回顾性研究,按血压水平分为正常血压组(n=7 000)、低血压组(n=1 200)和高血压组(n=17 800)。正常血压定义为:90 mm Hg≤收缩压(SBP)140 mm Hg且60 mm Hg≤舒张压(DBP)90 mm Hg;低血压定义为:SBP 90 mm Hg或DBP 60 mm Hg;高血压定义为:SBP≥140 mm Hg或DBP≥90 mm Hg。SBP进一步分层为:80～89 mm Hg层(n=950)、90～99 mm Hg层(n=1 236)、100～109 mm Hg层(n=1 520)、110～119 mm Hg层(n=1 587)、120～129 mmHg层(n=1 825)、130～139 mmHg层(n=2 056)、140～149 mmHg层(n=6 816)、150～159 mm Hg层(n=5 282)、160～169 mm Hg层(n=3 218)、170～179 mm Hg层(n=1 005)、180～189 mmHg层(n=326)、190～199 mm Hg层(n=83)、200～209 mm Hg层(n=65)、210～220 mm Hg层(n=31); DBP进一步分层为:40～49 mm Hg层(n=280)、50～59 mm Hg层(n=920)、60～69 mm Hg层(n=1 657)、70～79 mm Hg层(n=2 231)、80～89 mm Hg层(n=3 112)、90～99 mm Hg层(n=7 974)、100～109 mm Hg层(n=5 918)、110～119 mm Hg层(n=3 606)、120～129 mm Hg层(n=226)、130～140 mm Hg层(n=76);脉压(PBP)进一步分层为:40 mm Hg层(n=823)、40～49mm Hg层(n=4 427)、50～59 mm Hg层(n=6 823)、60～69 mm Hg层(n=4 563)、70～79 mm Hg层(n=3 699)、80～89mm Hg层(n=2 592)、90～99 mm Hg层(n=1 812)、100～109 mm Hg层(n=753)、110～119 mm Hg层(n=327)、120～129mm Hg层(n=125)、130～140 mm Hg层(n=56)。比较各组血尿素氮(BUN)水平、血肌酐(Scr)水平、尿酸(UA)水平、肾小球滤过率(e GFR)、肾功能不全患病率(RIP)及蛋白尿患病率(PP)。结果高血压组和低血压组的BUN水平高于正常血压组(5.4±1.4 mmol/L,5.5±1.8 mmol/L vs.5.3±1.6 mmol/L,P 0.05),正常血压组的Scr和UA水平高于低血压组但低于高血压组(72.4±18.4μmol/L 74.6±16.4μmol/L 77.7±27.2μmol/L; 301.2±83μmol/L 314.4±83.6μmol/L 327.3±88.3μmol/L,P 0.05),高血压组和低血压组的e GFR明显低于正常血压组[81.5±13.2 ml/(min·1.73m2),82.2±13.2 ml/(min·1.73 m2) vs.85.4±12.8 ml/(min·1.73 m2),P 0.05],高血压组和低血压组的RIP和PP均高于正常血压组(8.7%,8.3%vs.4.5%; 17.3%,88%vs.8.1%; P 0.05)。当SBP140 mm Hg或90 mm Hg时,PP增高。DBP 80 mm Hg时,PP增高; DBP 70 mm Hg时,RIP增高。PBP 60 mm Hg时,RIP和PP均增高。结论老年高血压患者降压治疗SBP目标值90～140 mm Hg、DBP目标值70～80 mm Hg、PBP 60 mm Hg可最大程度地保护肾功能。     

持续不卧床腹膜透析患者中不同血压表型与左心室肥厚患病率之间的关系研究

目的探讨持续不卧床腹膜透析(continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis,CAPD)患者中不同的血压表型与左心室肥厚的患病率之间的关系及对左心室心肌重构的影响。方法选择127例CAPD患者,根据诊室测量的肱动脉血压将患者分为4组:正常血压组(46例):收缩压(SBP)140mmHg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa)且舒张压(DBP)90mm Hg;孤立收缩期高血压(isolated systolic hypertension,ISH)组(42例):SBP≥140mm Hg且DBP90mm Hg;双期高血压(systolic/diastolic hypertension,SDH)组(39例):SBP≥140mm Hg且DBP≥90mm Hg;孤立舒张期高血压(isolated diastolichypertension,IDH)组(0例):SBP140mm Hg且DBP≥90mm Hg。收集患者基本资料、血生化检查资料,并采用超声心动图检查评估3组患者的心脏形态功能及血流动力学指标,包括左心室质量(LVM)、左心室质量指数(LVMI,身高2.7标化的LVM)、左心室肥厚(LVH)患病率、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、左心室舒张期早晚期二尖瓣口血流频谱(E峰、A峰、E/A)、心输出量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)、心每搏输出量(SV)、心每搏指数(SI)、总外周阻力(TPR)和总外周血管阻力指数(TPRI)等,并将血压表型、体质量指数(BMI)、性别、透析龄、血肌酐(SCr)、TPRI等纳入左心室肥厚的可能危险因素进行多因素logistics回归分析。结果 3组间基本资料、血脂状态、贫血状况差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);SBP、DBP、平均动脉压(MAP)、脉压(PP),SDH组ISH组正常血压组(P0.01),LVM、LVMI在ISH组和SDH组均高于正常血压组(P0.05);LVH的患病率在ISH组为76.2%,在SDH组为71.8%,均高于正常血压组(50.0%,P0.05)。LVEF、LVFS,SDH组和ISH组均低于正常血压组(P0.01)。LVEDD和LVESD在SDH组和ISH组高于正常血压组(P0.01),E峰在3组间无差异,而A峰在SDH组低于ISH组(P0.01),E/A在SDH组高于ISH组及正常组(P0.01);TPR和TPRI在SDH组高于ISH组和正常血压组。多因素logistics回归分析显示,ISH组和SDH组患LVH的风险分别是正常血压组的2.01倍和1.74倍;女性患LVH的风险是男性的1.36倍;透析龄每增加一个月患LVH的风险增加0.03倍。结论 CAPD患者中,高血压表型是左心室肥厚的独立危险因素,SDH表型患者外周血管阻力较高,左心室舒张功能减低明显,而ISH表型患者LVH患病率和危险度较高,因此高血压不同表型对心血管损伤机制可能存在差异,其中ISH压型对心脏重构的影响较大,LVH患病危险度较高。     

伊贝沙坦治疗轻、中度原发性高血压的临床研究

目的观察伊贝沙坦对轻、中度原发性高血压患者的降压疗效.方法50例轻、中度高血压患者服用伊贝沙坦,每天1次,每次150 mg,连服6周.采用偶测血压和24 h动态血压监测.结果临床总有效率为84%,显效为72%,有效为16%,未达标者8例,收缩压(SBP)从治疗前的(152.4±11.5) mm Hg降至治疗后(130.2±8.2 mm) Hg(P<0.01),舒张压(DBP)从治疗前(96.4±4.8) mm Hg降至治疗后(82.1±4.6) mm Hg.动态血压监测SBP下降幅度为(18.9±0.9) mm Hg,DBP下降幅度为(12.8±3.1) mm Hg.降压谷/峰比率SBP为68%,DBP为63%,血压负荷均有不同程度的降低.结论口服安博维对轻、中度原发性高血压降压疗效确切,不良反应少而轻.     

102例危重病患者有创血压和无创血压的对比

目的比较102例危重病患者有创血压（IBP）和无创血压（NBP）测量结果的一致性。 方法收集2016年3~9月在西安交通大学第二附属医院重症医学科住院治疗的102例危重病患者的尺/桡动脉IBP和同侧上臂NBP数据1072对,先对所有数据分别按收缩压、舒张压、脉压（PP）和平均动脉压（MAP）进行配对t检验;再将数据分为高血压组（MAP≥107 mmHg）（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）、正常血压组（70 mmHg≤MAP<107 mmHg）和低血压组（MAP<70 mmHg）三个亚组,分别进行IBP和NBP的收缩压、舒张压、PP以及MAP间的配对t检验。以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。 结果有创收缩压和无创收缩压之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（128.08±35.48）mmHg vs（122.56±24.84）mmHg,t=7.896,P<0.001）］;有创舒张压和无创舒张压之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（65.66±13.69）mmHg vs（67.98±13.31）mmHg,t=-8.294,P<0.001］;有创PP和无创PP之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（62.42±28.93）mmHg vs（54.58±20.00）mmHg,t=11.697,P<0.001］;有创MAP和无创MAP之间比较,差异无统计学意义［（86.47±18.94）mmHg vs（86.17±15.33）mmHg,t=0.867,P=0.386］。亚组分析显示高血压组（n=254）：有创收缩压和无创收缩压之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（163.75±33.93）mmHg vs（152.16±16.78）mmHg,t=6.52,P<0.001］,有创舒张压和无创舒张压之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（79.17±11.03）mmHg vs（83.69±9.50）mmHg,t=-6.85,P<0.001）］,有创PP和无创PP之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（84.57±31.50）mmHg vs （68.47±20.72）mmHg,t=9.76,P<0.001］;正常血压组（n=687）：有创收缩压和无创收缩压之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（122.66±24.74）mmHg vs（118.70±15.14）mmHg,t=5.071,P<0.001）］,有创舒张压和无创舒张压之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（63.97±10.34）mmHg vs（65.60±8.49）mmHg,t=-5.049,P<0.001）］,有创PP和无创PP之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（58.69±23.05）mmHg vs （53.10±11.90）mmHg,t=7.682,P<0.001］;低血压组（n=131）：有创收缩压和无创收缩压之间比较,差异无统计学意义［（87.35±24.33）mmHg vs（85.41±11.99）mmHg,t=1.109,P=0.269］,有创舒张压和无创舒张压之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（48.32±8.27）mmHg vs（49.98±8.06）mmHg,t=-2.073,P=0.040］,有创PP和无创PP之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（39.03±24.00）mmHg vs（35.43±13.97）mmHg,t=1.806,P<0.001］。 结论有创收缩压大于无创收缩压、有创舒张压小于无创舒张压、有创PP大于无创PP,而有创MAP等于无创MAP。采用MAP数值较采用收缩压和（或）舒张压数值可以消除IBP和NBP测量之间的差异。     

Portapres and differential oscillometric finger blood pressure changes during deep breathing test in the assessment of BRS index

The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the finger blood pressure during a deep breathing test (DB) and to find out whether the mean blood pressure might be used as a substitute for the systolic pressure in calculations of baroreflex sensitivity from data derived from the DB test. Continuous beat-to-beat finger pressure was recorded by the volume clamp method (Portapres model 2 monitor). In addition, the mean arterial pressure was recorded by the modified oscillometric method (UT9201 beat-to-beat monitor, University of Tartu, Estonia). Fifteen healthy volunteers, aged 25-56 years, were studied. The amplitude of respiration-linked oscillations in the Portapres systolic (Psyst) and mean blood pressure (Pmean) was 22.2 +/- 8.8 and 16.6 +/- 5.8 mmHg, respectively. There was no significant difference between the amplitudes of induced changes in Pmean recorded by the two devices: the amplitude of oscillations in the mean blood pressure recorded by the differential oscillometric monitor was 16.0 +/- 5.9 mmHg. The amplitude of oscillations in Psyst correlated significantly with the amplitude of oscillations in Pmean recorded either by Portapres or by UT9201 (r=0.95 and 0.98, respectively). The high correlation between the amplitudes of oscillations in mean and systolic blood pressure allows to conclude that mean arterial pressure changes during a DB test might be used instead of systolic pressure changes in calculation of the ratio of changes in pulse interval to changes in blood pressure, which is considered to reflect baroreflex sensitivity.     

Sympathetic activation during the cold pressor test: influence of stimulus area

Summary. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the size of the stimulus area on the muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP), and heart rate responses to the cold pressor test. To accomplish this, these variables were measured before (control), during, and after 1·5 min of ice water immersion of either one or both hands in nine healthy subjects (aged 19–27 years). The cold stimulus elicited significant increases above control levels in all three variables under both conditions (P<0·05). Immersion of both hands produced a much greater increase in total MSNA (+366%) than immersion of a single hand (+187%) (P<0·05). However, the magnitudes of the increases in SAP and heart rate during two-hand immersion (29±6 mmHg and 10±2 beats min^-1) were not significantly different from the responses during the one-hand trials (24±5 mmHg and 6±2 beats min^-1, P>0·05). There was a strong, direct relationship between total MSNA and SAP responses during one-hand immersion (r= 0·93, P<0·001) but not during immersion of both hands (r= 0·66, P= 0·08). These findings indicate that during the cold pressor test the magnitude of the increase in sympathetic discharge to skeletal muscle, but not the systolic blood pressure response, is influenced by the size of the tissue area exposed to the stimulus.     

Clinical evaluation of the Takeda Medical (A & D) TM 2420 ambulatory blood pressure monitor. Practical experience and comparison with direct and indirect measurements

Takeda Medical (A & D) TM 2420 is an automatic ambulatory blood pressure monitoring system employing the auscultatory technique. The device was used under stable conditions and compared to readings from the Hawksley randomzero sphygmomanometer using a double headset stethoscope and a Y-connection. We tested 85 subjects (aged 13–89 years, systolic blood pressure 85–212 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 40–116 mmHg) and found a difference amounting to 1.6±6.7 mmHg (mean±SD) for systolic and 2.1±4.5 mmHg for diastolic readings (Hawksley-TM 2420). In 62 subjects a comparison with simultaneous measurement on the opposite arm with the Hawksley manometer showed similar results. When comparing intra-arterial readings from 10 subjects, a difference (intra-arterial-TM 2420) of -1.9±12.1 mmHg was found for systolic pressures, while the diastolic difference was -10.7±8.7 mmHg. Twenty-four hour monitoring was performed on 80 subjects; 70 of these yielded usable tracings. The proportion of successful recordings was acceptable, but the device was not suitable for bicycle stress testing. The quality of the accessories provided with the equipment could be improved, but in spite of this the monitoring system was found to be recommendable for clinical use.     

Clinical evaluation of the oscillometric blood pressure monitor in adults and children based on the 1992 AAMI SP-10 standards

Objective and Methods. A noninvasive blood pressure monitor (model BP8800MS, Colin Medical Instruments Corp., San Antonio, TX) that uses the oscillometric principle was evaluated against the manual auscultatory method in 85 adults and 85 children following the requirements of the 1992 AAMI SP-10 standard. This was the first evaluation study of the electronic sphygmomanometers according to the new AAMI standards.Results. In adult subjects, the mean difference and standard deviation of the differences between the oscillometric and auscultatory methods were 2.81 ± 5.35 mm Hg (mean ± SD) for systolic and 0.04 ± 4.90 mm Hg for diastolic; in children, they were 3.18 ± 5.96 mm Hg for systolic and –0.82 ± 5.24 mm Hg for diastolic. Excellent correlation between the oscillometric and auscultatory methods, particularly the diastolic pressure, is due to usage of the Phase V Korotkoff's sounds for auscultatory detection of the diastolic pressure, increased accuracy of the two observers' measurements, and proper selection of cuff sizes depending on the mid-arm circumference. Five different-sized cuffs were used in this study. The cuff-width-to-midarm circumference ratio was adjusted to be 0.4 or larger to minimize the measurement error associated with mismatch of cuff-size/arm-size relationship. The distribution of errors associated with each cuff was nearly the same.Conclusions. The 1992 AAMI SP-10 standards offer a thorough evaluation of the oscillometric sphygmomanometer by enforcing more stringent criteria on (1) agreement between two observers, (2) wide spectrum of blood pressure from hypertensive (above 180 mm Hg) to hypotensive, and (3) data analysis. The oscillometric blood pressure monitor evaluated in this study meets the specifications of the new AAMI SP-10 standards and can offer an accurate, automatic, and noninvasive measure of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults and children. It can safely replace the manual or automatic auscultatory system in various clinical settings.This study was supported in part by a grant in aide from Nippon Colin (Komaki, Japan) and Colin Medical Instruments (San Antonio, TX). The authors acknowledge Dr. James Pool and Ms. Charlyne Allston-Wright of the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, for providing hypertensive subjects. Technical assistance by Ms. Julie Glueck of the Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, is also acknowledged.     

有创血压预测方法探讨

目的 探讨有创血压的预测方法. 方法 47例受试者接受示波法测量肱动脉无创血压,桡动脉置管测量有创血压,血管超声技术检测颈总动脉和桡动脉的结构和血流动力学参数.采用线性回归方法建立有创血压预测方程;典型相关分析方法筛选有创血压预测的潜在参数. 结果 有创收缩压多元线性回归方程为Y=17.21-64.357X1+2.80X2+1.324X3(y为有创收缩压,X1为桡动脉阻力指数,X2为桡动脉搏 动指数,X3为无创收缩压);与反映有创血压的典型变量较为密切的无创测量指标有无创血压、颈动脉血管壁剪切率、桡动脉阻力指数和搏动指数、颈动脉收缩期峰值流速. 结论 有创血压可以通过无创血压及血流动力学参数进行预测.除无创收缩压和桡动脉阻力指数之外,潜在参数还包括无创舒张压、桡动脉搏动指数、颈动脉血管壁剪切率、颈动脉收缩期峰值流速.     

TECHNICAL NOTE: Continuous non-invasive measurement of mean blood pressure in fingers by volume-clamp and differential oscillometric method

Summary. The present study compares two different methods for non-invasive beat-to- beat finger arterial blood pressure monitoring. The measurements using the volume clamp method (FINAPRES, Ohmeda, USA) were compared with measurements applying the differential oscillometric method (UT9201 device, University of Tartu). 13 healthy volunteers were studied at rest, during head-up tilt (HUT) and during deep breathing (DB) with a fixed rate of 6 breaths/min. Blood pressure was recorded from adjacent fingers of the right hand. 150 pairs of mean blood pressure values in each subject were included for statistical evaluation. No systematic differences between the two methods were found. The difference between values (FINAPRES — UT9201) at rest was -1.1 mmHg (SD 5.5), during HUT 0.5 mmHg (SD 6.9) and during DB-3.6 mmHg (SD 7.7). The insignificant differences between the results obtained by the two independent methods allow us to conclude that both methods give reliable data on finger mean arterial pressure.     

The inaccuracy of automatic devices taking postural measurements in the emergency department

Automatic devices are used to take postural blood pressures in the emergency department despite research proving their inaccuracy in taking single blood pressures. This study assessed the accuracy of an automatic device compared with a manual aneroid reference standard for determining orthostatic hypotension and postural drops at triage. Supine and standing blood pressures were taken with an automatic and a manual device in a sequential and random order, and postural drops were calculated. The manual device indicated 10/150 emergency department patients had orthostatic hypotension (7%) and the automatic device detected this with a sensitivity of 30% and a specificity of 91%. The automatic-manual differences were clinically significant in 13% of systolic drops and 37% of diastolic drops. Findings suggest that automatic devices cannot reliably detect or rule out orthostatic hypotension, indicating that triage nurses need to use manual devices to take accurate postural blood pressures for optimal patient care.     

The pharmacist and the management of arterial hypertension: the role of blood pressure monitoring and telemonitoring

Randomized controlled trials have documented that a team of health care professionals which includes a physician, a nurse and a community pharmacist may improve the benefit and adherence of anti-hypertensive therapy. If such a health care model relies on blood pressure telemonitoring, it can promote a stronger relationship between health care professionals and patients, and further improve BP control of hypertension. The major benefit of this collaborative approach is to center the patient’s management in a tailored way, providing comprehensive and preventive care based on health information technologies. In this review, the authors summarize recent clinical studies that evaluate the role of the community pharmacist in BP measurements, and in hypertension screening and control. The authors also describe the advantages of using blood pressure telemonitoring in home and ambulatory settings to evaluate potential alternatives to primary care in hypertension management.