肿瘤患者信息管理系统的设计与应用

为使肿瘤患者资料统计更加规范化、系统化,采用VisualBasic6.0软件,Access2000进行了肿瘤患者信息管理系统的设计与开发,该系统包括信息录入、信息查询、数据统计、数据分析、数据备份和压缩等功能。它的建立,不仅能提高工作效率和资源利用率,还可实现对患者信息的聚集、综合、分析、推理与发掘。     

应用计算机网络-"电子通道"管理新生儿疾病筛查信息

【目的】探讨应用计算机网络和新生儿筛查信息管理系统，实施新生儿筛查技术服务和管理筛查信息。【方法】应用广州市妇幼卫生信息管理计算机网络作为电子通道，在《广州市围产保健-产时管理系统》的基础上，开发和应用《广州市新生儿疾病筛查信息管理系统》，为新生儿筛查中心提供筛查技术服务和信息管理。【结果】①标本采集产科医院和新生儿疾病筛查中心可以共享新生儿家庭信息(主要含家庭住址和电话)、产时信息和新生儿基本信息等。筛查标本采集信息(采集日期和采集人)由产科医院录入软件；②新生儿疾病筛查中心对收到筛查标本进行连续性编号后，将编号信息录入软件内对应个案，完成实验检测后筛查结果可录入软件。所有上述信息可通过电子通道传送至网络中心存储器；③筛查结果及复查结果可通过网络计算机查询、流览、打印结果报告单；④根据需要设定管理和统计功能。【结论】应用计算机网络、建立电子通道可对新生儿筛查信息进行共享、录入、传输、存储等，根据需要查询检测结果、打印报告单、设定管理和统计功能，为筛查网络提供高效、准确、简便的新生儿筛查信息服务，提高网络管理水平。     

临床管理信息化平台——产科系统的建立及应用

医院信息化建设的迅速发展,首先为医院管理信息化注入了新的活力,它把医院管理带向了现代化的轨道。与此同时,医院更迫切需求建立临床管理信息化,以实现医疗资源优化,信息共享。解放军第二一○医院产科自2003年12月始,研制开发了《临床管理信息化平台—产科系统》,它是集产科信息数据存储、查询及数据统计为一体的自动化临床信息管理系统。现介绍如下。1设计思路1.1建立产科信息存储系统将所有产科患者信息按“住院信息-分娩信息-新生儿信息”分三个层次存储。三个层次有顺序性和依赖性,如针对某一患者录入住院信息后,单击保存,系统自动进入…     

基于VB.net的期刊稿件管理系统的设计与开发

目的：开发杂志社学术期刊稿件管理系统,简化稿件管理流程。方法系统后台数据库采用SQL sever2012数据库,使用Visual Basic.net作为前端开发语言,开发出了一套界面人性化,信息查询准确、便捷,数据存储安全可靠的期刊稿件管理系统。结果系统管理员和分社编辑利用该系统可以方便快捷地完成稿件信息的录入、审稿管理、各类查询、统计和打印输出等工作,提高了工作效率,使编辑工作流程实现了自动化。结论该系统满足多种信息需求,符合目前编辑部稿件管理工作的各项要求。     

健康体检信息系统的构建与应用

目的：构建网络化的健康体检信息管理系统,满足不断增长的体检业务管理需求。方法：通过系统接口与实验室信息系统进行交互,采用诊断表达式、模板和默认值等方式加快体检数据的录入．以扫描方式存入非数字化的医学图片。结果：开发了健康体检信息系统软件,实现了健康体检工作流程的重建。结论：健康体检信息系统的应用大大减少了重复抄写和录入工作,提高了健康体检管理的工作效率。     

医疗设备管理信息系统的开发与应用

目的：开发一套针对医学工程科使用的医疗设备管理信息系统。方法：以PowerBuilder9.0和SQL Server2000为开发工具,采用客户机/服务器结构,设计信息录入、浏览、查询和统计、报告生成等窗口模块和功能。结果：客户机与服务器数据交互正常,各模块实现了设计功能。结论：该系统的结构与功能适用于医学工程科的工作实践。     

职业病危害因素监测信息管理系统的设计应用

目的职业病危害因素监测信息管理规范化，科学化。方法采用Microsoft Access数据厍，以Delphi 7．0为开发平台，利用ADO的数据库存取功能，建立职业病危害因素监测数据库。结果实现了对用人单位作业场所职业病危害因素监测库数据的录入、编辑、查询、报表、打印等功能。结论极大地方便了职业病危害因素监测信息的管理，提高了工作效率。     

伤员信息采集与管理系统的研制

目的：在野战医疗所实现战伤伤员基本信息的快速采集和战伤救治信息的管理。方法：采用二维电子伤票作为伤员信息载体，使用编程读码器解析伤员信息，再通过信息管理系统实现伤员基本信息、救治信息的管理和资源共享。结果：该系统首次在大规模演练中使用．完成了80人次的伤员信息录入、信息解析和传输、战伤救治信息的管理。结论：伤员的基本信息录入、解析率为100％．信息管理流程符合野战条件需求。     

妇幼统计微机管理系统的研制和应用

我们根据妇幼卫生统计中的实际情况,将省报表研制成统计软件,将省报表中的各种逻辑关系、各种计算、汇总编入程序,用计算机技术对报表的数据信息进行储存、统计、分析、打印。提高了工作效率,降低了劳动强度。本系统以MS-DOS3．0以上版本,UCDOS5．0以上版本为工作环境,以FOXBASE＋2．0为汇编语言,建立了选择录入单位,报表录入、查询、修改、删除、统计、打印和退出八个系统模块。系统工作环境为,硬件：386以上PC兼容机均可;软件：FOXBASE＋2．0以上版本和UCDOS5．0以上版本;输出设备：宽行打印机。系统功能一、录入…     

Excel VBA在康复治疗师数据统计中的应用

目的 探讨Excel VBA在康复治疗师数据统计中的应用。方法 运用Microsoft Office内嵌的Excel VBA程序编写代码，并设计相应的窗体、工程文件、模块，让计算机完成康复治疗师对康复评定、康复治疗、临床检验等数据的统计。结果 通过Excel VBA编程，设计符合康复治疗师临床工作所需的数据统计程序，本研究记录534例康复患者完整的基本信息及治疗过程，提供查询及患者信息录入的窗口界面，并自动保存为占用内存较小格式的数据，实现康复治疗师对患者治疗过程数据的快速查询，实现康复临床科研基本数据的快速积累。结论 使用Excel VBA编程能提高康复治疗师的数据统计效率，减少差错率，提高数据可靠性，从而提高日常工作效率，并为临床科研提供有力支持。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.