卡替洛尔对YAG激光周边虹膜切除术后眼压的影响

目的:观察20g/L卡替洛尔滴眼液是否能有效降低YAG激光周边虹膜切除术后眼压升高。方法:按相同的总能量进行匹配两组解剖学窄房角,YAG激光周边虹膜切除术患者64眼,其中一组术前2～3h曾滴用20g/L卡替洛尔滴眼液。记录术前、术后60min眼压。结果:YAG激光周边虹膜切除术后,两组中发生眼压升高眼数、眼压变化程度均无显著差异。结论:卡替洛尔滴眼液20g/L不能防止YAG激光周边虹膜切除术后眼压升高。     

不同能量氪离子黄绿光联合Nd∶YAG激光周边虹膜切开术的临床观察

目的:比较不同能量氪离子黄绿光联合Nd:YAG激光行周边虹膜切开术的临床疗效和对眼压、血-房水屏障的影响.方法:使用激光蛋白细胞仪及压平式眼压计对31例(62只眼)接受高能量组700 mW,低能量组400 mW的氪离子联合Nd:YAG激光行周边虹膜切除术前、术后的房水蛋白浓度、前房细胞数和眼压进行比较.术后随访1个月.结果:激光周边虹膜切开术两组周切口通畅无闭合.无角膜损伤及晶体混浊.术前和术后1 h、3 d、7 d及1个月的平均Goldmann眼压值在高能量组分别为(15.68±2.41)、(27.13±3.48)、(20.97±5.27)、(16.35±1.14)、(15.06±2.02),在低能量组分别为(15.35±1.78)、(22.77±3.26)、(16.26±2.41)、(15.68±2.06)、(15.06±1.36).术前和术后3 d、7 d及1个月的平均房水闪光值在高能量组分别为(4.65±1.50)、(10.41±2.47)、(7.31±2.31)、(6.15±2.16),在低能量组分别为(4.45±1.19)、(6.47±1.11)、(4.81±0.55)、(4.98±1.48)pc/ms;前房细胞数平均值在高能量组分别为(0.47±0.42)、(36.22±9.16)、(18.54±3.60)、(6.29±0.98),在低能量组分别为(0.58±0.52)、(24.73±6.09)、(10.61±1.70)、(2.96±1.35).高能量组术后1 h及第3天眼压的升高幅度较低能量组高.术后各点的房水闪光值和前房细胞数升高幅度均较低能量组明显,术后1个月两组前房细胞数及高能量组房水闪光值仍未能降至术前水平.差异有显著性意义(P<0.05).结论:低能量与高能量氪黄绿激光联合Nd:YAG激光周边虹膜切开术两组周切口通畅,临床效果相同;低能量组术后一过性眼压升高恢复至正常较快,前房蛋白较快恢复正常.提示在进行激光周边虹膜切开术时应尽可能用低能量.两组术后1个月前房仍有细胞,应继续随访.     

联合激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼

目的：探讨联合激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼的临床疗效。

方法：收集2015-08/2017-10在我院就诊的原发性闭角型青光眼患者82例82眼,随机分为单纯激光组(33例,采用Nd：YAG激光周边虹膜切除术)和联合激光组(49例,采用532半导体激光联合Nd：YAG激光周边虹膜切除术)。记录两组患者眼压、激光能量、虹膜出血情况。

结果：单纯激光组患者术后眼压升高较联合激光组明显,术后1h,1d,1wk两组患者眼压差异明显(均P<0.01); 术后1mo两组患者眼压基本恢复至术前水平。单纯激光组患者术中1次透切成功率明显低于联合激光组(73% vs 100%,P<0.05),且术中使用Nd：YAG激光总能量明显高于联合激光组(40.16±13.43mJ vs 23.23±6.70mJ,P<0.05)。两组患者术中虹膜出血率无明显差异(33% vs 26%, P>0.05)。

结论：532半导体激光联合Nd：YAG激光行周边虹膜切除术1次透切率高,尤其对于无虹膜隐窝的患者,可明显降低激光操作难度,减少激光能量,减轻前房炎症反应。     

掺钕钇铝石榴石(Nd:YAG)激光虹膜切开术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼近期疗效观察

应用西德 Opton 公司 Visulas Nd∶YAG 激光机和美国 Coopervision 公司的 Model 2500 Nd∶YAG 激光机作了80只眼(68例)的周边虹膜切开术。平均发射次数20.5次(1～127次);平均发射能量2.5毫焦耳(0.9～5.6毫焦耳)。虹膜穿透成功率(孔洞不少于0.2mm~2)为97.6%。虹膜类型是影响激光发射次数与发射平均能量的最主要原因。Nd∶YAG 激光虹膜切开术主要并发症是一时性眼压增高与虹膜出血。眼压升高大多发生在激光治疗后2小时内。虹膜出血约见于39%的病例,但这种出血是轻微和能自止。此外,眼压升高与激光发射次数及发射能量没有相关关系。本文还讨论了 Nd∶YAG 激光治疗后眼压升高的原因及其处理方法,Nd∶YAG 激光虹膜切开术的优点以及尚待进一步研讨的问题。     

周边虹膜切除与YAG激光虹膜切除术治疗早期闭角型青光眼的临床比较

目的 探讨周边虹膜切除术与YAG激光虹膜切除术对早期闭角型青光眼的疗效差异.方法 一组采用周边虹膜切除术,90例97只眼;另一组采用YAG激光周边虹膜切除术作对照组,167例193只眼,随访观察1个月至5年.结果 周边虹膜切除术组术后发现有3例残留虹膜色素层,激光组术后激光孔1例闭合,经再次激光扩大后,激光孔可见,未再闭合.另虹切组术后眼压控制超过20mmHg者4例,激光组术后眼压控制超过20mmHg的7例.结论 周边虹膜切除术与YAG激光虹膜切除术均能有效地治疗早期闭角型青光眼.介于激光痛苦小,费用低的特点,继发性瞳孔闭锁性青光眼以及绝大多数早期闭角型青光眼者,选择YAG激光优于周边虹膜切除术.但对于虹膜肥厚、色素较多者,周边虹膜切除术优于YAG激光虹膜切除术.对于虹膜高褶型青光眼,两种手术无显著差异.     

用锁模Nd:YAG激光虹膜切开术治疗闭角型青光眼后的眼压变化

闭角型青光眼(ACG)患者作Nd:YAG激光周边虹膜切开术已被公认。虽然,激光虹膜切开比手术要安全些,但也有一定的并发症。重要的并发症之一是激光后眼压急剧升高,对已经有视乳头损害的慢性闭角型青光眼病例,突然和没有防备的眼压急剧升高,可导致进一步对视乳头的损害。有必要认识这些因素,有助于预测激光后的经过,使有足够时间进行预防措施。作者等对激光前眼压、房角闭塞类型、激光能量和术时出血与虹膜炎的并发症作了前瞻性研究,以便确定Nd:YAG激光虹膜切开术后眼压升高,这些     

掺钕─钇铝石榴石激光虹膜切开术后房角结构改变及眼压变化

对16只青紫蓝兔32只眼行掺钕-钇铝石榴石（Nd：YAG）激光虹膜切开术，借助光镜、电镜观察术后即刻至8个月房角结构的改变。同时，临床观察术前后眼压的变化。结果显示，Nd：YAG激光虹膜切开术后，房角被纤维蛋白渗出物、组织碎屑、色素颗粒及红细胞吞噬时间推移通过房水引流即小梁滤过及细胞吞噬消化得以逐渐清除。术后一过性眼压升高可能与房角小梁网机械性堵塞有关，而非激光能量直接损伤小梁网所致。     

氪激光/Nd:YAG激光联合应用于周边虹膜切除术

目的探讨氪激光/Nd:YAG激光联合应用于周边虹膜切除术的临床疗效.方法对18例26眼有适应证的患者进行氪激光/Nd:YAG激光联合应用于周边虹膜切除术,观察术中能量、术中及术后并发症,并与单纯YAG激光治疗周边虹膜切除术进行比较.结果氪激光/Nd:YAG激光联合应用组1次透切成功25眼,前房出血3眼,前房葡萄膜反应极轻,无视力影响及角膜晶状体损伤.结论氪激光/Nd:YAG激光联合应用于周边虹膜切除术具有并发症少,总能量低,1次透切率高的优点.     

YAG激光虹膜周边切开术联合非穿透性小梁切除治疗闭角型青光眼

目的 观察YAG激光虹膜周边切开术联合非穿透性小梁切除术(NPDS)治疗单纯瞳孔阻滞型闭角型青光眼的疗效.方法 对2002年1月至2004年10月收治的21例(35只眼)单纯瞳孔阻滞型闭角型青光眼进行YAG激光虹膜周边切开术联合非穿透性小梁切除术,分析手术前后眼压的差异及术后各个随访期的手术成功率.随访期10～36月,平均(18.77±10.47)月.结果 术前平均眼压(25.57±4.92)mmHg,术后3月、6月、12月、24月和36月的眼压分别为(13.34±4.18)mmHg、(14.49±2.83)mmHg、(14.92±4.57)mmHg、(16.77±3.45)mmHg、(17.32±4.17)mmHg.术后3月、6月、12月、24月和36月的完全成功率分别为81.2%、78.1%、73.3%、69.0%、66.1%;部分成功率分别为82.4%、80.9%、74.7%、72.7%、70.1%.并发症有:微穿透6例,前房出血4例,低眼压3例,脉络膜脱离2例.结论 YAG激光虹膜周边切开术联合NPDS可作为治疗部分类犁的闭角型青光眼是安全有效地手术方式.     

Nd:YAG激光虹膜切开术对葡萄膜炎继发性青光眼的眼压和前房的影响

目的：评价Nd：YAG激光虹膜切开术治疗葡萄膜炎继发性青光眼的临床效果。

方法：回顾性分析我院35例35眼葡萄膜炎继发瞳孔阻滞型青光眼经Nd：YAG激光虹膜切开术治疗的情况。随诊8～39(平均24.6)mo。

结果：患者35例35眼均一次激光完成虹膜切开术。术后3d,眼压控制在14～23(平均19.8±6.5)mmHg,与术前(43.5±10.3mmHg)相比,差异有统计学意义(t=2.421,P<0.05)。术后前房均明显加深,周边虹膜膨隆消失。术后2wk复查UBM,14眼房角重新开放,与术前相比,差异有统计学意义(χ²=12.78,P<0.01)。

结论：Nd：YAG激光虹膜切开术是治疗葡萄膜炎继发性青光眼的一种安全有效的方法,能避免此类患者房角永久性粘连。     

辰泽滴眼液在激光虹膜周切术中的应用

目的 评价辰泽滴眼液在激光虹膜周切术中的临床应用价值。方法 选择86例（172眼）双眼进行Nd：YAG激光虹膜周切术的患者,在激光治疗前1h滴2％毛果芸香碱滴眼液两次后,分为两组,一眼加滴辰泽滴眼液1滴,在激光手术完成后即刻再次滴入辰泽滴眼液一滴,另一眼不用辰泽滴眼液。术后1h测量双眼的眼压,第二天复诊时观察虹膜周切口的情况并再次测量眼压,术后一周复诊观察虹膜周切口的情况并再次测量眼压。如眼压升高大于22 mm Hg需进行降眼压治疗。结果 辰泽滴眼液能良好的控制行激光虹膜周切术后患者的眼压,仅有5只眼(5.81％)应用辰泽滴眼液患者的眼压略高于22 mm Hg,未予降眼压治疗;而未应用辰泽滴眼液的患眼眼压升高达48只眼(55.81％),术后1h眼压测量比较,所有应用辰泽滴眼液的术眼的眼压升高远较对侧眼为低,且辰泽滴眼液也能较好地改善滴用毛果芸香碱滴眼液后球结膜充血。结论 辰泽滴眼液在激光虹膜周切术中能明显减轻手术副反应,降眼压效果确切,建议临床中推广应用。     

The prevention of an acute rise in intraocular pressure following Q-switched Nd:YAG laser iridotomy with clonidine

We evaluated the ability of topical clonidine to suppress an acute rise in postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) following Nd:YAG laser iridotomy. A total of 36 eyes (29 patients) with chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma underwent Q-switched Nd:YAG laser iridotomy: 18 eyes were treated topically with 0.5% clonidine ophthalmic solution prior to and immediately following the procedure, and a control group of 18 eyes underwent Nd:YAG laser iridotomy without topical clonidine. The control group was selected to match the clonidine-treated group in terms of preoperative IOP, the extent of peripheral anterior synechia, and the total amount of laser energy delivered. None of the clonidine-treated eyes experienced an IOP rise greater than 4 mm Hg over baseline, wereas 4 of the nontreated eyes (22.2%) developed an IOP rise greater than 10 mm Hg. The mean IOPs were significantly lower during the first 4 h postsurgery in the clonidine-treated eyes.     

激光虹膜切开与周边虹膜切除术治疗瞳孔闭锁继发青光眼的临床观察

目的 观察Nd:YAG激光虹膜切开术(LI)与虹膜周边切除术(PI)治疗瞳孔闭锁继发青光眼的临床疗效.方法 选取因葡萄膜炎引起瞳孔闭锁继发青光眼患者62例67只服,随机分为LI组和PI组.观察手术前后眼压、前房深度、炎症及虹膜切口通畅情况并进行统计学处理.平均随访时间(21.5±4.6)个月.结果 (1)LI组33只眼均能一次性击穿虹膜,前房深度由术前(0.67±0.31)mm加深为(2.58±0.26)mm,前后比较差异具有统计学意义.术后24h眼压南术前(28.22±7.12)mmHg降至(20.06±3.59)mmHg,前后比较差异具有统计学意义.术后26只眼(78.8%)发生激光孔闭合,未行再次激光治疗,22只眼行PI,4只眼行滤过手术.(2)PI组34只眼均形成通畅的周切口,术后结膜充血、前房炎症反应明显减轻.前房深度由术前(0.71±0.48)mm加深为(2.61±0.33)mm,前后比较差异具有统计学意义.眼压由术前(27.54±6.69)mmHg降至最未次随访(15.79±3.67)mmHg,前后比较差异具有非常统计学意义,手术成功率79.4%.结论 PI不仅能有效解除瞳孔闭锁、控制眼乐,而且有利于控制炎症、缩短疗程.     

Akutes Winkelblockglaukom trotz vorhandener Nd:YAG-Laser-Iridotomie

BACKGROUND: Nd:YAG laser iridotomy is routinely used as a procedure for primary acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG). The clear advantage of Nd:YAG laser iridotomy is to resolve pupillary block without opening the eye. Nevertheless it remains unclear whether Nd:YAG laser iridotomy is equally effective as surgical iridectomy. In this context cases in which AACG recurred despite patent Nd:YAG laser iridotomy are of interest. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study, we analyzed the charts of 90 patients who presented with unilateral primary AACG in our department over 3 years and were treated with a surgical iridectomy. Surgical iridectomy at the 12 o'clock position was performed using a self-sealing corneal incision. RESULTS: Of the 90 patients with primary AACG, 13 (14.4%) had already been treated with Nd:YAG laser iridotomy. Despite the laser iridotomy, these eyes developed recurrent AACG. The presenting intraocular pressure (IOP) of these 13 eyes was 49.07+/-12.65 mmHg. In 4 eyes, continuous medical glaucoma therapy was used prior to AACG, 8 eyes showed signs of glaucoma damage at the optic disk or/and the visual field. In 2 eyes, the presenting high IOP at AACG could be lowered by medication. All other eyes were operated at high IOP. The average interval between the Nd:YAG laser iridotomy and the AACG was 24.5 weeks. After surgical iridectomy, the IOP was reduced to 12.69+/-4.11 mmHg and was 16.62+/-3.86 mmHg at the end of the observation period. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of Nd:YAG laser iridotomy recurrent AACG can occur. Surgical iridectomy is capable of permanently resolving the pupillar block in these cases.     

Low-energy linear-incision neodymium: YAG laser iridotomy versus linear-incision argon laser iridotomy. A prospective clinical investigation

When the Q-switched neodymium: YAG (Nd: YAG) laser is focused through the Wise 103-diopter (D) iridotomy-sphincterotomy lens (103-D lens) at low energy levels, the peripheral iris fibers can be cut individually across the iris tension lines to produce large iridotomies of controllable size. Thirty patients had linear-incision Nd:YAG laser iridotomy in one eye and linear-incision argon laser iridotomy in the other. Two-hour post-laser IOP rises averaged 7.33 mmHg for the Nd:YAG laser and 8.64 mmHg for the argon laser. The argon laser produced lens burns in 9 of 30 eyes, including 7 of 9 blue eyes. No lens damage occurred with the Nd:YAG laser. No corneal or retinal damage was seen with either laser. Local oozing of blood inhibited optical breakdown and required a pause before completion in 5 of 30 eyes with Nd:YAG iridotomy, including 4 of 6 dark brown thick irides. Because the iris fibers must be cut by direct contact with the laser plasma, serial cutting of iris fibers by multiple low-energy plasmas is safer than a single-shot, high-power plasma occupying the full thickness of the iris. Because it is effective and because it avoids the hazards of argon laser iridotomy and of high-power Nd:YAG laser iridotomy, linear incision Nd:YAG laser iridotomy is recommended as the safest method of iridotomy.     

Neodymium: YAG laser iridotomies — short-term comparison with capsulotomies and long-term follow-up

This study addresses three aspects of anterior segment Nd: YAG laser treatment — acute endothelial damage, as assessed by endothelial specular photomicrography (ESP), acute and long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) changes, and long-term iridotomy patency. The acute ESP and IOP changes in 26 eyes (21 patients) after Nd: YAG laser iridotomies were compared to 39 eyes (37 patients) after Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy. Similar endothelial damage occurred in both groups, although less damage was noted in the group of 9 eyes in which capsulotomies were undertaken in the presence of an intraocular lens. In a parallel study 53 eyes (44 patients) were followed for a mean of 83 weeks (19 months) from the time of Nd: YAG iridotomy. There were no late closures and no late rises in IOP. The level of acute IOP rise after treatment did not predict long-term IOP. We conclude that Nd: YAG iridotomy is an effective procedure in the long-term, and that both iridotomy and capsulotomy are accompanied by noteworthy acute endothelial changes and intraocular pressure rises.     

Nd:YAG laser iridotomy in the management of secondary glaucoma associated with Behçet's disease

PURPOSE: To report the outcome of Nd:YAG laser iridotomy in the management of secondary glaucoma associated with Beh?et's disease (BD). METHODS: In this prospective study, Nd:YAG laser iridotomy was performed on eyes with secondary angle-closure and pupillary block glaucoma associated with BD. The pretreatment and post-treatment intraocular pressures (IOP) and the number of antiglaucoma medications were compared by Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The study consisted of 16 eyes of 11 patients (2 female, 9 male, mean age 39.2+/-8.9 years). Post-treatment follow-up ranged from 6 to 36 months (mean 13.8+/-8.9). The mean IOP was 21.6+/-2.5 mmHg on 2.5+/-0.6 medications before iridotomy. IOP reduced to 17.7+/-2.5 mmHg on 1+/-0.6 medications at the first month and 17.1+/-3.2 mmHg on 1.7+/-0.9 medications at the sixth month of treatment. The differences between IOP and number of antiglaucoma medications at baseline and at the sixth month of the treatment was statistically significant (p<0.00001). For four eyes trabeculectomy with mitomycin C and for one eye Ahmed valve implantation were performed in the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Nd:YAG laser iridotomy can provide reduction of IOP and the number of antiglaucoma medications in selected cases with secondary glaucoma associated with Behcet's disease.