正常人群非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和血致动脉硬化指数水平分析

目的 分析甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）均为正常范围内体检人员的非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（non-HDL-C）和血致动脉硬化指数（AIP）水平情况,为防治血脂异常提供依据。方法 从2001～2006年在我院体体检的45470人中,选择甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC均为正常合适范围内的14855人,同时测定高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）,计算出non-HDL-C、LDL-C、AIP;并按性别及不同年龄段进行分组,将各组进行比较分析。结果 男性non-HDL-C、AIP水平明显高于女性,并随年龄增高而逐渐升高;AIP与TG、non-HDL-C、LDL-C成正相关,non-HDL-CTG、TC、LDL-C、AIP成正相关,两者与HDL-C均成负相关。结论 TG、TC均为正常人群中,仍具有发生动脉粥样硬化危险,且男性高于女性,并随着年龄增高而呈升高趋势,老年组更为明显,应引起重视。     

高尿酸血症与血脂异常相关性

目的 探讨体检人群高尿酸血症与血致动脉硬化指数(AIP)、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)水平相关性及意义.方法 选择2004年1月～2006年12月在温州医学院附属一院体检中心接受体检者31 707人,测定甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、尿酸(UA),计算non-HDL-C和AIP;并按尿酸水平高低进行分组比较.结果 男性UA、TG、TC、non-HDL-C、AIP水平均明显高于女性(均P<0.01),而HDL-C水平则低于女性(P<0.01);男性高尿酸组AIP、non-HDL-C水平明显高于正常尿酸组,而HDL水平降低;女性高尿酸组的TG、TC、AIP、non-HDL-C水平明显高于正常尿酸组,HDL水平降低;UA与non-HDL-C、AIP、TG、TC水平呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关.结论 尿酸水平有明显性别差异,高尿酸血症人群存在心脑血管疾病的多种危险因素,应该引起重视.     

围绝经期女性雌激素与非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的关系

目的了解围绝经期女性雌激素与非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)的关系。方法选取212例女性,其中围绝经期组112例,正常对照组100例,所有受试者分别检测总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、血清促卵泡刺激激素(FSH)、血清促黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)及血压测量,并计算体重指数、non-HDL-C。结果围绝经期组的TC、TG、LDL-C、non-HDL-C、FSH、LH水平明显高于对照组,而HDL-C、E2低于对照组,围绝经期组的E2与TC、TG、LDL-C、non-HDL-C、FSH、LH呈负相关,与HDLC呈正相关;HDL-C随E2水平增高而增高,TC、TG、LDL-C、non-HDL-C随着E2水平下降而增高;non-HDL-C与TG、LDL-C均呈线性关系。结论围绝经期女性E2水平低于正常女性,其变化与non-HDL-C有一定相关性,nonHDL-C可以作为调脂管理新目标。     

体检人群高尿酸血症与铁蛋白及血浆致动脉硬化指数等指标的相关研究

目的了解体检人群高尿酸血症(HUA)与铁蛋白及血浆致动脉硬化指数(AIP)等指标的关系,为HUA的预防控制提供参考依据。方法选择2005年1月-2015年12月在温州医科大学附属第一医院体检者7 458例,测定血尿酸(SUA)、血清铁蛋白(SF)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血肌酐(CR)、尿素氮(BUN)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),计算非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)、血浆致动脉硬化指数(AIP)、动脉硬化指数(ASI),根据诊断标准进行分组,利用统计软件进行相关性分析。结果在男性和女性人群中,高尿酸组SF、ALT、AST、CR、BUN、TG、TC、LDL-C、non-HDL-C、AIP、ASI水平均高于正常尿酸组,高尿酸组HDL-C水平低于正常尿酸组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);男性和女性人群中UA水平与SF、ALT、AST、CR、BUN、TG、TC、LDL-C、non-HDL-C、AIP和ASI均呈正相关(P0.01),与HDL-C呈负相关(P0.01);ROC曲线结果显示,SF、ALT、AST、CR、TG及AIP这6种指标进行联合检测时的AUC(0.820)均大于12种指标单独进行检测时的AUC。结论体检人群高尿酸血症存在血脂、肾功能、肝功能相关指标紊乱,SF、ALT、AST、CR、TG及AIP联合检测对高尿酸血症的鉴别诊断具有一定的临床应用价值。     

体检人群超敏C反应蛋白水平与非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和血浆致动脉硬化指数相关性研究

目的探讨体检人群超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平与血浆致动脉硬化指数（AIP）、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（non-HDL-C）水平相关性及临床意义。方法随机选择从2004年1月～2009年12月在温州医学院附属第一医院体检中心参与体检的12 062例人员,测定甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、hs-CRP,计算出non-HDL-C、AIP;并按hs-CRP水平及性别进行分组。数据采用SPSS13.0统计软件,组间比较用t检验,P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果该研究人群hs-CRP异常率为58.2%（7 020/12 062）,男性hs-CRP异常率66.4%（4 040/6 081）明显高于女性49.8%（2 981/5 981）（χ2=1 063.16,P=0.000）,hs-CRP水平也存在明显性别差异;在男性人群中,随hs-CRP水平升高,研究指标中仅AIP水平出现增高（F=4.111,P=0.017）,相关分析显示hs-CRP仅与AIP呈正相关（r=0.114,P=0.047）;在女性人群中,随hs-CRP水平升高,TG、HDL-C、non-HDL-C、AIP、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平出现增高（F=14.351、4.722、6.119、16.825、3.233,P=0.000、0.010、0.002、0.000、0.041）,相关分析显示hs-CRP与TG、AIP呈正相关（r=0.162、0.200,P=0.005、0.000）,与HDL-C呈负相关（r=-0.121,P=0.036）。结论 hs-CRP水平有明显性别差异,男性hs-CRP异常率明显高于女性;hs-CRP与AIP有正相关,而与non-HDL-C无明显相关性;联合检测AIP、hs-CRP比其他血脂指标可能更好地预测价值,反映健康人群首发心血管事件。     

肥胖海勤官兵非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与亚临床动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的探讨非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)与肥胖海勤官兵亚临床动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法选取2015~2018年在陆军厦门特勤疗养中心参加检查的60例肥胖体质海勤官兵为肥胖组,60例同期疗养且正常体质的健康海勤官兵为健康对照组。检测并比较两组官兵年龄、身高、体重、收缩压、舒张压、吸烟、运动及饮食评分;三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG);颈动脉内中膜厚度(C-IMT);体质量指数(BMI),非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C),血浆致动脉硬化指数(AIP)。对肥胖组各项血脂指标、年龄、BMI与C-IMT和AIP做相关性分析。结果肥胖组TG、TC、LDL-C、non-HDL-C、AIP和C-IMT均显著高于健康对照组,而HDL-C、运动和饮食评分显著低于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,肥胖组AIP与TG、non-HDL-C呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关(r=0.514、0.312、-0.433,P<0.05);C-IMT与年龄、BMI、TC、LDL-C、Non-HDL-C呈正相关(r=0.364、0.348、0.478、0.543、0.488,P<0.05)。结论肥胖海勤官兵存在亚临床动脉粥样硬化病变,non-HDL-C是动脉粥样硬化的危险因素,可作为评价肥胖海勤官兵亚临床动脉粥样硬化的良好指标,在肥胖海勤官兵血脂控制中应重点关注。     

非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇在冠心病中的临床应用价值

目的:探讨冠心病患者血清中non-HDL-C水平对冠心病的早期预防的临床意义。方法:采用病例对照研究方法,对2014年1月至2014年12月在华北理工大学附属医院住院的200名冠心病患者及140名健康对照者血清中nonHDL-C和血脂水平的进行分析,采用SPSS19.0统计软件进行统计学分析。结果:冠心病患者血清non-HDL-C、LDL-C的水平均高于对照组(p0.05),non-HDL-C差异最显著,LDL-C次之;女性患者non-HDL-C水平在45岁以下组高于76-89岁组(p0.05),60-75岁组女性患者non-HDL-C、TC、TG、LDL-C、Apo B水平均高于男性患者,HDL-C水平低于男性患者(p0.05),男性患者TG水平在45-59岁组高于60-75岁、76-89岁组(p0.05)。结论:non-HDL-C对于冠心病的预防具有一定的临床意义。非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)是指除高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)以外的其它脂蛋白中含有的胆固醇的总和,是定量所有含有载脂蛋白B(Apo B)的致动脉粥样硬化的脂蛋白[1]。越来越多的证据表明non-HDL-C在冠心病的预防中似乎更具指示意义[2]。本研究通过对冠心病患者血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、HDL-C、LDL-C、载脂蛋白A(Apo A)、Apo B和non-HDL-C水平分析,初步探讨non-HDL-C对冠心病的临床应用价值。     

围绝经期女性血脂异常与糖尿病的关系

目的探讨围绝经期女性血脂异常与糖尿病的关系。方法选取2015年-2018年在本院就诊或健康体检围绝经期女性3961例作为研究对象,进行问卷调查,分析血脂异常与糖尿病的关系。结果围绝经期女性血脂异常患病率为40.3%,其中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(nonHDL-C)升高率在11.0%~23.0%,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)降低率为6.5%;糖尿病患病率为17.7%。相关分析显示,TC、LDL-C、TG、non-HDL-C与空腹血糖均呈正相关(r值分别为0.238、0.209、0.235、0.251,P<0.01),HDL-C与空腹血糖呈负相关(r=-0.033,P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,血脂异常的围绝经期女性,糖尿病患病风险是血脂正常围绝经期女性的1.450倍~1.938倍;TC、TG、LDL-C、non-HDL-C每增加1个标准误差或HDL-C每减少1个标准误差,糖尿病患病风险增加21.6%~39.3%。结论围绝经期女性血脂异常与糖尿病有着密切联系,应加强血脂异常与糖尿病的综合防治。     

血浆动脉硬化指数与血压水平相关性

目的探讨血浆动脉硬化指数(AIP)和血压水平的相关性。方法 2007年在延吉市社区人群中进行健康体检,对其中1154名检测指标完整者血压及血浆中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)进行分析。按AIP四分位数分析了与血压及血脂关系。结果女性AIP水平随着年龄增加而增加(P0.001),男性40岁开始随着年龄增加而增加,但无统计学意义。男女性中调整年龄后,收缩压、舒张压、TC和TG均随着AIP水平的增加而增加(P0.01),HDL-C水平随着AIP水平的增加而减少(P0.001)。结论 AIP的增加可能与血压水平升高有关。     

TC和TG均正常的人群高/低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平分析

目的了解总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)均处于合适范围的人群高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,提高对HDL-C和LDL-C检测的重视,从而较全面地筛选出血脂异常。方法根据2007年《中国成人血脂异常防治指南》标准,从学校4 021名健康体检人群中筛选出1 587例TC和TG均处于正常水平的人群,进行HDL-C和LDL-C的统计分析。结果正常TC和TG人群中,HDL-C降低占6.24%,LDL-C边缘升高检出率为12.35%,LDL-C升高检出率为1.64%。其中男性分别为8.82%、16.00%、2.77%;女性分别为2.12%、6.54%、0.65%,男性均高于女性(p<0.01),女性在50岁以后HDL-C和LDL-C异常的检出率明显上升。结论TC、TG两项指标均处于合适范围的人群仍可能存在HDL-C的降低和LDL-C的边缘升高或升高。临床医师和实验室人员应高度重视HDL-C和LDL-C的检测。     

Survey of ethylenethiourea (ETU) in ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (EBDC) fungicides

Ethylenethiourea (ETU) has been recognized as a compound with adverse toxicological properties. It may occur in ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (EBDC) fungicides as a by-product and/or a degradation product. Restrictions have been issued by the Italian Health Authority to keep the level of ETU in EBDC formulations under 0.5% (on an EBDC technical product basis). A survey was carried out on 85 samples of commercial formulations from the Italian market to verify compliance with the above limitation. ETU was extracted by methanol and determined by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Three of the 85 samples (3.5%) exceeded the limit of 0.5% established by the Italian legislation for ETU.     

Diagnostic image (5) (Ileum pathology)

In a 28-year-old woman Crohn's disease was diagnosed. She had drug treatment but the situation deteriorated and ileocoecal resection was carried out. In the surgical specimen the diagnosis was confirmed.     

Sorption of Phosphate and Cr(VI) by Fe(III) and Cr(III) Hydroxides

Understanding the chemical behavior and interactions of Cr(VI) (e.g., HCrO₄ ⁻) and other anions, such as orthophosphate (P) with insoluble metal hydroxides (i.e., Cr[III] and Fe[III]) in disposal landfills or in chromite ore processing residue (CORP)–enriched soil is very important in predicting the movement and the fate of Cr(VI). This study evaluates the sorption behavior of P and Cr(VI) by Fe(III) (i.e., ferrihydrite), Cr(III) (i.e., Cr[OH]₃), and coprecipitated Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxides. These metal hydroxide sorbents were synthesized, and sorption of P and Cr(VI) were conducted at different pH using a batch technology. Our results show that P and Cr(VI) sorption by metal hydroxides decreased with increasing suspension pH. Greater decrease in P sorption was observed when Cr(III) was present in the structures of hydroxides. Following the sorption of low concentration of P (i.e., 0.5 mM), the sorption of subsequently added Cr(VI) by hydroxides was less influenced. However, Cr(VI) sorption was greatly inhibited when high concentration of P (i.e., 10 mM) prereacted with hydroxides, particularly in Fe(III) hydroxide system. Results also indicated that high concentration of Cr(VI) (10 mM) could dissolve Cr(III) hydroxide at pH 3 and reprecipitate as an amorphous form of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) compound at pH about 6.5. Although coprecipitation of Cr(VI) with Cr(III) can inhibit Cr(VI) movement through soil profiles, the inhibition seems to be low due to the gradual release of Cr(VI) with increasing pH. Received: 16 April 2002/Accepted: 29 October 2002     

Crusted (Norwegian) scabies in Dakar (Senegal)

Between January 1993 and June 1997, 30 patients with crusted scabies were seen at the dermatological clinic in Dakar (Senegal). Seventeen of these patients were male and 13 were female. Six were children aged 5 to 15 years and 24 were adults aged 18 to 70 years. Diagnosis of crusted scabies was straightforward because this condition, which was rare in Dakar before 1990, has become much more common and is now familiar to Senegalese dermatologists. The infection presented as an extensive scaly or crusted eruption with symmetrical lesions affecting the hands, feet, knees, elbows and ears in particular. Scalp involvement was reported in 25 patients. Erythrodermia was present in 4 cases and pachyonychia in 4 cases. Twenty-seven of the 30 patients had moderate or severe pruritus, whereas an absence of pruritus is regarded as a classical characteristic of crusted scabies. Diagnosis was readily confirmed by examination of hyperkeratotic material under the microscope: numerous mites and eggs were present. The two most common etiological factors were auto-immune diseases (6 cases, 4 of whom were receiving no steroid or other immunosuppressive treatment at the time of onset of crusted scabies) and malnutrition (5 of the 6 children in the study). The other associated conditions identified were: physical debilitation (4 cases), HIV infection (3), mental disability-Down's syndrome (3) and long term use of topical steroids for artificial depigmentation (2). Two patients were immunocompetent and 5 patients died shortly after diagnosis, before any underlying conditions could be identified. Seven patients were cured with benzyl benzoate. Seven others, all adults, received a single oral dose of ivermectin (200 mg/kg) and topical kerolytic drugs. Ivermectin was ineffective in 1 case, and an improvement was observed in another case, although a complete cure was achieved only after a second dose. The other patients were all cured and showed no signs of scabies one month after ivermectin treatment. A recurrence was observed in 3 patients a few months later however, suggesting that these patients were reinfected. No side effects were reported in any of the patients treated with ivermectin.