72例原发性小肠肿瘤的临床分析

目的 探讨小肠原发性肿瘤的外科诊治经验，以提高对原发性小肠肿瘤的诊治水平。方法 回顾性分析1988—2002年收治的72例原发性小肠肿瘤的临床资料。结果 72例中，良性肿瘤占20．8％(15／72)，恶性肿瘤占79．2％(57／72)。良性肿瘤以腺瘤及平滑肌瘤多见，各占40．0％(6／15)。恶性肿瘤以腺癌多见，占36.8％(21／57)，其次为恶性淋巴瘤，占30．0％(17／57)。X线检查是主要诊断手段，B超、CT、内镜、肠系膜血管造影也有助于诊断。本组术前误诊率为62．5％。全组均行手术治疗，其中急诊手术率为33．3％(25／72)，术前主要以急性肠梗阻、消化道出血、穿孔、急性阑尾炎等为主要诊断。本组无手术死亡。恶性肿瘤1，3，5年生存率分别为72．5％，47．5％，25．0％。结论 小肠肿瘤术前诊断困难，误诊率与急诊手术率高。选择性动脉造影和小肠分段造影是空回肠肿瘤的重要诊断手段；低张造影和纤维内镜检查是诊断十二指肠肿瘤的最佳选择。一经诊断，手术治疗是最佳选择。     

原发性小肠肿瘤170例临床分析

回顾分析了原发性小肠肿瘤170例,其中良性肿瘤45例,平滑肌瘤居首位;恶性125例,以腺癌和恶性淋巴瘤居多。良性肿瘤平均年龄40岁;恶性淋巴瘤好发于40岁以下,而腺癌和平滑肌肉瘤则多见于40岁以上。肿瘤多集中于十二指肠、空肠上段和回肠下段(92％);部位越高,腺癌的发病越高,而恶性淋巴瘤多在较低部位,平滑肌肿瘤则多见于空肠。类癌少见。46％的恶性淋巴瘤呈多发。平滑肌瘤直径多少于5cm(79％),平滑肌肉瘤则多大于5cm(83.％)。11例(24％)良性肿瘤无症状且因其它疾病施行手术而被发现;而99％的恶性肿瘤有症状。腹痛、腹块和消化道出血是主要临床表现。术前诊断率23％。75％的恶性肿瘤术中发现转移。恶性肿瘤手术切除率为78％,手术死亡率为5.7％。结合文献对原发性小肠肿瘤的发病情况、病理和临床特点,以及误诊率高的有关问题进行了探讨。     

原发性小肠恶性肿瘤的临床误诊分析

目的 分析原发性小肠恶性肿瘤的临床病理特征及其误诊原因。方法 回顾性分析近21年收治并经病理证实的90例原发性小肠恶性肿瘤的临床资料。结果 病理类型以腺癌、平滑肌肉瘤、恶性淋巴瘤、恶性神经鞘膜瘤为主。主要临床表现为腹痛、出血、贫血、腹块、黄疸、消瘦、肠梗阻等。术前诊断符合率22．2％。术前误诊率为77．8％，多误诊为其他肖化系统疾病及盆腔疾病。结论 原发性小肠恶性肿瘤以腺癌、平滑肌肉瘤、恶性淋巴瘤、恶性神经鞘膜瘤为多见。临床表现缺乏特异性，检查手段相对不足，易导致延误诊断，临床医生应提高对小肠恶性肿瘤的认识。     

多层螺旋CT扫描在原发性小肠肿瘤诊断中的价值

目的评价多层螺旋CT对原发性小肠肿瘤的诊断价值及其临床意义。方法回顾性分析19例经X线检查及病理证实的原发性小肠肿瘤（十二指肠和壶腹周围肿瘤除外）的临床资料，并对术前影像学资料（全消化道钡餐X线造影、CT、B超检查）进行对比分析。结果本组19例原发性小肠肿瘤中小肠腺癌9例，间质瘤5例，恶性淋巴瘤4例，腺瘤1例，阳性检出比分别为：CT为79％；超声为16％；全消化道钡餐X线造影42％。多层螺旋CT对小肠肿瘤的检出率明显优于X线钡餐造影和超声，（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论多层螺旋CT对小肠原发性肿瘤的诊断具有重要价值，已成为目前检查小肠原发性肿瘤最主要的方法。     

原发性小肠肿瘤致肠套叠临床分析

为了探讨原发性小肠肿瘤所致肠套叠的诊断和治疗特点，对８６例因原发性小肠肿瘤所致的肠套叠进行了临床分析，其中良性肿瘤３９例，主要分布在空肠，多系平滑肌瘤，腺癌和脂肪瘤；恶性肿瘤４７例，主要分布在回肠，多系恶性淋巴瘤，腺癌和平滑肌肉瘤。     

胃平滑肌瘤与平滑肌肉瘤

胃平滑肌瘤与平滑肌肉瘤中山医科大学附属第一医院胃肠外科（５１００８０）王吉甫胃平滑肌肿瘤发生于胃壁平滑肌组织，较为少见。在胃的非上皮性肿瘤中仅次于淋巴瘤占第二位［１］。平滑肌肿瘤多发生于胃，这种肿瘤主要分类３类，平滑肌瘤（良性）、平滑肌肉瘤（恶性）和...     

原发性小肠恶性肿瘤的临床分析

目的分析原发性小肠恶性肿瘤的临床诊断和病理特点。方法回顾性分析近17年收治并经病理证实的23例原发性小肠恶性肿瘤的临床资料。结果主要临床表现为腹痛、腹部包块、出血、肠梗阻等。术前诊断符合率56．5％，疑诊率17．4％，误诊率26．1％。病理类型以恶性间质瘤、腺癌、平滑肌肉瘤、恶性淋巴瘤为主。结论原发性小肠恶性肿瘤临床表现缺乏特异性，检查手段相对不足，容易延误诊断。     

原发性十二指肠肿瘤14例临床分析

目的 探讨提高原发性十二指肠肿瘤的诊断率及治疗水平。方法 对近10年来经手术证实的14例原发性十二指肠肿瘤(本组不包括十二指肠乳头肿瘤)临床表现、手术及病理进行回顾性分析。结果 原发性十二指肠肿瘤恶性肿瘤12例，良性肿瘤2例，良、恶性之比为1：6。恶性肿瘤主要为腺癌(8例)，平滑肌肉瘤(3例)，恶性淋巴瘤1例。上腹隐痛、隐匿性体重下降、大便隐血(“三隐”症状)是最常见临床表现。术前纤维或电子十二指肠镜确诊率为70％，上消化道造影为67％，CT发现率为60％，全组中行胰十二指肠切除术5例，扩大十二指肠节段切除术(包括胃十二指肠切除术及十二指肠第3、4段加空肠上段切除术)6例，十二指肠节段切除术2例，1例行旁路手术．切除率93％。结论 纤维或电子十二指肠镜和上消化道造影是诊断PTD的主要手段，恶性肿瘤首选胰十二指肠切除术，十二指肠第3、4段肿瘤未浸润胰腺者可行扩大十二指肠节段切除术。十二指肠良性肿瘤可行节段切除术。     

小肠肿瘤并发症的诊断与治疗

原发性小肠肿瘤约占全身肿瘤的0．2％,占消化道肿瘤的4％,占胃肠道肿瘤的3％～6％,男女比率为（1～3）：1,良恶性肿瘤比为1：（2．6～4．6）。以往数据表明空、回肠良性肿瘤以平滑肌瘤最多,近年的研究表明约75％的平滑肌瘤均应归入到胃肠间质瘤（GIST）中,故目前小肠良性肿瘤的常见程度依次为脂肪瘤、腺瘤、血管瘤、神经纤维瘤等,恶性肿瘤的常见程度依次为胃肠道间质瘤、恶性淋巴瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、腺癌、内癌等。     

十二指肠平滑肌肿瘤的诊断及治疗

目的：探讨十二指肠平滑肌瘤的诊断及治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析1987年至2001年手术切除并经病理证实的7例十二指肠平滑肌肿瘤。结果：十二指肠平滑肌瘤4例、平滑肌肉瘤3例。本病缺乏典型症状，早期诊断困难。本组病人均行手术治疗，取得良好疗效。结论：上消化道出血是本病常见的症状，上消化道造影、胃十二指肠镜及CT扫描是主要的诊断方法。外科手术是首选的治疗方法。     

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating brain tumor

Brain tumors are frequently treated with steroids due to the presence of peritumoral edema. However, in Japan it is not widely recognized that primary brain tumor patients who are receiving steroid therapy become susceptible to Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). We reviewed the clinical features and risk factors for PCP in brain tumor patients treated at our institution between 1994 and 2002. The treated cases consisted of 6 men and 6 women ranging in age from 47 to 78 yr (mean age 65.3). Underlying diseases included malignant glioma in 9 patients, malignant lymphoma in 2 patients and meningioma in one patient. All were diagnosed by respiratory disease specialists using bronchial washings and bronchoalveolar lavage or chest X ray/CT image. Radiation therapies were administered with 20 to 60 Gy (mean 52.9 Gy) except in one patient. Chemotherapy was performed with ranimustine in 4 malignant glioma patients and with methotrexate in 2 malignant lymphoma patients. Prednisone, begun perioperatively, was reduced gradually from a mean initial dosage of 38.3 mg/day orally. The duration of steroid treatment at the onset of PCP in these patients ranged from 41 to 79 days (mean 61.4 days). Six patients (50%) died of PCP despite appropriate antibiotic therapy and 2 patients needed intensive therapy with a respirator. For early diagnosis of PCP, periodic serological (e.g.; the level of lactate dehydrogenase and beta-D-glucan) and radiological examination (e.g.; chest X ray and CT image) is indicated in patients with brain tumors, and prophylaxis against PCP might be needed for patients with intracranial neoplasms and who are also receiving high-dose and long-term steroid treatment.     

Primary malignant tumors of the small bowel

Primary malignant tumors of the small bowel are uncommon and are often diagnosed at an advanced stage. A 10 year survey (1967 to 1977) of the clinical records at one hospital revealed 39 cases of primary malignant tumors of the small bowel. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain (89.7 percent) and weight loss (77 percent). Six patients presented with complications of enterovesical fistula, bleeding and perforation. Preoperative diagnosis was suspected in 27 cases (69.2 percent). Adenocarcinoma was the most common tumor, followed by carcinoid tumor, lymphoma, leiomyosarcoma and melanoma. The treatment of choice was surgical resection whenever possible. Curative resection was attempted in 25 cases. Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy was used in four patients with lymphoma. Twenty-seven patients (69.2 percent) are alive from 1 to 6 years after diagnosis and treatment. The 5 year survival rate is 35 percent. Earlier diagnosis is essential if the prognosis for patients with small bowel malignancy is to be improved.     

Primary tumors of the small intestine

Seventy-two malignant and 19 benign tumors were seen at the Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Illinois, from 1950 to 1976. Of these, 44 malignant and 14 benign tumors were seen in the clinical setting--the remainder were found at autopsy. Carcinoid tumors were the most common malignant tumors, followed by adenocarcinoma, lymphoma and leiomyosarcoma. Patients with malignant tumors usually presented with abdominal pain, vomiting and weight loss. The most common clinical signs were anemia, abdominal tenderness and abdominal distention. The most useful diagnostic tests were upper GI series and plain x-ray of the abdomen. Twenty-one (50%) five year survivals and 14 (33%) ten year survivals were obtained with small bowel malignancies. The majority of the five and ten year survivals were patients who had carcinoid tumors and lymphoma. Various theories on the causation of small bowel malignancies are discussed.     

原发性阴茎恶性淋巴瘤1例报告(附文献24例复习)

目的:探讨原发性阴茎恶性淋巴瘤的早期诊断与治疗。方法:根据1例罕见的原发性阴茎恶性淋巴瘤临床诊治经过,结合文献,对其临床特点、鉴别诊断及治疗方法进行分析。并对病理标本的免疫组化酶标特点在临床诊断中的价值进行分析。结果:手术治疗阴茎、睾丸和阴囊病变,术后予化疗。本例免疫酶标提示CD56+,颗粒酶B、穿孔素阳性;CD3(+/-),表面CD3阴性,胞质CD3ε阳性。结论:阴茎原发性恶性淋巴瘤可行手术、局部放疗、全身化疗的综合治疗方法,深部活检及免疫组化检查是最主要的诊断方法。     

小肠系膜肿瘤的CT表现及其鉴别诊断

目的 总结原发及转移性小肠系膜肿瘤的CT征象及重要鉴别诊断。方法 在复习小肠系膜的解剖、肿瘤转移到小肠系膜途径的基础上，讨论了原发及转移性小肠系膜肿瘤的常见及少见类型、CT表现及主要鉴别诊断。结果 CT特别是多排螺旋CT检查可以很好地显示小肠系膜肿瘤，结合临床病史和其他相关资料，可与炎性及血管性病变相鉴别。结论 CT是评价小肠系膜肿瘤的首要影像学检查方法。     

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A diagnosis to be kept in mind (Case report and literature review)

IntroductionSuperior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome or what is called Wiklie’s syndrome is one of the rare causes of small bowel obstruction. Its exact incidence is not known. It is due to decrease in Aortomesenteric angle.Case presentationA thirty-Four-year old male patient presented to our accident and emergency (department) with 3 days history of epigastric pain, which was not radiating anywhere. It had no aggravating or relieving factors. Patient complained of repeated attack of vomiting as well. Contrast enhanced Computed tomography (CT) showed duodenal obstruction caused by superior mesenteric artery compression on 3rd part of duodenum.DiscussionSuperior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMA) is one of the rare causes of small bowel obstruction. Incidence of superior mesenteric artery syndrome reported in literature is ranging from 0.1 to 0.3%. The most common cause is significant weight loss which leads to loss of retroperitoneal fat. Treatment usually is conservative but surgical intervention should be considered if that failed.ConclusionSuperior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction but should be kept in mind. Persistent vomiting after history of weight loss should raise the suspicion of this diagnosis. Upper GI endoscopy may be necessary to exclude mechanical causes of duodenal obstruction. Contrast enhanced CT scan is useful in the diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome and can provide diagnostic information.     

原发性小肠恶性肿瘤的95例诊治分析

目的探讨原发性小肠恶性肿瘤的临床表现、病理特点及诊治方法。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2009年12月间收治95例原发性小肠恶性肿瘤的临床、病理和随访资料。结果95例原发小肠恶性肿瘤中以腺癌最常见,其次为问质瘤、淋巴瘤和神经内分泌肿瘤。临床主要表现为非特异性腹痛、腹部不适、腹部肿块、消化道出血、肠梗阻、黄疸等。本组根治性（R0）切除率为61．1％（58／95）,术前诊断率为61．1％（58／95）,随访3～5年,平均存活期（32±15．7）个月。结论原发性小肠恶性肿瘤缺乏特异性临床表现,早期诊断困难,改善预后的关键在于早期诊断和治疗。CT具有较好诊断价值,外科手术仍是唯一可获治愈的手段,化疗和分子靶向治疗在内的综合治疗也扮演了重要角色。     

Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Small Intestine: a Case Report

The small intestine is the most common site of gastro-intestinal metastasis from cutaneous malignant melanoma. A primary origin at this site has been reported in rare cases. We report a case of a 71-year-old man with a primary malignant melanoma in the jejunum. The patient presented with weakness, weight loss, non-specific abdominal pain and episodes of fainting. After clinical examination, laboratory evaluation and radiological work-up, which included CT of the abdomen, the patient was diagnosed with a tumour mass in the jejunum. This diagnosis was confirmed at laparotomy. The patient underwent enterectomy with wide excision of the tumour. A primary malignant melanoma of the small intestine is an extremely rare neoplasm.

A definite diagnosis can only be made after a thorough investigation has been made to exclude the co-existence of a primary lesion elsewhere. Curative resection of the tumour remains the treatment of choice.     

Ruptured cerebral aneurysm followed by primary intracranial malignant lymphoma: case report

Reported herein is a case of ruptured anterior cerebral aneurysm followed by primary intracranial malignant lymphoma. A 73-year-old female was admitted to our hospital on October 20, 1986, with a severe subarachnoid hemorrhage. Microsurgery was performed immediately on the day of admission because cerebral angiography revealed bilateral distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms. Consciousness gradually deteriorated due to cerebral vasospasm from the 3rd day following surgery. To protect the brain, corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 1500 mg, dexamethasone 252 mg) was administered for 26 days after surgery. In spite of treatment, in March 1987 neurological examination revealed akinetic mutism, but CT scan did not reveal any evidence of tumor. CT scan performed on May 2, 1987, revealed a mass lesion in the left frontotemporal lobes and left basal ganglia. Histological diagnosis of malignant lymphoma (diffuse, large-cell type) was obtained by stereotactic biopsy. Radiotherapy (41 Gy of 60Co) was carried out. The CT scan performed on August 26, 1987 revealed that the abnormal enhanced lesion had disappeared. However, neurological findings had not remarkably improved. The patient died of renal failure in February 1988, but tumor recurrence had not been noted in CT scans. Autopsy could not be performed. Whole body CT scan and 67Gd scintigram did not reveal any other tumors except in the brain. Ruptured cerebral aneurysm followed by primary intracranial malignant lymphoma is very rarely reported. In such cases, which have unusual clinical courses and CT findings, we recommend stereotactic biopsy to treat this kind of radiosensitive tumor. The connection between malignant lymphoma and immunosuppression has been considered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)