以外科手术为主的3种不同方式治疗胆囊结石的疗效对比分析

目的 探讨以外科手术为主的3种不同方式治疗胆囊结石,对比分析多项指标,评价3种治疗方式的临床效果.方法 233例胆囊结石患者根据制定的人选标准,共分成3组:腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)组50例,对照Ⅰ组91例,对照Ⅱ组92例.对照Ⅰ组和对照Ⅱ组行内镜微创取石保胆术,对照Ⅱ组在对照Ⅰ组基础上,术后第2日起加用自制的中药利胆护胆汤.3组术后均给予消炎、对症治疗,术后每3个月随访一次.临床效果评价指标包括手术时间、术中出血量、胆漏、胆总管损伤、反流性胃炎食管炎、胆总管结石复发率等10项指标.结果 LC组和内镜微创保胆取石术均未发现胆总管损伤且在手术时间上没差异.但在手术出血量、胆漏、术后患者的消化功能、反流性食管炎、胆总管结石发生率5个指标上,内镜微创保胆取石术优于LC;内镜微创保胆取石术2年后,对照Ⅱ组的胆囊壁厚度、胆囊收缩功能、胆囊结石复发率优于对照Ⅰ组.结论 内镜微创取石保胆手术治疗胆裳结石,其手术出血量、术后消化道症状和并发症较LC少.术后加用中药护胆治疗,能降低胆囊结石复发率,具有较好的应用前景.     

腹腔镜微创保胆取石术84例

目的总结腹腔镜微创保胆取石术的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2009年3月至2011年3月84例行腹腔镜微创保胆取石患者的临床资料,探讨保胆取石术的临床效果。结果 84例患者中,12例因胆囊颈部结石嵌顿中转胆囊切除术,其余72例患者内镜保胆取石均成功,且无严重并发症,4例患者术后胆囊有积液,给予对症治疗后痊愈。结论保胆取石降低了胆囊疾病复发率和并发症发生率,临床效果确切,值得推广和应用。     

内镜微创保胆取石术治疗胆囊结石460例临床分析

目的 观察内镜微创取石术治疗胆囊结石的效果.方法 胆囊结石患者460例均应用纤维胆管镜行微创保胆取石术,观察治疗效果及术后结石复发情况.结果 患者均治愈出院,无改行腹腔镜胆囊切除术及中转开腹患者,未发生胆管损伤、胆汁渗漏等并发症.术后每3个月复查彩色多普勒,结石复发9例(1.96％).结论 内镜微创保胆取石术是治疗胆囊结石的有效方法.     

内镜微创保胆取石术在胆囊结石治疗中的临床效果

探讨内镜微创保胆取石术治疗胆囊结石临床价值。选择2012年3月~2015年12月96例胆囊结石患者为研究对象,分成两组,每组48例,对照组腹腔镜下胆囊切除术,观察组内镜微创保胆取石术,观察不同方法治疗后在围术期相关指标、并发症发生率、复发率、医疗费用支出情况比较。对照组不良反应发生率25%、复发率0,观察组不良反应发生率10.4%、复发率4.16%,两组不良反应发生率比较差异显著(P0.05);观察组在住院时间、肛门排气时间上显著低于对照组(P0.05),而在手术时间、术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间上比较差异则不显著(P0.05);观察组麻醉费、术后医护费用、药费、总费用显著低于对照组,两组比较差异显著(P0.05),而在术前检查费、手术和器械费、床位费、其他费用支出上比较差异不显著(P0.05)。内镜微创保胆取石术治疗胆囊结石并发症少,医疗费用支出低,恢复时间快。     

微创保胆内镜取石术与传统开腹胆囊切除术的术后护理方法对比

目的对比微创保胆内镜取石术与传统开腹胆囊切除术的术后护理方法与效果。方法搜集大连大学附属中山医院2014-03—2015-03行传统开腹胆囊切除术45例入组对照组,将同期行微创保胆内镜取石术45例入组实验组。对照组术后护理选择常规护理,实验组术后护理选择综合护理。观察两组效果,比较分析。结果实验组和对照组住院时间分别为(7.5±1.1)d、(11.2±1.3)d,两组比较,P0.05;并发症发生率分别为4.44%、15.56%,两组比较,P0.05;满意度分别为95.56%、84.44%,两组比较,P0.05。结论微创保胆内镜取石术的术后综合护理效果确切。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术与腹腔镜胆道镜、微创保胆取石术用于胆结石治疗中的临床效果

选取2015年5月~2016年5月80例胆结石患者纳入研究,按照不同的术式进行分组,保胆取石术组采用腹腔镜联合胆道镜微创保胆取石术进行治疗,胆囊切除术组采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术进行治疗。对比两组手术指标和术后并发症发生率。结果(1)保胆取石术组手术时间大于胆囊切除术组,术中出血量、住院时间、术后下床活动时间大于胆囊切除术组(P<0.05)。(2)保胆取石术组胆瘘2.5%,脂肪液化5%,并发症明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。和腹腔镜胆囊切除术对比,腹腔镜联合胆道镜微创保胆取石术疗效更为明显,安全程度更高。     

内镜微创保胆联合十二指肠镜乳头扩张取石在胆囊结石并胆总管结石的临床应用

目的探讨内镜微创保胆术联合十二指肠乳头扩张取石术治疗胆囊胆总管结石的临床效果。方法选择54例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者,先在十二指肠镜下行乳头扩张取石,第3天实施腹腔镜微创保胆取石,统计两镜联合治疗成功情况、并发症及住院时间。结果 53例成功地在十二指肠镜下取出胆总管结石,EST处理胆总管结石并放置鼻胆引流管,在保胆术中经管行胆道造影,8例患者术后出现血淀粉酶升高,经抑酶治疗3～5d后恢复正常,无胆管炎、穿孔及出血等并发症,第3天均在全身麻醉下实施了腹腔镜保胆取石,无1例发生并发症,住院时间5～8d,术后随访未见胆管结石及胆管炎发生。1例因十二指肠乳头旁憩室插管困难取石失败而改腹腔镜保胆取石、胆总管切口取石术。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术与内镜括约肌扩张取石术联合治疗胆囊胆总管结石是一种安全有效的新兴治疗方法。     

内镜微创保胆取石术两种入腹方法在中转开腹胆囊切除时创伤的对比分析

目的 探讨用腹腔镜法和肋缘下小切口法行内镜微创保胆取石术中中转胆囊切除术时对患者创伤的比较.方法 对该院2007年11月～2009年6月68例行内镜微创保胆取石术的临床资料进行分析.其中,腹腔镜法和肋缘下小切口法各34例,分析每组中出现中转胆囊切除时有无必要延长切口,并对总体创伤程度做出对比.结果 腹腔镜法内镜微创保胆取石术34例患者中发生8例需中转切除胆囊.其中,直接在腹腔镜下切除胆囊6例,小切口切胆2例;而另34例用肋缘下小切口法实施同样术式需中转切胆7例.全部延长切口长达10～12 cm.结论 腹腔镜法内镜微创保胆取石术可以最大限度降低综合创伤,显示在适宜条件下腹腔镜法保胆取石术的可行性和优越性.     

微创胆囊切开取石术的临床评价

目的：评价微创胆囊切开取石术治疗胆囊结石的疗效。方法：回顾性分析158例行微创胆囊切开取石术的病人。并与同期所做开腹胆囊切除术376例及腹腔镜胆囊切除术188例进行比较，了解三种术式术后并发症情况。结果：158例行微创胆囊切开取石术的患者均痊愈出院，随访1-5年，结石复发28例（17.72%)。无症状复发23例，有症状复发5例。术后1，3，5年的分期复发率分别为1.9%(3/158),12.26%(13/106),17.91?2/67)。结果显示，微创胆囊切开取石术术后并发症发生率低于行开腹胆囊切除术和腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者。结论：微创胆囊切开取石术治疗胆囊结石安全，有效，不应因过分强调结石复发而影响保胆手术的开展。     

微创保胆取石术、腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆结石临床疗效比较

目的研究微创保胆取石术和腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆结石的效果差异。方法选取我院100例胆结石患者为研究对象,随机分成观察组和对照组各50例。观察组给予微创保胆取石术治疗,对照组给予腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗。比较两组手术指标、生活质量和术后并发症差异。结果观察组患者手术时间、术中出血量、首次排气时间、术后恢复时间均显著低于对照组,P<0.05;观察组术后生活质量评分显著高于对照组,并发症发生率显著低于对照组,P<0.05。结论微创保胆取石术治疗胆结石在手术指标、患者术后生活质量及并发症等多方面均较腹腔镜胆囊切除术具有明显的优势。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.