12例重度慢性牙周炎患者全颌种植义齿修复的临床观察

目的探讨对经牙周治疗的重度慢性牙周炎患者拔除剩余牙齿后同期植入种植体并采用全颌种植义齿修复的可行性。方法对12例重度慢性牙周炎患者行牙周治疗，控制病情后，拔除剩余牙齿并同期植入种植体，5～6个月后行全颌种植义齿修复。根据临床、X线检查和患者主诉评价修复效果。结果共计108枚种植体植入20个牙弓，其中37枚种植体即刻植入拔牙窝内。种植体平均承载3年，所有种植体均无松动。2枚种植体发生种植体周围炎，有进行性骨吸收，其中1枚为即刻植入拔牙窝内的种植体。除2枚有进行性骨吸收的种植体外，其余种植体周围的骨吸收高度平均为（1．33±0．10）mm。108枚种植体的存留率为98．1％，37枚即刻种植体的存留率为97．3％。结论对重度慢性牙周炎患者行牙周治疗后拔除剩余牙齿并同期植入种植体，采用全颌种植义齿修复，可减少牙槽骨的吸收、缩短种植修复疗程，在定期的口腔卫生维护下获得理想的修复效果。     

重度慢性牙周炎患者上颌磨牙区拔牙后即刻种植与位点保存术后延期种植短期疗效观察

目的:观察慢性重度牙周炎患者行系统性牙周治疗后上颌磨牙区拔牙后即刻种植和位点保存术后延期种植两种种植方式的短期临床疗效。方法:38例慢性重度牙周炎患者导致上颌后牙区牙齿保留无望,经过系统性牙周治疗及复查提示牙周状况良好后行种植治疗,共植入修复体49枚,其中即刻种植组23枚,位点保存术后延期种植组26枚,种植术后3~6个月行修复治疗。观察种植体留存情况及修复后种植体周围组织状况。结果:种植体脱落情况:即刻种植组2枚,延期种植组1枚,存留率分别为91.30%和96.15%。两组种植体种植修复后即刻及6月后复查的PD、BI、BOP(+)相比,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);观察期内种植成功的种植体功能良好,种植体周围软组织健康状况良好。结论:慢性重度牙周炎患者经过完善的牙周系统治疗,在牙周状况良好的条件下,上颌后牙区拔牙后即刻种植和位点保存术后延期种植短期内临床效果相当。     

重度牙周炎患者即刻种植即刻负重后的临床效果观察

目的:对重度牙周炎患者即刻种植即刻负重后的临床效果进行评价.方法:选择2017年1月至2019年3月的23位重度牙周炎患者,术前控制急性炎症,术中拔除无保留价值的患牙后植入159枚种植体,其中62枚种植体植入新鲜拔牙窝,97枚种植体植入愈合牙槽窝.术后24小时内制作种植体支持的桥架式临时修复体即刻负重,最终修复完成于术后6个月内.观察这类治疗方案下的种植体存留率、种植体边缘骨吸收、种植体周软组织状况及并发症发生情况.结果:159枚种植体中有1枚在植入后4个月内失败,种植体2年总存留率为99.4％(158/159),即刻位点的种植体存留率为98.4％(61/62),愈合牙槽窝位点种植体存留率为100％(97/97);即刻种植体在永久修复时、修复后1年、2年的边缘骨吸收量分别为(0.52±0.16)mm、(0.76±0.22)mm、(0.88±0.27)mm,与愈合牙槽窝的(0.48±0.14)mm、(0.71±0.21)mm、(0.80±0.23)mm相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);即刻植入拔牙窝中的种植体与植入愈合牙槽窝中的种植体在改良菌斑指数、改良出血指数、种植体周围疾病发病率方面的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:重度牙周炎患者即刻种植即刻负重后能够获得令人满意的临床效果,短期疗效可靠,但长期疗效仍需进一步观察.     

上颌后牙区即刻种植及同期上颌窦提升的临床应用

目的:探讨上颌后牙区即刻种植及同期上颌窦内提升的临床效果. 方法:选择上颌后牙区即刻种植病例57例,其中上颌后牙区上颌窦底骨高度为(3.2±0.6)mm,微创拔除患牙后,行单纯上颌窦内提升同期牙种植术,植入德国XIve种植体21枚,德国Ankylos种植体45枚,种植体与拔牙窝骨壁之间的间隙植入自体骨或人工骨代用品,缝合固定胶原塞以关闭拔牙窝. 种植手术后至少5~6个月完成永久修复,随访6~24个月. 结果:临床随访期内种植体存留率100%,57例患者上颌窦底提升高度3~5 mm. 66枚种植体成功负载,种植体稳定,骨结合状况良好. 57例患者均达到良好的临床和放射学上的骨结合并成功负载. 结论:上颌后牙区即刻种植及上颌窦内提升术不仅能有效治疗上颌窦底牙槽骨高度不足的上颌后牙区,而且缩短治疗过程,简化手术操作,获得较为理想的临床效果.     

牙周病患者拔牙后即刻种植与延期种植的临床研究

目的:探讨牙周病患者拔牙后即刻种植与延期种植的临床效果。方法 :68例慢性中、重度牙周病患者,在牙周治疗后,随机选择34例拔除患牙后即刻种植41枚种植体;另外34例患者拔牙后3个月延期种植45枚种植体。术后随访2年,评价种植体的存留率、牙周探诊深度、美学评分、种植体颈部骨吸收率。结果:种植体脱落情况,即刻种植组3枚,延期种植组2枚,存留率分别为92.68%和95.56%;2年随访期内,仅第3个月的美学评分差异有统计学意义。结论:术前控制牙周炎,术中彻底刮除拔牙窝中的感染组织,配合使用抗生素,牙周病患者即刻种植可取得与延期种植类似效果。     

牙周炎患者即刻修复的临床观察

目的：对牙周炎患者行即刻修复进行临床观察研究。方法：选择于2008年5月至2009年5月期间在中山大学光华口腔医学院附属口腔医院种植科就诊的具有牙周炎病史的牙列缺损或牙列缺失患者,共31例（男16例,女15例）。所有患者均已行完善的牙周治疗。共植入种植体107枚,均于手术当天完成树脂临时修复。术后3个月行永久修复。结果：31例107枚种植体中,下颌18例66枚种植体,上颌13例41枚种植体,修复后成功率为100%.结论：牙周炎病史患者行完善的牙周治疗后,行种植即刻修复也可获得满意的短期临床效果。     

牙周病患者前牙即刻种植的临床研究：成功因素和风险分析

目的：通过对牙周病患者前牙的即刻种植临床研究，探讨牙周病患者前牙即刻种植的成功及风险因素。方法：对186名患者进行拔牙后即刻种植。所有患者都有轻度至中度的牙周病且均要求即刻种植治疗。种植术前患者均进行了牙周的基础治疗。最长临床跟踪随访5年。通过临床和放射的角度评估即刻种植的治疗效果。结果：自2007-2012年，186名牙周病患者超过500枚CDIC或replace种植体即刻植入拔牙窝，种植体存留率达到95.1%。接近80%的种植体松动发生在种植术后的六个月以内。结论：牙周病患者前牙的即刻种植较延期种植风险更大。上颌前牙即刻种植风险高于下颌。感染是失败的主要原因。根据患者的全身和局部条件合理选择手术时机和手术方式能有效控制失败风险。     

慢性中重度牙周炎患者应用种植修复的临床评价

目的:评估对中重度牙周炎患者经完善的牙周治疗及2--3度松动牙拔除后所导致的牙列缺损及牙列缺失所采用的单冠,联冠,全颌种植义齿修复的远期疗效.方法:共计十例患者经完善的牙周治疗,病情稳定后延期植入80枚种植体,即刻植入16枚植体,5---7个月种植义齿修复,根据种植体与牙槽骨之间的X线影像,牙周袋深度及临床检查等作为评价指标,评价负载后的修复效果.结果:96枚种植体中,其中两枚即刻种植于术后3周脱落,即刻种植成功率87%,种植体的平均存留率为97%,承载3.5年后骨吸收高度平均为1.73+0.13mm.结论:对中重度牙周炎进行牙周治疗,采取慎重态度,运用正确的种植方式,修复方法,则可减少牙槽骨的吸收,并获得理想的修复效果,但同时要坚持定期的口腔护理,但对这类患者的骨吸收还需进一步的远期观察.     

即刻种植的临床探讨

目的：报告拔牙后即刻种植的临床结果并对即刻种植的处理方法进行探讨。方法：拔除患牙，清创拔牙窝后，采用Branemark种植系统的操作方法，在Ⅰ期手术，将Branemark种植体即刻植入患者颌骨，酌情植入自体骨或异体骨，必要时加盖生物膜；4～6个月后，进行Ⅱ期手术，再经1～2周后，用目定修复体修复。结果：138颗即刻种植的Branemark种植体中，上颌76颗，下颌62颗，有4颗种植体失败，观察最长60个月，最短36个月，种植体存留率为96．4％。结论：即刻种植初步临床结果是满意的，其长期效果有待进一步的观察。     

上颌前牙位点保存两例

目的:观察拔牙窝位点保存术对牙槽骨的保存和后续的种植修复效果。方法:病例一,因左上颌埋伏尖牙导致侧切牙丧失,对拔除的埋伏尖牙和侧切牙施行拔牙窝位点保存术,6个月后种植体植入。病例二,21牙外伤后拔除即刻行拔牙窝位点保存术,术后6个月后种植体植入。最终修复完成后观察临床美学效果。结果:两位患者种植治疗均成功,实现了较为理想的美观修复效果。结论:拔牙窝位点保存术是一个在拔牙后能对牙槽骨不可逆丧失起到补偿和增加骨量的一个可靠方法,为种植创造较好的骨量条件。     

Implant-supported reconstruction in a patient with generalized aggressive periodontitis

BACKGROUND: A 31-year-old female was diagnosed with generalized aggressive periodontitis based on clinical and radiographic findings. Dental implants were used to restore her dentition. The long-term success of osseointegrated implants in periodontally healthy patients has been documented well in the literature. However, only a few cases of full-mouth rehabilitation, using dental implants, have been reported in periodontally compromised patients, especially those who exhibited generalized aggressive periodontitis. METHODS: Following extraction of all teeth except #6 through #11 in the maxilla, oral rehabilitation was accomplished with the use of implant-supported restorations; detailed treatment planning and sequence are presented. RESULTS: Eight implants were loaded immediately in the mandible. Six implants were placed in the posterior maxilla with a conventional two-stage approach. The maxillary implants were loaded after a 4-month healing period. The patient was followed for 18 months postloading in the maxilla and 24 months postloading in the mandible. CONCLUSION: Successful oral rehabilitation was accomplished using osseointegrated implants in a patient with generalized aggressive periodontitis.     

Immediate and delayed restoration of dental implants in periodontally susceptible patients: 1-year results

PURPOSE: Immediate restoration of dental implants in patients with a history of periodontal disease was examined. The influence of insertion torque and implant stability quotient (ISQ) on the survival rate was compared in immediately restored, nonrestored, and submerged implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients received periodontal treatment after which "all in one" implant surgery was performed: hopeless teeth were extracted, debridement around remaining adjacent teeth was performed, implants were inserted and, in some cases, a prefabricated screw-retained provisional restoration was immediately delivered. Insertion torque and ISQ were recorded at baseline and 6 and 12 months postsurgery. RESULTS: Nineteen patients were treated, and 74 implants were placed. Twelve implants, 10 of which were maxillary, failed in 4 patients. Survival rates were 100% in partial-arch restorations, 94% in the mandible, and 78% in the maxilla. The survival rate of restored implants was 65% in extraction sites versus 94% in healed, nonextraction sites. Implants exhibited a decrease in ISQ at 6 months followed by an increase at 12 months. There were no statistically significant differences in insertion torque or ISQ between failed and successful implants, restored and nonrestored implants, or extraction-site and nonextraction-site implants. Mandibular implants demonstrated higher insertion torque and higher ISQ at baseline and 6 and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, immediate restoration of dental implants in periodontally susceptible patients had a variable success rate. Several factors were shown to affect these results.     

“All-on-4”种植即刻修复技术的临床应用研究

目的：评价应用＂All-on-4＂种植即刻修复技术对牙列缺失患者进行种植即刻修复的临床效果,探讨其技术要点及临床意义。方法：2008年4月至2009年11月共29例患者（男15例,女14例）接受了＂All-on-4＂种植即刻修复。29例（上无牙颌8例,下无牙颌15例,双颌无牙颌6例）共植入140枚种植体,在种植体植入当天完成即刻修复,一共完成35件＂All-on-4＂即刻义齿。即刻修复后观察种植体边缘骨吸收情况、追踪种植体和即刻修复体的存留率、患者满意率。平均追踪14.8个月（10～29个月）。结果：140枚种植体中,8枚于植入后6～8周脱落。其余132枚种植体至最后一次复查临床稳定,种植体存留率：94.3%。上颌种植体存留率89.3%,下颌种植体存留率97.8%,存在统计学差异（p〈0.05）。即刻修复义齿的存留率94%（33/35）。边缘骨吸收程度为（0.8±0.4）mm。患者满意率100%。结论：＂All-on-4＂种植即刻修复技术应用于无牙颌患者近期效果好,患者满意度高。远期效果需要进一步观察。     

Immediate placement in extraction sites followed by immediate loading: a pilot study and case presentation

The purpose of the study was to compare the results of implants immediately loaded in edentulous sites with implants loaded immediately in extraction sites. Since December 1998, we selected a small group of patients for immediate or early loading. Seventy-five implants were placed in nine jaws of seven patients. Two of the patients received implants in both the maxilla and mandible. Of the 75 implants placed, 29 were placed in immediate extraction sites. Twenty-six of the 29 that were placed in immediate extraction sites were loaded in less than 3 weeks. Of the 75 implants placed, 62 were loaded early (less than 3 weeks). Two implants have been lost. The remaining 13 implants were buried and allowed to heal in the customary manner. None of the buried implants failed. One of the implants lost was in an extraction site and one was in a nonextraction site. Of the 33 implants that were placed in edentulous areas and immediately loaded, one was lost. This is compared with the 29 implants placed in extraction sites that were immediately loaded. We conclude that the success rates for implants immediately loaded in extraction sites and edentulous sites are comparable.     

Radiographic changes around immediately restored dental implants in periodontally susceptible patients: 1-year results

PURPOSE: There is little information available about radiographic bone changes around immediately restored implants in periodontally compromised patients. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of immediate restoration on radiographic bone changes and to compare radiographic changes between arches and between healed and extraction sites in periodontally susceptible patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients received periodontal treatment. "All in one" implant surgery was then performed: Hopeless teeth were extracted, debridement around remaining adjacent teeth was performed, implants were inserted guided by a surgical stent, and a prefabricated screwed provisional restoration was immediately delivered on selected implants. Periapical radiographs using a parallelism appliance were taken at implant surgery and 6 and 12 months postsurgery. The distance between the alveolar crest and the implant shoulder was measured at the mesial and distal aspect of each implant. Bone changes were compared between immediately restored, submerged, and nonrestored implants; between arches; and between healed and extraction sites. RESULTS: Nineteen patients received 74 implants. Twelve implants in 4 patients failed within the first 6 months. Mean bone changes (+/- SE) between baseline and 12 months ranged between -1.19 +/- 0.19 mm and -1.88 +/- 0.3 mm. No difference was found between restored versus nonrestored sites or between maxillary and mandibular sites. Bone loss was slightly higher in healed sites. CONCLUSIONS: First-year bone changes around immediately restored dental implants in periodontally susceptible patients were slightly higher than most reports in the literature. This indicates a potential influence of periodontal disease on the success rate of dental implants.     

Morse taper connection implants supporting "planned" maxillary and mandibular bar-retained overdentures: a 5-year prospective multicenter study

Objectives: In contrast to the excellent long‐term outcomes described for implant‐supported mandibular overdentures, less favorable long‐term survival and success rates have been reported for maxillary implants supporting overdentures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of “planned” bar‐retained maxillary and mandibular overdentures supported by Morse taper connection implants, investigating implant survival, peri‐implant tissue health, marginal bone resorption and prosthetic complications. Material and methods: Over a 2‐year period, 60 patients were enrolled in this study, in four different clinical centers. The overdentures (maxilla 38, mandible 34) were planned with support from four implants anchored on a bar. A total of 288 Morse taper connection implants (Leone Implant System^®) were inserted (152 maxilla, 136 mandible). Implants were evaluated 5 years after insertion. Success criteria included the absence of pain, suppuration or clinical mobility, the distance between implant shoulder and first crestal bone–implant contact (DIB) <2 mm and no exudate history. Results: The overall 5‐year implant survival rate was 98% (maxilla 97.4%, mandible 98.6%), with 282 implants still in function. Among these surviving implants, 278 (98.6%) were classified in the success group. At the 5‐year examination, the mean DIB was 0.7 mm (±0.53). Few prosthetic complications were reported. Conclusions: With “planned” bar‐retained maxillary and mandibular overdentures supported by Morse taper connection implants, satisfactory survival and success rate can be achieved. To cite this article:
Mangano C, Mangano F, Shibli JA, Ricci M, Sammons R, Figliuzzi M. Morse taper connection implants supporting “planned” maxillary and mandibular bar‐retained overdentures: a 5‐year prospective multicenter study.
Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 22 , 2011; 1117–1124
doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02079.x     

Prosthetic success with a maxillary immediate-loading protocol in the multiple-risk patient

The application of immediate loading of implants in the edentulous maxilla in multiple-risk patients is presented. Five partially edentulous patients attended with failing prostheses supported by hopeless teeth. An immediate-loading protocol was proposed because the patients rejected provisionalization with a removable prosthesis. Multiple teeth were extracted, and 44 immediately loaded implants were placed, most of them (55.5% to 88.9%) in fresh extraction sites, to support a cross-arch prosthesis that was loaded 3 to 4 days after surgery. The overall implant failure rate was 13.4%; in healed sites it was 20% (2/10) and in fresh extraction sites it was 8.82% (3/34). Prosthetic success was 100%. The overall failure rate was higher than is usually seen with the standard delayed-loading approach. Nevertheless, this immediate-loading protocol was satisfactory for the patients and the practitioner because prosthetic success was maintained during the provisionalization phase.     

Treatment outcomes for adolescent ectodermal dysplasia patients treated with dental implants

To evaluate dental implant survival in patients with ectodermal dysplasia (ED). To assess patterns of hypodontia in this patient group. METHOD:. A retrospective analysis of the use of dental implants in ED patients treated at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. RESULTS: Sixty-one implants were placed into 14 patients (nine male and five female). The mean age of patients receiving maxillary implants was 18 years 6 months (range 17 years 9 months-20 years 0 months) and mandibular implants was 17 years 5 months (range 12 years 2 months-21 years 11 months). The mean follow-up period was 3 years 4 months (range 1 year 18 months-5 years 1 month). Forty-three implants were placed in the anterior mandible, three in the posterior mandible and the remaining 15 in the anterior maxilla. Of the 61 implants placed, 54 [88.5%] successfully integrated and were able to be restored. Three of the 15 implants placed into the anterior maxilla [20%] failed, while four of the 46 in the anterior mandible failed [8.7%]. Five of the 14 patients [35.7%] had at least one implant fail prior to abutment connection. At the 12-month review appointments, 41 of the integrated 54 implants [76%] were reviewed and classed as successful, giving an overall success at follow up of 67.2%. Thirteen implants [21.3%] were unable to be reviewed owing to geographical reasons. Teeth most likely to be present in the maxilla were the central incisors [71%], first molars [54%] and canines [43%], whereas in the mandible they were the canines [53%] and the first premolars and first molars [40%]. CONCLUSIONS: Dental implants can be placed, restored and loaded in ED patients. Maxillary teeth most likely to be present are the central incisors, canines and first molars, whereas in the mandible the canines, first premolars and molars are most likely to be present. Prior to cessation of growth, implant placement in the symphyseal region of the anterior mandible may be performed with caution. Despite the limited numbers and with due consideration to jaw development, the results support the continual use of endosseous dental implants in this group of patients for optimal clinical outcomes.     

Restoration with implants in patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and patient satisfaction with the implant-supported superstructure

PURPOSE: The use of endosseous implants in the prosthetic restoration of edentulous patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) may provide improved outcomes when compared with traditional prosthetic methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of placing endosseous implants in patients with RDEB and to compare the treatment outcomes of fixed and removable implant-supported restorations in the edentulous maxilla or mandible with the main emphasis on patient response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six patients with RDEB were treated with implants. All patients were completely edentulous in either the maxilla or mandible and had marked oral involvement, with alterations in the soft and hard tissues in all cases. Three patients were treated with fixed, screw-retained implant-supported prostheses, and 3 were treated with removable implant-supported prostheses. Six months after prosthetic restoration, patients were given a questionnaire to assess their psychologic well-being and satisfaction with the implant-supported restoration marked on a visual analog scale. RESULTS: A total of 38 dental implants (21 maxillary, 17 mandibular) were placed in 6 patients. The implant success rate was 97.9%. The average follow-up from implant placement was 5.5 years (range, 1 to 9). The fixed and removable implant-supported prostheses were associated with improvements in comfort and retention, function, esthetics and appearance, taste, speech, and self-esteem. The level of satisfaction was slightly higher in patients with a fixed prosthesis. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that endosseous implants can be successfully placed and provide support for prostheses in patients with RDEB. Patients with fixed prostheses and overdentures were satisfied with their implant-supported prostheses in the edentulous maxilla and mandible.     

Immediate rehabilitation of the completely edentulous jaw with fixed prostheses supported by either upright or tilted implants: a multicenter clinical study

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to assess the treatment outcome of immediately loaded full-arch screw-retained prostheses with distal extensions supported by both upright and tilted implants for the rehabilitation of edentulous jaws and to compare the outcomes of upright versus tilted implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At 4 study centers, 342 Osseotite NT implants were consecutively placed in 65 patients (96 implants were placed in 24 mandibles and 246 implants in 41 maxillae). The 2 distal implants were tilted by 25 to 35 degrees. Provisional full-arch restorations made of a titanium framework and acrylic resin teeth were delivered within 48 hours of surgery and immediately loaded. The final prosthesis was delivered after 3 months of healing. RESULTS: Three implants failed during the first year and another 2 within 18 months of loading in the maxilla. The cumulative implant survival rate for the maxilla was 97.59% for up to 40 months of follow-up. No implant failure was recorded for the mandible. The prosthetic success rate was 100%. Marginal bone loss around upright and tilted implants was similar. Patients were satisfied of their esthetics, phonetics, and function. CONCLUSION: The preliminary results of this study suggest that immediate rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla and mandible by a hybrid prosthesis supported by 6 or 4 implants, respectively, may represent a viable treatment alternative with respect to more demanding surgical procedures. The clinical results indicate that immediately loaded tilted implants may achieve the same outcome as upright implants in both jaws.