同步视频脑电图监测下双导振幅整合脑电图诊断新生儿惊厥的价值

目的 探讨双导振幅整合脑电图(amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram,aEEG)(C3-C4/T3-T4)附加对应的双导原始脑电图(electroencephalogram,EEG)诊断新生儿惊厥的价值及局限性. 方法 2011年1月至7月,对66例入住复旦大学附属儿科医院的临床有惊厥发作或可疑惊厥发作的新生儿,进行床旁视频脑电图(video electroencephalogram,VEEG)监测,时间≥3h.通过Galileo NT PMS软件将原始EEG转化为3种形式aEEG,即单导aEEG(C3-C4)、单导aEEG(C3-C4)附加原始EEG、双导aEEG(C3-C4/T3-T4)附加原始EEG.EEG和aEEG分开判读,VEEG需标记电发作(≥10 s)起始放电灶及放电持续时间,aEEG只进行电发作标记.以VEEG作为标准,采用Spearman相关分析计算aEEG与VEEG识别电发作的相关性.以敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值评估aEEG诊断新生儿惊厥的价值及局限性. 结果 共62例新生儿的脑电图纳入分析.(1)电发作:VEEG发现39例患儿电发作≥1次,其中8例发生癫痫持续状态,31例非癫痫持续状态惊厥.31例非癫痫持续状态惊厥VEEG发现电发作活动累计352次,其中79.3％(279次)以颞中央区为起始放电灶.(2)电发作次数识别敏感性:8例癫痫持续状态,aEEG与VEEG诊断结果一致;VEEG监测到352次非癫痫持续状态电发作,单导aEEG、单导aEEG附加原始EEG和双导aEEG附加原始EEG识别电发作敏感性分别为49.1％(173/352)、54.5％ (192/352)和81.2％ (286/352),各组识别电发作数和VEEG记录的放电灶记录总数均相关(ρ=0.790、0.907和0.953,P均＜0.01).(3)惊厥患儿识别敏感性(≥1次电发作):单导aEEG、单导aEEG附加原始EEG和双导aEEG附加原始EEG识别惊厥患儿的敏感性分别为66.7％ (26/39,95％ CI:0.62～0.81)、74.4％ (29/39,95％CI:0.78～0.96)和89.7％ (35/39,95％CI:0.89～1.00). 结论 结合VEEG,有助于aEEG诊断新生儿惊厥,aEEG添加T3-T4导联及原始EEG可显著提高其对惊厥电发作及惊厥患儿的识别敏感性.     

振幅整合脑电图预测足月儿缺氧缺血性脑病预后的meta分析

目的 评价振幅整合脑电图(amplitude-integrated EEG,aEEG)判断足月儿缺氧缺血性脑病(hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,HIE)预后的价值. 方法 计算机检索EMBASE、Ovid、PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、Springer数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库和万方数据库等数据库,检索时间为各数据库建库时间至2010年6月30日.全面检索aEEG判断新生儿HIE预后的文献,提取纳入文献的特征信息,评价纳入文献质量.采用Meta-Disc1.4软件进行meta 分析,对纳入文献予以加权定量合并,计算汇总敏感度、特异度、阳性似然比、阴性似然比及其95％CI. 结果 共有11篇文献符合既定标准纳入分析,共纳入病例717例.aEEG预测足月新生儿HIE神经发育不良的汇总敏感性为86％(95％ CI:81％～89％)、汇总特异性为90％(95％ CI:86％～93％)、汇总阳性似然比为7.70(95％ CI:5.69～10.43)、汇总阴性似然比0.17(95％ CI:0.13～0.22),汇总受试者工作特性曲线的曲线下面积为0.95. 结论 aEEG是有价值的预测足月儿HIE预后的床旁监测工具.     

Utility of prolonged bedside amplitude-integrated encephalogram in encephalopathic infants

We hypothesized that prolonged bedside limited-channel amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) monitoring following a standard 1-hour conventional electroencephalogram (cEEG) would increase the detection of subclinical seizures and allow continuous evaluation of the background EEG in neonatal encephalopathy. This may identify complementary roles for these EEG technologies in neonatal units where continuous cEEG monitoring may not be readily available. We prospectively recruited 25 term neonates with a diagnosis of neonatal seizures or encephalopathy. All infants underwent a standard 1-hour cEEG followed by 12 to 24 hours of aEEG monitoring. Data from the aEEG (plus the raw signal) were analyzed by an epileptologist and compared with information obtained from the clinical report of the cEEG. aEEG and cEEG data were available for 24 infants. Results from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed at 7 to 10 days of life were available in 23/24 infants. Background classification on cEEG and aEEG was similar in 83% of patients. Five of 24 infants had normal background on cEEG. Prolonged aEEG detected evolution of background from initially normal to moderately abnormal in an additional four infants. It also detected more subclinical seizures than the 1-hour cEEG in 8/14 infants. Normal background on aEEG and cEEG was associated with normal MRI results, and severe background abnormality (5/24) on both aEEG and cEEG was associated with abnormal MRI results. Data obtained from prolonged aEEG (plus raw EEG) provide similar background activity, enhance seizure detection, and complement standard cEEG in predicting short-term outcomes, based on MRI, in term neonates with seizures or encephalopathy. Limited-channel aEEG technology may provide a pragmatic alternative for longitudinal monitoring of newborn infants with encephalopathy in neonatal units where prolonged video EEG monitoring is not feasible.     

The iodine status in the puerperium and in newborn infants

In this paper we report about the actual supply of iodine of women in childbred determining iodine levels in serum and milk of the mothers. No significant differences were found between women without, with treated or with untreated goitre. In early childbred and 4 weeks after birth the iodine in milk amounts to about the half of the maternal serum level and does not further increase with continuation of nursing.