氟比洛芬酯对单肺通气下食管癌手术患者肺内分流及动脉氧合的影响观察

目的：探讨氟比洛芬酯对单肺通气下食管癌手术患者肺内分流及动脉氧合的影响。方法择期行胸食管癌根治术的患者60例,随机分为F组和C组各30例。在麻醉诱导前15 min,F组静脉给予氟比洛芬酯,C组给予等量生理盐水。于侧卧双肺通气5 min（ T1）、单肺通气30 min（ T2）和恢复双肺通气30 min（ T3）采集动静脉血样行血气分析并记录血流动力学指标,计算肺内分流率（ Qs／Qt ）。结果两组血液动力学指标、平均气道压（Pmean）、pH比较,差异无统计学意义（P均＞0．05）。与T1时比较,两组T2、T3时PaO2降低,Qs／Qt升高（P均＜0．05）;与T2时比较,两组T3时PaO2升高,Qs／Qt降低（P均＜0．05）;与C组比较,F组T2、T3时Qs／Qt降低,T3时PaO2升高（P均＜0．05）。结论麻醉前15 min静脉给予氟比洛芬酯可减少食管癌根治术患者单肺通气时肺内分流,提高动脉氧合。     

右旋美托咪啶复合异氟烷对单肺通气肺内分流及动脉氧合的影响

目的:观察右旋美托咪啶(Dex)持续静脉输注复合异氟醚(ISO)吸入用于单肺通气,肺内分流、动脉氧合以及血流动力学变化。方法:60例美国麻醉医师协会分级(ASA)Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期开胸手术患者,随机分为静脉输注Dex复合ISO吸入组(DISO组)与静脉输注生理盐水复合ISO吸入组(NISO组)。2组患者麻醉诱导药物一致,麻醉维持均静脉持续输注瑞芬太尼0.1～0.2μg.kg-1.min-1,吸入ISO 1.0%～2.0%。DISO组持续静脉输注Dex 0.7μg.kg-1.h-1,NISO组持续静脉输注等容量0.9%氯化钠液。持续观察心率(HR)、平均动脉血压(MAP)、脉搏氧饱和度(SpO2),脑电双频指数(BIS),分别于单肺肺通气前、单肺通气10 min(OLV-10 min)、20 min(OLV-20 min)、30 min(OLV-30 min)、40 min(OLV-40 min)监测动脉血气、中心静脉血气及呼气末ISO浓度(EEIso)。通过BIS调整ISO吸入浓度。结果:45例患者完成研究,DISO组23例,NISO组22例;2组患者单肺通气时动脉氧分压、分流量与单肺通气前比较,PaO2明显下降(P<0.05),Qs/QT明显增加(P<0.05);单肺通气期间,与NISO组比较,DI-SO组PaO2明显增加(P<0.05),Qs/QT明显减少(P<0.05);DISO组EEIso明显减少(P<0.05),心率明显减少(P<0.05),平均动脉血压以及血管活性药物的使用比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:静脉输注Dex复合ISO吸入用于单肺通气,能够降低动脉血氧分压下降程度、减少肺内分流及减少ISO需要的剂量。     

芬太尼和雷米芬太尼靶控输注对单肺通气期间肺内分流的影响

目的比较芬太尼和雷米芬太尼靶控输注（TCI）用于单肺通气的效果。方法将58例拟行肺叶切除手术的患者随机分为Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组各29例,分别施行芬太尼-异丙酚和雷米芬太尼-异丙酚TCI的全静脉麻醉。诱导插管成功后分别于平卧位双肺通气20min（T1）、左侧卧位双肺通气20min（T2）及左侧单肺通气20min（T3）、40min（T4）、60min（L）行血气分析,计算肺内分流率（Qs／Qt）,并记录脉搏氧饱和度（SpO2）、平均动脉压（MAP）、中心静脉压（CVP）、HR及拔管时间。结果平卧位转为侧卧位、双肺通气转为单肺通气时两组Qs/Qt均明显增加（P〈0．05）;两组Qs／Qt在T3时均最大、在T1最低,其中T3、L时Ⅰ组少于Ⅱ组（P均〈0．05）;术后Ⅰ组的拔管时间长于Ⅱ组（P〈0．05）;两组术中SpO2均≥92％,MAP、CVP、HR无显著差异。结论与雷米芬太尼比较,芬太尼TCI对单肺通气时肺内分流影响更小,可安全有效地用于时间〈2h的手术。     

PEEP对肺叶切除患者单肺通气中氧合及分流的影响

目的探讨肺叶切除患者单肺通气(OLV)时应用呼气末正压通气(PEEP)对氧合及分流的影响。方法将70例肺叶切除患者随机分为两组,每组35例,两组在OLV时潮气量6 ml/kg,呼吸频率16~18次/min,观察组同时应用PEEP 5 cm H2O,对照组不用PEEP,比较两组患者双肺通气时(T1)、单肺通气10 min(T2)及单肺通气30 min(T3)血气分析结果及平均肺动脉压(PAP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、动脉血氧分压、混合静脉血氧饱和度(Sv O2)及肺内分流率(Qs/Qt)。结果对照组T2、T3时间点Pa O2较T1时下降(t=7.528、6.767,P=0.000、0.000),T2、T3时间点观察组Pa O2高于对照组(P=0.000),PH值、Pa CO2、BE、HCO-3各时间点组内、组间比较差异均无统计学意义;T2、T3时间点观察组Qs/Qt较分别较对照组降低(t=12.011、9.992,P=0.000、0.000),差异均有统计学意义,两组PAP、MAP、HR、Sv O2各时间点组间、组内比较差异均无统计学意义。结论肺叶切除手术OLV时应用PEEP可提高氧分压,降低肺内分流,是防治低氧血症的有效措施之一。     

不同单肺通气模式对肺癌手术病人氧合和肺内分流的影响分析

目的 评价不同单肺通气模式对肺癌手术患者氧合和肺内分流的影响.方法 选择行肺叶切除手术的肺癌患者50例,按随机数字表将其分为三组,分别采用不同单肺通气后通气模式,观察和比较各组不同时间点氧合和肺内分流参数的变化.结果 B组T2和T3时刻OI值,显著高于A组和B组（P〈0.05）,与T0时刻无显著差异（P〉0.05）;B组T1和T2时刻Qs/Qt值,显著高于A组、B组和T0时刻（P〈0.05）;T3时刻Qs/Qt值显著高于A组和B组（P〈0.05）,与T0时刻无显著差异（P〉0.05）.结论 呼吸频率17次/min,潮气量6 mg/kg和呼吸末正压5 cmH2O,能显著提高氧分压,减少肺内分流,减轻对肺的损伤,是肺癌手术病人较为理想的单肺通气模式.     

单肺通气模式下不同水平PEEP对肺损伤的影响

目的探讨单肺通气模式下不同水平呼气末正压通气(PEEP)对肺损伤的影响。方法选择拟单肺通气剖胸手术患者60例,随机分成三组,每组20例。A组单肺通气6 mL/kg+PEEP为0 cmH2O,B组单肺通气6mL/kg+PEEP为4 cmH2O,C组单肺通气6 mL/kg+PEEP为8 cmH2O,术中均为持续性单肺通气,并排除肺功能差或有肺部疾病者。通过监测单肺通气前(T1)、单肺通气30 min(T2)、单肺通气60 min(T3)、单肺通气90 min(T4)、单肺通气结束前(T5)、出室前(T6)的SpO2、MAP、HR。采集颈内静脉血5 mL进行肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、IL-6检测。结果三组治疗不同时间点MAP、HR、SpO2无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。B、C两组从T3开始相对于A组炎性因子水平较低且有统计学差异(P均<0.05),而B、C两组间炎性因子水平比较无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。结论单肺通气6 mL/kg+PEEP 4 cmH2O对肺损伤影响最小。     

单肺通气用于小儿胸腔镜下微创动脉导管未闭结扎术

<正> 单肺通气(One Lung Ventilate OLV)用于外科手术的麻醉已有多年的历史,积累了丰富的临床经验.但小儿OLV,特别是小儿OLV应用于电视胸腔镜(Video-assisted Thoracoscope,VAT)下动脉导管未闭(Patenl Ductus Areriosus,PDA)结扎术则尚未见文献报导.我院自1997年底将VAT技术引进心脏外科以来,到1999年初,应用VAT技术在OLV方法支持下,共实施了24例微创PDA结扎术.获得了宝贵的临床经验,取得了明显的社会效益.     

CPAP对高血压伴代谢综合征的OSAS患者的影响

目的探讨持续气道正压通气（Continuous positive airway pressure,CPAP）干预对有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS）的高血压伴代谢综合征患者的血压及异常代谢组分的影响。方法采用双盲、安慰剂对照设计,将患者随机分配接受5个月CPAP治疗或者5个月假性CPAP。在每种干预之前和之后,检测受试者的血压、空腹血糖、胰岛素抵抗指数、空腹血脂谱、糖化血红蛋白及人体测量学参数等指标。结果共128例完成研究。CPAP治疗与下列指标平均值的显著降低相关：收缩压（6.1mmHg;95%可信区间[CI]：1.3～6.2,P=0.001）,舒张压（4.5mmHg;95%CI：0.8～4.2,P〈0.001）,血清总胆固醇（16.5mg/dl;95%CI：5.2～21.4,P=0.005）,非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（16.1mg/dl;95%CI：4.7～21.9,P=0.008）,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（12.8mg/dl;95%CI：2.4～16.9,P=0.007）,甘油三酯（21.9mg/dl;95%CI：4.2～42.1,P=0.03）和糖化血红蛋白（0.4%;95%CI：0.1～0.5,P=0.004）。CPAP治疗后代谢综合征显著好转（128例患者中23例逆转[18%]vs.假性CPAP治疗后仅3例逆转[2%]）。结论在有中重度OSAS的高血压伴代谢综合征患者中,CPAP治疗5个月可降低血压并改善伴随的代谢异常。     

早期CPAP对小儿重症肺炎并呼吸衰竭血气指标及预后的影响

目的分析小儿重症肺炎并呼吸衰竭行早期持续气道正压通气(CPAP)血气指标及预后影响。方法采用临床对照研究回顾性分析72例重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患儿临床资料,随机分为两组采用不同治疗方案,每组各36例。行常规方案治疗者设为对照组,行早期持续气道正压通气治疗者设观察组,比较两组疗效、血气与预后情况。结果观察组肺部啰音、发绀、呼吸困难消失时间明显短于对照组,心率恢复正常与住院时间短于对照组(P0.05)。两组Sa O2、Pa CO2、Pa O2及p H等,治疗后均有一定改善,观察组改善程度更明显,组间、组内对比均有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01);观察组病死率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论小儿重症肺炎并呼吸衰竭行早期CPAP可改善病情及预后。     

Accuracy of noninvasive continuous arterial pressure monitoring using ClearSight during one-lung ventilation

Noninvasive continuous arterial pressure monitoring may be clinically useful in patients who require continuous blood pressure monitoring in situations where arterial catheter placement is limited. Many previous studies on the accuracy of the noninvasive continuous blood pressure monitoring method reported various results. However, there is no research on the effectiveness of noninvasive arterial pressure monitoring during one-lung ventilation. The purpose of this study was to compare arterial blood pressure obtained through invasive method and noninvasive method by using ClearSight during one-lung ventilation.In this retrospective observational study, a total of 26 patients undergoing one-lung ventilation for thoracic surgery at a single institution between March and July 2019 were recruited. All patients in this study were cannulated on their radial artery to measure continuously invasive blood pressures and applied ClearSight on the ipsilateral side of the cannulated arm. We compared and analyzed the agreement and trendability of blood pressure recorded with invasive and noninvasive methods during one-lung ventilation.Blood pressure and pulse rate showed a narrower limit of agreement with a percentage error value of around 30%. In addition, the tracking ability of each measurement could be determined by the concordance rate, all of which were below acceptable limits (92%).In noninvasive arterial blood pressure monitoring using ClearSight, mean blood pressure and pulse rate show acceptable agreement with the invasive method.     

Predicting arterial oxygenation during one-lung ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure to the nonventilated lung

Forty patients undergoing elective thoracotomy were studied to assess the possibility of predicting PaO₂ during one-lung ventilation (OLV) when continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was applied to the nondependent lung. The first 20 patients were studied retrospectively and the three most significant independent variables that correlated with PaO₂ during OLV with CPAP were: side of operation (P = 0.04), FEV₁/FVC ratio (P = 0.01), and the intraoperative PaO₂ during two-lung ventilation (P = 0.0002). By the method of multiple linear regression, these three variables were used to construct a predictive equation for PaO₂ during OLV with CPAP. The second 20 patients were studied prospectively and the predicted PaO₂ correlated significantly with the observed PaO₂ during OLV with CPAP (r = 0.86, P < 0.001). Therefore, it is concluded that the PaO₂ during OLV with CPAP can be predicted using routinely available data.     

Propofol and alfentanil anesthesia during one-lung ventilation

A total intravenous anesthesia technique, using a combination of propofol, alfentanil, and ventilation with 100% oxygen, was studied in a group of 14 patients scheduled for a lobectomy or pneumonectomy. Alfentanil was given at a constant rate, and propofol was administered to adjust the depth of anesthesia. The technique provided an effective and easily controllable anesthetic. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and pulse rates remained stable throughout the procedure, including during one-lung ventilation. After induction, the mean blood pressure decreased 25% for a short period of time. Blood gas values and oxygen saturation remained satisfactory during the entire procedure. Recovery characteristics were good. Calculations of the shunt fraction showed a smaller increase during one-lung ventilation than expected.     

Positive end expiratory pressure during one-lung ventilation: selecting ideal patients and ventilator settings with the aim of improving arterial oxygenation

The efficacy of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in treating intraoperative hypoxemia during one-lung ventilation (OLV) remains in question given conflicting results of prior studies. This study aims to (1) evaluate the efficacy of PEEP during OLV, (2) assess the utility of preoperative predictors of response to PEEP, and (3) explore optimal intraoperative settings that would maximize the effects of PEEP on oxygenation. Forty-one thoracic surgery patients from a single tertiary care university center were prospectively enrolled in this observational study. After induction of general anesthesia, a double-lumen endotracheal tube was fiberoptically positioned and OLV initiated. Intraoperatively, PEEP = 5 and 10 cm H(2)O were sequentially applied to the ventilated lung during OLV. Arterial oxygenation, cardiovascular performance parameters, and proposed perioperative variables that could predict or enhance response to PEEP were analysed. T-test and χ(2) tests were utilized for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Multivariate analyses were carried out using a classification tree model of binary recursive partitioning. PEEP improved arterial oxygenation by ≥20% in 29% of patients (n = 12) and failed to do so in 71% (n = 29); however, no cardiovascular impact was noted. Among the proposed clinical predictors, only intraoperative tidal volume per kilogram differed significantly between responders to PEEP and non-responders (mean 6.6 vs. 5.7 ml/kg, P = 0.013); no preoperative variable predicted response to PEEP. A multivariate analysis did not yield a clinically significant model for predicting PEEP responsiveness. PEEP improved oxygenation in a subset of patients; larger, although still protective tidal volumes favored a positive response to PEEP. No preoperative variables, however, could be identified as reliable predictors for PEEP responders.     

Relationship between cytokine response and temporary ventilation during one-lung ventilation in esophagectomy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Postoperative pulmonary complications are often fatal in patients with esophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to clarify the association between cytokines and temporary ventilation during one-lung ventilation. METHODOLOGY: Serum and BALF IL-6, 8 were measured in 39 patients with esophageal cancer, and the relationship between cytokine response and temporary ventilation during one-lung ventilation in esophagectomy was examined. RESULTS: Pulmonary complications did not occur in our patients. Serum IL-6 levels were significantly increased in the high one-lung ventilation ratio and long-term one-lung ventilation groups. Serum IL-6 levels in the one or more times ventilation group during one-lung ventilation were significantly low compared to the no-ventilation group. There were no significant differences in serum IL-8 and BALF IL-6, 8 levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that it is important to ventilate one or more times during one-lung ventilation in order to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications.     

双侧肺同期手术中不同体位和单肺通气对病人呼吸力学的影响

目的观察双侧肺同期手术中体位改变和单肺通气时对病人呼吸力学的影响。方法选取我院2007年6月至2010年12月双侧肺同期手术病人142例,经气道旁路采用旁气流通气连续监测病人PIP、Pplat、Raw、Cdyn等呼吸力学指标,监测SpO2、PETCO2指标,分别在双腔支气管导管定位后,平卧改侧卧,单肺通气及改换通气方式后10 min抽取动脉血进行血气分析。结果病人双肺通气改变体位和单肺通气后,病人PIP、Pplat、Raw升高,Cdyn减少,PH值降低,PETCO2、PaCO2升高、SpO2、PaO2降低(P<0.05);双肺通气改换通气方式后,病人PIP、Pplat、Raw降低,Cdyn增加,PH值降低,PaO2、SpO2、PaCO2、PETCO2升高(P<0.05)。单肺通气38例病人改换通气方式后,病人PIP、Pplat、Raw降低,Cdyn增加,PH值、PaO2、SpO2升高,PaCO2、PETCO2降低(P<0.05)。结论双侧肺同期手术麻醉中不同体位和单肺通气对病人的呼吸力学影响较大,改换通气方式可改变病人呼吸力学指标。     

Negative pressure ventilation. Effects on ventilation during sleep in normal subjects

Negative pressure ventilation (NPV) is used for ventilatory support of patients with respiratory failure due to neuromuscular disorders and thoracic deformities, and to provide ventilatory muscle rest for patients with severe chronic airflow limitation. To determine whether NPV would result in episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep, we studied five normal subjects on two consecutive nights with the first night serving as a control and NPV being administered on the second night. Ventilators were adjusted so as to reduce the peak phasic diaphragm electromyogram signal by at least 50 percent. All subjects demonstrated an increase in the total number of apneas + hypopneas per hour on NPV control nights. Although differences were not significant, there was a tendency to develop decreased sleep efficiency, sleep fragmentation and altered sleep architecture with NPV. We conclude that nocturnal NPV can induce sleep apneas and impair sleep quality in normal subjects.