真实临床条件下国产西罗莫司药物支架的临床评价

目的观察国产西罗莫司药物支架的临床和造影随访效果。方法选择北京安贞医院心内科自2006年8月至2007年10月516例应用国产西罗莫司药物支架的患者,于置入支架9个月（±2个月）后进行电话或门诊随访主要心血管事件（MACE,包括心源性死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、靶血管血运重建）的发生率,尽量进行冠状动脉造影随访,观察患者MACE事件总发生率;同时观察糖尿病亚组的治疗效果;初步评价各种类型病变,包括左主干病变、分叉病变、慢性闭塞病变、钙化病变、开口病变、小血管病变、急性闭塞病变、再狭窄病变的治疗效果;评价药物支架对于以上各类病变的疗效。结果516例患者共置入国产西罗莫司药物支架872枚,成功率为99.5%,其中随访到482例,随访率93.4%。随访到的患者中有18例患者发生MACE事件,发生率为3.5%。造影随访共239例患者,占总例数的46.3%,再狭窄率为11.3%。糖尿病亚组再狭窄率为14%。并对左主干病变、分叉病变、弥漫病变、慢性闭塞病变、小血管病变、钙化病变、急性闭塞病变、开口病变、再狭窄病变分别进行了描述。结论大样本研究显示应用国产西罗莫司药物支架可以取得比较好的疗效。糖尿病亚组患者应用国产药物支架效果良好、初步判断国产药物支架对于弥漫、开口、小血管、再狭窄病变有较好的疗效;对于左主干病变、分艾病变的疗效提示有益的结果,需要继续总结观察。     

国产Partner支架治疗无保护左主干病变的即刻及近期疗效观察

目的评价国产西罗莫司药物洗脱支架（Partner支架）在无保护左主干病变介入治疗中的安全性及有效性。方法入选42例无保护左主干病变患者,选择Partner支架完成左主干介入治疗。术后采用门诊随访、电话随访和住院随访,观察即刻及近期疗效,记录主要不良心脏事件发生率。结果42例无保护左主干病变全部成功置入支架。其中,左主干开口及体部病变14例患者中,采用直接支架置入术4例,行球囊预扩张后置入支架10例;左主干远端分叉病变28例患者中,采用主支支架加边支架术8例,经典Crush技术17例,Mini-Crush技术3例。42例患者,术中1例未完成最后对吻技术,术后3个月发生支架内再狭窄,不良心脏事件发生率（2.4%）。结论国产Partner支架治疗无保护左主干病变安全、有效。     

不稳定型心绞痛无保护左主干病变支架术后随访研究

目的　探讨冠状动脉内支架治疗无保护左主干病变 (LMD)的安全性及有效性。方法　2 7例LMD经球囊预扩张后置入支架。术后 6和 12个月行冠状动脉造影随访。结果　左主干开口病变 12例、体部 4例、末端 6例 (累及分叉开口 6例、单纯末端 1例 ) ,自开口到体部均狭窄者 5例 (含自开口处就完全闭塞 1例 )。术后 12个月时 ,左心室射血分数从 4 9 8%增加到 5 6 3% (P <0 0 5 )。球囊扩张时 2 0例 ( 6 2 % )出现显著心率减慢和血压下降。共置入 2 8枚支架 ,其中左主干内 2 7枚 ,主干内支架直径 ( 3 90± 0 4 7)mm、长度 ( 12 5 4± 3 95 )mm。全部患者均完成 12个月的临床随访 ,19例 ( 70 % )患者接受 6个月时冠状动脉造影 ,3例支架内再狭窄 ( 15 % ) ,其中 2例接受冠状动脉旁路术 ,1例行血管内放射治疗 ;术后 12个月时 15例 ( 5 5 % )行冠状动脉造影随访 ,1例再狭窄行冠状动脉旁路术 ,因此术后 12个月内累积再狭窄率为 2 1%。 4例再狭窄患者中 ,3例为末端病变 ( 75 % ) ,1例为开口病变( 2 5 % )。结论　冠状动脉内支架治疗LMD疗效可靠 ,冠状动脉造影随访可及时发现再狭窄。左主干末端病变再狭窄率显著。     

雷帕霉素洗脱支架在急性冠状动脉综合征中的应用

目的 观察雷帕霉素洗脱支架(CypherTM)对急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)的疗效.方法 选择住院的接受雷帕霉素洗脱支架植入的ACS 83例,在支架植入术后9个月内,进行电话或门诊随访,冠状动脉造影或冠状动脉螺旋CT扫描,计算不良心脏事件发生率,评价合并糖尿病及其它病变的疗效.结果 83例患者共植入支架112枚,植入成功率为98.8%.接受冠状动脉造影29例(34.9%),接受冠状动脉螺旋计算机断层扫描1例.发生主要不良心脏事件10例,发生率12.0%,其中猝死1例,再发心肌梗死1例,再次血运重建8例(1例为新的病变),与支架相关的再狭窄及血栓事件发生率为10.8%(9/83);糖尿病、弥漫病变、重叠支架、高血脂时再狭窄率分别为13.3%,11.1%,11.1%和8.5%.结论 雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗ACS安全、可靠;弯曲、弥漫、较长的冠状动脉病变或合并糖尿病者,出现再狭窄的概率增加.     

雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架在冠心病复杂病变中应用的近远期疗效

目的　评价雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架 (Cypher)应用的临床近、远期疗效。方法　对 2 0 0 2年 4月至 2 0 0 3年 12月期间 4 0 0例冠心病患者 4 15处病变置入 4 5 0个Cypher支架的临床近、远期疗效进行统计学分析。在 4 15处病变中弥漫性病变 12 6处 (30 4 % )、分叉病变 98处 (2 3 6 % )、慢性完全闭塞性病变 5 5处 (13 3% )、支架内再狭窄病变 4 5处 (10 8% )、开口部病变 2 3处 (5 5 % )。结果支架置入成功率为 99 5 % ,术中和住院期间无死亡 ,2例发生急性心肌梗死 ,住院期间主要心脏不良事件发生率为 0 5 % (2 / 4 0 0 ) ,35 7例患者随访超过 6个月 ,1例死于癌症 ,2例发生急性心肌梗死 ,9例进行了靶血管重建 ,主要心脏不良事件发生率为 2 5 %。 6～ 8个月的冠状动脉造影再狭窄率为8 8% (支架内为 3 8% ) ,靶病变重建率为 1 9%。结论　有选择地应用Cypher支架是安全和有效的 ,在适当放宽病变的适应证后 ,其支架内再狭窄率仍明显低于普通金属支架。     

紫杉醇药物洗脱支架在复杂病变中的临床近、远期疗效评价

目的:评价紫杉醇药物洗脱支架(TAXUS)应用的临床疗效.方法:对2003年4月～12月间241例置入308个TAXUS支架的临床疗效进行统计学分析.在241例282处病变中弥漫性病变86处(30.5%),分叉病变56处(19.9%),慢性完全闭塞病变4l处(14.5%),支架内再狭窄33处(11.7%),开口部病变24处(8.5%),左冠状动脉主干病变7处(2.5%)以及小血管病变或其它病变35处(12.4%).结果:支架置入成功率为99.0%,术中无死亡,无急性血栓形成和急性血管闭塞发生,支架置入后分支血管发生闭塞12例(21.4%),住院期间死亡1例(死于出血性休克),发生急性心肌梗死2例(均由分支闭塞所致),住院期间心脏事件发生率为1.2%,199例患者随访超过6个月,1例院外猝死,2例发生急性心肌梗死,7例靶血管重建,心脏事件发生率为4.5%,靶病变重建率为3.0%.结论:与TAXUS I～IV研究相比,本研究放宽病变的适应证后其再狭窄发生率仅轻度升高,提示对于复杂病变应用TAXUS仍是安全和有效的.     

国产雷帕霉素洗脱支架介入治疗冠状动脉无保护左主干病变的疗效分析

目的观察国产雷帕霉素洗脱支架（FirebirdTM）介入治疗冠状动脉无保护左主干严重狭窄病变的疗效。方法对2004年1月—2008年12月住院的冠心病无保护左主干病变患者36例,行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗置入FirebirdTM支架,观察住院期间和出院后心脏事件发生率。结果在左主干狭窄36例中,左主干开口狭窄16例,体部狭窄7例,末端分叉病变13例。置入FirebirdTM支架均获得成功,无死亡病例。随访6~9个月1例发生再狭窄,均未发生亚急性或延迟性支架内血栓形成,无严重不良心血管事件发生。结论 FirebirdTM支架对冠心病无保护左主干严重狭窄病变患者近期疗效明显,能减少不良心血管事件发生。     

药物洗脱支架再狭窄特点及相关因素分析

目的分析药物洗脱支架(DES)再狭窄的特点及可能的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析2006年1月1日至2012年5月1日于北京大学人民医院行冠状动脉造影复查的病例,将符合要求的病例分为支架再狭窄组217例、非支架再狭窄组420例,分析DES再狭窄的特点及可能的相关危险因素。结果糖尿病、较小的血管直径、重叠置入支架、分叉病变、钙化病变、开口病变、支架断裂与DES再狭窄相关,DES再狭窄多为局限性再狭窄,但是前降支开口病变多表现为弥漫增生性再狭窄。结论糖尿病、较小的血管直径、重叠置入支架、分叉病变、钙化病变、开口病变与支架断裂是DES再狭窄的危险因素。前降支开口病变置入DES后的再狭窄类型多为弥漫增生性,与其他类型病变不同。     

药物洗脱球囊在冠状动脉特殊病变介入治疗中的应用分析

目的分析药物洗脱球囊（DEB）在再狭窄病变、支架内闭塞病变、分叉病变及小血管病变中的应用情况。方法根据冠状动脉造影结果选择不同型号的DEB,严格按照DEB使用要求进行操作。结果 DEB在支架内再狭窄病变中应用26例（27处病变）,使用28个DEB,其中左主干（LM）1个、左前降支（LAD）12个、右冠状动脉（RCA）12个、回旋支（LCX）1个、钝缘支（OM）2个,出现1例冠状动脉夹层,给予裸金属支架置入;DEB在分叉病变中应用27例（28处病变）,使用28个DEB,其中LM至LCX开口6个、LM至LAD开口1个、LAD与第一对角支（D1）开口17个、LCX至OM 2个、RCA至左心室后支（PL）2个;DEB在小血管病变中应用13例（13处病变）,使用13个DEB,其中LCX 6个、LAD 3个、D1 2个、OM 1个、PL 1个;DEB在支架内闭塞病变中应用10例（10处病变）,使用12个DEB,其中LAD 8个、LCX 2个、OM 1个、中间支1个。术中及术后未见并发症发生,随访至今未发生主要不良心血管事件（MACE）。结论 DEB在再狭窄病变、支架内闭塞病变、分叉病变及小血管病变介入治疗过程中是安全的。     

经桡动脉行复杂冠状动脉病变的介入治疗

目的探讨经桡动脉行复杂冠状动脉病变介入治疗的可行性。方法将178例左主干开口病变、分叉病变、慢性闭塞病变、长度≥30mm的长病变、纡曲成角病变及严重钙化病变等复杂冠状动脉病变患者经桡动脉途径进行PCI。结果经桡动脉PCI完成率97.2%。因导引导管支撑力不够,采用双导丝技术18例,采用子母导管技术5例,微导管技术6例,锚技术3例。左主干开口病变8处即刻全部成功。左主干分叉病变双支架置入17例,单支架置入9例。其他分叉病变67处,单支架置入47处,双支架置入20处。双支架置入后对吻球囊扩张成功率100%。34处慢性闭塞病变PCI成功27处。长度≥30mm的长病变91处、纡曲成角病变23处、严重钙化病变27处全部PCI成功。术中支架内血栓2例,住院期间亚急性血栓形成2例。死亡1例。穿刺处并发症:桡动脉闭塞8例,前臂肿胀4例,无血肿及神经损伤。结论经桡动脉途径进行冠状动脉复杂病变的PCI有较高的成功率。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.