锥形束CT结合显微超声技术诊治老年钙化根管的研究

目的 评价锥形束CT结合显微超声技术诊治老年钙化根管的临床效果,为老年人钙化根管治疗提供参考.方法 选择我院60例老年患者,经常规根管治疗不能疏通的108根钙化根管作为研究对象,应用CBCT技术检查判断根管口的位置、根管走向及位置,再应用显微超声技术去除髓腔内及根管中、上段钙化组织,探查并疏通根管,统计根管疏通成功率.结果 108根钙化根管中,95根根管成功疏通,成功率87.9％;根颈1/3钙化根管疏通率为98.5％,根中1/3钙化根管疏通率80.0％,根尖1/3钙化根管疏通率53.8％.结论 锥形束CT与显微超声技术联合使用对疏通钙化根管具有明显效果.     

显微超声技术处理钙化根管的临床效果评价

目的评价牙科显微镜结合超声技术处理钙化根管的临床疗效。方法牙髓炎或根尖周炎患者61例,患牙75颗,需进行根管治疗的钙化根管共89个,在显微镜下采用超声器械清除钙化组织,用8号K锉或C型先锋锉辅助乙二胺四乙酸凝胶疏通根管,记录钙化根管疏通成功率及失败情况。结果89个钙化根管成功疏通67个,成功率为75．3％。前牙成功率为94。i％,前磨牙成功率为76．7％,磨牙成功率为48．0％;前牙和前磨牙之间（r=4．016,P（0．05）,前磨牙和磨牙之间（x2=4．843,P〈0．05）成功率差异有统计学意义0根管上1／3钙化根管的疏通成功率为91．9％,根管中1／3为79．3％,根管下1／3为43．5％,根上1／3与根中1／3之间成功率差异无统计学意义（x2=2．185,P〉0．05）,根中1／3与根下1／3之间差异有统计学意义（x2=7．／02,P〈0．05）。结论显微超声技术是处理钙化根管的一种安全有效的方法,但在处理磨牙根管下1／3钙化时有很大局限性。     

显微超声处理钙化根管的疗效评价

目的 评价显微超声技术处理钙化根管的临床疗效,以期为老年人钙化根管治疗提供临床参考.方法 选择102例牙髓炎或根尖周炎患者,年龄45～ 78岁,共119个钙化根管,均为采用常规根管治疗方法不能疏通的根管.在根管显微镜下使用超声器械进行根管再疏通治疗,去除髓腔内及根管颈、中段钙化组织,并比较其钙化根管各部位的疏通率.结果 99个钙化根管成功再疏通,疏通率为83％,前磨牙及磨牙组疏通率[分别为12/15、77％(43/56)]差异无统计学意义(x2=1.35,P＞0.05);上、下颌钙化根管疏通率[分别为84％(61/73)、83％ (38/46)]差异无统计学意义(x2=1.21,P＞0.05).根管颈段钙化的疏通率为93％(78/84),与根管中、尖段钙化比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01),钙化部位靠近根尖时疏通率明显下降.结论 根管显微镜和超声器械的使用有助于提高老年患者钙化阻塞根管的疏通率,可有效地提高根管治疗的成功率.     

显微超声技术处理钙化根管的临床病例分析

目的:评价显微超声技术处理钙化根管的临床疗效和并发症的预防,以期为临床治疗提供指导。方法:收集近3年来的钙化根管138个(95例患牙)。其中前牙根管50个(50例患牙),前磨牙根管40个(28例患牙),磨牙根管48个(17例患牙),使用显微超声技术进行根管再疏通治疗,统计疏通的成功率。结果:138个根管成功疏通96个,成功率69.6%。其中前牙疏通根管45个,成功率90.0%;前磨牙疏通根管30个,成功率75.0%;磨牙疏通根管21个,成功率43.8%;各组间差异有统计学意义(P(0.05)。发生根管侧穿5例,根管偏移20例,因显微镜下视野较差放弃治疗17例。结论:显微超声技术是一种对钙化根管治疗行之有效的治疗方法。     

锥形束CT在根管治疗疗效评价中的作用

锥形束CT(cone beam computerized tomography, CBCT)可从三维方向展现根尖周病变大小及形态,能够提供常规根尖片无法提供的信息,对于评估预后,根管治疗后根尖周病变的准确诊断及制定进一步治疗计划有着重要意义。但CBCT存在放射剂量较大,费用高,是否常规应用于疗效评价还存在争议。本文将就CBCT在根管治疗疗效评价中的优劣势、评价具体方法、评价效果及应用展望进行综述,为临床合理应用CBCT进行疗效评判提供依据。     

手术显微镜配合超声技术处理钙化根管的临床疗效

目的 探讨牙科手术显微镜配合超声技术处理钙化根管的临床疗效和应用方法.方法 选择需进行根管治疗的40例患者的患牙43颗(47个钙化根管),在手术显微镜下采用超声工作尖和(或)超声根管锉去除根管内钙化组织,结合乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、小号手用锉疏通根管,机用镍钛器械ProTaper完成根管预备,侧向加压或垂直加压技术充填根管.记录钙化根管疏通成功率及根管内并发症的发生情况.结果 47个钙化根管中有37个根管疏通成功并完成根管治疗,钙化根管再通成功率为78.7%;前牙疏通成功率89.5%,后牙疏通成功率71.4%;根管口及上段再通成功率为87.9%.下段再通成功率为57.1%.1颗磨牙根管中段形成台阶,2个根管发生侧穿,6根超声器械断裂,无牙根折裂发生.结论 手术显微镜配合超声技术是处理钙化根管的有效方法,前牙及根管口及上段再通成功率较高,该技术不宜用于根管的下段及弯曲部位.     

锥形束CT对乳磨牙根管形态的初步研究

目的乳牙根管形态复杂并且不易获得完整的标本,本研究通过CBCT对乳磨牙根管形态进行初步研究。方法本院放射影像科CBCT进行分析,记录上下颌第一乳磨牙,第二乳磨牙的根管形态。结果共检查儿童207例,上颌第一乳磨牙均为三根管形态,上颌第二乳磨牙80.31%为三根管形态,19.18%为四根管,0.51%为五根管,下颌第一乳磨牙二根管,三根管,四根管分别占7.03%,46.62%,46.35%,下颌第二乳磨牙三根管,四根管分别占3.95%,96.05%。结论乳磨牙根管形态相当复杂,临床诊疗过程中需认真探查。     

老年人弯曲钙化根管的显微超声治疗的临床观察

目的:评价手术显微镜及超声技术处理老年人弯曲钙化根管的临床效果。方法:弯曲钙化根管137个,牙科手术显微镜下超声去除髓腔及根管中上段钙化组织,C型先锋锉结合EDTA凝胶探查并疏通根管。结果:疏通弯曲钙化根管91个,疏通率66.4%。上下颌间及不同牙位间疏通率差异无统计学意义,但钙化部位的不同导致根管疏通率有统计学差异。结论:显微镜下超声技术对于疏通老年人弯曲钙化根管具有积极有效的作用。     

结合锥形束CT评价两种镍钛器械预备老年人磨牙弯曲根管的效果

目的：比较镍钛器械Twisted Files（TF）和ProTaper在老年人磨牙弯曲根管预备中的临床应用效果。方法：选择2011年8月至2013年8月在我科门诊就诊的有弯曲根管的牙髓炎或根尖周炎的老年患者磨牙90颗,随机分成三组,每组30颗,T组和P组分别采用机用镍钛器械Twisted Files（TF）和ProTaper以冠向下技术预备根管,K组采用手用不锈钢K锉以逐步后退法预备根管,全部患牙均采用冷牙胶侧方加压技术充填。记录三组病例根管预备时间和器械折断数,根据治疗前、中、后的X线片评价根管预备和充填情况,通过锥形束C T记录预备前后距离根尖3mm处根管偏移值。结果：T组、P组均能保持原根管的弯曲和走向,根管预备的锥度和流畅度好,根管充填质量高,T组的偏移量比P组和K组的偏移量小,三组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。T组的操作时间比P组和K组短,三组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。预备过程中T组未发生器械折断,P组3例发生器械折断。结论：TF相对与Protaper用于预备老年人磨牙弯曲根管,效率较高,成形效果佳,较安全,更适合于狭窄弯曲的老年根管。     

上颌窦黏膜增厚的锥形束CT影像分析

目的 运用锥形束CT (CBCT)研究牙源性因素对上颌窦黏膜增厚的影响,同时,通过对上颌窦黏膜增厚的随访,研究口腔治疗的作用。方法 回顾性分析2017年8—12月四川大学华西口腔医院就诊的患者,通过CBCT图像筛选出上颌窦最大黏膜厚度>2 mm的患者,评估上颌窦底及上颌窦黏膜增厚与患牙的关系,同时,记录患牙及其治疗的情况,观察随访前后上颌窦黏膜增厚的变化。结果 黏膜厚度与炎症距窦底的距离呈极弱负相关（P<0.05,r=-0.154）,而根尖距窦底的距离与黏膜厚度无直接相关性（P>0.05）。在治疗组中,窦底破坏组的黏膜厚度变化较窦底连续组大,黏膜厚度变化与根尖距窦底的距离呈弱负相关（P<0.01,r=-0.382）,黏膜厚度变化与炎症距窦底的距离呈中等程度负相关（P<0.001,r=-0.524）。结论 上颌窦炎的严重程度可能更大程度上取决于根尖周炎症边缘距窦底的远近而与单纯的根尖位置没有明显的关系。但从治疗效果来讲,炎症病变离上颌窦越近,上颌窦底越易被破坏,上颌窦炎受牙源性因素影响越大,口腔治疗的效果也越好。     

Branching of mandibular canal on cone beam computed tomography images

BackgroundMandibular neurovascular canal contents may be vulnerable to damage during mandibular surgical procedures. Greater knowledge of the location and configuration of the mandibular canal can help in the safe performance of these procedures in the dental clinic. Cross-sectional CBCT imaging is a good modality for studying the course, location, configuration and accessory branches of the mandibular canal. The aim of this study was to observe the branching of the mandibular canal at different segments of the mandible and mandibular tooth groups.MethodsCBCT images of 116 mandibular halves were included in this study. The presence of secondary branching of the mandibular canal in the ramus, retromolar area, molar and premolar teeth as well as the length, diameter and angle of these branches were observed.Resultssixty nine mandibular halves (59.5%), had a main canal with no branching, There were 36 IAC (31%) with one, 8 (6.9%) with two, 2 (1.7%) with three and 1(0.9%) with 5 accessory branches. Of these secondary branches, 16 (25.4%) were in the ramus, 16(25.4%) in the retromolar, and 31(49.2%) in the molar regions.ConclusionAdvanced cross-sectional imaging modalities especially CBCT is a suitable tool for observing anatomic characteristics of mandibular canal to preserve this vital structure in surgical procedures.     

下颌管分支的锥形束CT影像学分析

目的 运用锥形束CT（CBCT）分析下颌管分支发生的概率及其类型。方法 选取拍摄CBCT影像的216例（女104 例,男112例）患者为研究对象,对CBCT的下颌管分支影像进行观测并进行分类。结果 216例（432侧）患者中,39例（18.06%）50侧（11.57%）观测到下颌管分支,其中女18例（17.31%）,男21例（18.75%）。下颌管分支分为4类,第Ⅰ类17侧（3.94%）,第Ⅱ类11侧（2.55%）,第Ⅲ类20侧（4.63%）,第Ⅳ类2侧（0.46%）。结论 CBCT对下颌管分支的检出率较高,口腔颌面外科医生在进行下颌手术时应注意下颌管分支这一解剖变异。     

Applications of cone beam computed tomography in dental and oral medicine

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a radiological technique available since 1998 in dental and oral medicine in which a cylindrical volume is acquired with a conical x-ray beam during one rotation around the head of the patient (cone beam computed tomography, cone beam CT). This technique is increasingly replacing conventional radiological procedures due to the possibility of arbitrary reconstructions and views free of superimposition. CBCT focuses on the display of the bones of the jaw, so that its use concentrates on problems in implantology, before surgical removal of impacted and displaced teeth, in traumatology, and in craniofacial malformations. The objective of this overview was to emphasize the advantages of cone beam computed tomography in the individual disciplines. However, schematization of examinations should be avoided for reasons of radiation protection and for avoiding forensic pressure. The limits of CBCT and thus an indication for computed tomography exist where there is suspicion of bone tumors with soft tissue participation as well as in extensive fractures with suspicion of craniocerebral trauma. In the case of tumors in the soft tissues and of functional temporomandibular joint symptoms, magnetic resonance tomography is preferable to CBCT.     

Assessment of variations of the mandibular canal through cone beam computed tomography

The neurovascular bundle may be vulnerable during surgical procedures involving the mandible, especially when anatomical variations are present. Increased demand of implant surgeries, wider availability of three-dimensional exams, and lack of clear definitions in the literature indicate that features of anatomical variations should be revisited. The objective of the study was to evaluate features of anatomical variations related to mandibular canal (MC), such as bifid canals, anterior loop of mental nerve, and corticalization of MC. Additionally, bone trabeculation at the submandibular gland fossa region (SGF) was assessed and related to visibility of MC. Cone beam computed tomography exams from 100 patients (200 hemimandibles) were analyzed and the following parameters were registered: diameter and corticalization of MC; trabeculation in SGF region; presence of bifid MC, position of bifurcations, diameter, and direction of bifid canals; and measurement of anterior loops by two methods. Corticalization of the MC was observed in 59% of hemimandibles. In 23%, MC could be identified despite absence of corticalization. Diameter of MC was between 2.1 and 4 mm for nearly three quarters of the sample. In 80% of the sample trabeculation at the SGF was either decreased or not visible, and such cases showed correlation with absence of MC corticalization. Bifid MC affected 19% of the patients, mostly associated with additional mental foramina. Clinically significant anterior loop (>2 mm of anterior extension) was observed in 22–28%, depending on the method. Our findings, together with previously reported limitations of conventional exams, draw attention to the unpredictability related to anatomical variations in neurovascularization, showing the contribution of individual assessment through different views of three-dimensional imaging prior to surgical procedures in the mandible.     

Comparative dosimetry of dental cone beam computed tomography, panoramic radiography, and multislice computed tomography

Objectives  

The aim of this study was to compare the effective organ doses from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), multislice computed tomography (MSCT), and panoramic radiography.