Complications and limitations related to periprostatic local anesthesia before TRUS-guided prostate biopsy

PURPOSE: To assess the frequency of complications specifically related to local anesthetic infiltration prior to transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy. METHODS: A total of 200 patients receiving 10 cm(3) (5 cm(3) on each side) of 2% lidocaine injected around the periprostatic nerve plexus under TRUS guidance before prostate biopsy were included. Various complications presumed to be associated with local anesthesia were noted during and after the biopsy procedure. Two weeks later, periprostatic tissue integrity and vascularization were re-examined with TRUS Doppler examination to assess for fibrosis or infection. RESULTS: The most common finding was pain due to puncture with the needle used for local anesthesia (27%). Also recorded were the need for repeated injections during the biopsy procedure (4.5%), symptoms associated with systemic lidocaine toxicity (2%), urinary incontinence (1.5%), and degradation of the image resolution due to anesthetic injection (1%). Increased vascularization within the periprostatic region was uncommon (2%) on the 2-week follow-up examination. No TRUS finding consistent with rectal wall hematoma or other periprostatic change and no erectile dysfunction associated with the procedure occurred. There was a significant difference in overall pain scores between the subgroups of patients (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: TRUS-guided periprostatic nerve blockade is an effective method for relieving discomfort from prostate biopsy with very few complications.     

经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺并发直肠大出血及其处理

目的　探讨经直肠超声 (transrectal ultrasound,TRUS)引导前列腺穿刺活检引起的直肠大出血及其处理方法。方法　回顾性总结 10 96例次 TRUS引导前列腺穿刺活检引起的 11例直肠大出血的临床资料。结果　在 11例患者中 ,前列腺癌 (prostatic carcinoma,PCA) 5例 ,良性前列腺增生 (benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH) 4例 ,前列腺上皮内肿瘤 (prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm ,PIN) 1例 ,前列腺炎 1例 ;7例直肠大出血自行停止 ,4例出血不止 ,并出现生命体征异常 ,需要局部止血和输血。结论　尽管 TRUS引导前列腺穿刺活检可能引起多种并发症 ,但一般不需处理 ,即便并发直肠大出血也能有效地治疗 ,因此 ,它仍然是诊断前列腺癌的可靠方法。     

经直肠与超声引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺活检的比较

目的 :比较直肠指检引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺与超声引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺两种活检方法的阳性率和安全性。方法 :对 136例PSA >4ng /ml或直肠指检异常的患者进行前列腺穿刺活检 ,其中经直肠 2 2例 ,经会阴 114例。结果 :根据不同PSA水平及直肠指检结果分组 ,两组穿刺活检阳性率差异无统计学意义。超声引导下经会阴穿刺感染及便血发生率明显低于直肠指检引导下经直肠穿刺。结论 :直肠指检引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺和超声引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺都是进行前列腺活检的有效方法 ,应根据患者直肠指检、经直肠超声表现以及PSA水平选择穿刺方法 ,而后者的安全性高于前者     

经直肠超声引导经会阴前列腺穿刺活检术安全性评估

目的评价经直肠超声引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺活检术的安全性.方法对60例临床疑前列腺癌患者行经直肠超声引导经会阴前列腺穿刺活检术并随访分析术后并发症情况.随访内容包括术中疼痛和术后感染、血尿、血精、血便、排尿困难等.结果 60例患者术后出现并发症的36例(60%).其中单纯血尿28例(77.7%);血尿伴血精3例(8.3%);血尿伴排尿困难3例(8.3%);血尿伴会阴穿刺处出血2例(5.6%).60例患者术中出现明显疼痛的7例(11.7%).结论经直肠超声引导经会阴前列腺穿刺活检术是一种安全可靠的前列腺活检方法,与经直肠穿刺方法相比,该法降低了术后感染和直肠出血等严重并发症的发生率.     

Use of transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy in the diagnosis of pelvic malignancies

PURPOSE: To describe our experience with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided needle biopsy of pelvic malignancies. METHODS: Eleven patients with clinical suspecion of advanced malignant pelvic tumor were referred to our institution with a history of unsuccessful CT-guided biopsy, although a target lesion was demonstrated on pelvic CT or MRI. Cholin-PET and FDG-18-PET were also obtained individually in each patient. TRUS was performed using a commercially available three-dimensional scanner. Biopsies were performed with an 18G biopsy gun. In 9 of 11 patients, biopsy was successfully performed under analgesia, whereas general anesthesia was required in the other 2 patients. RESULTS: The lesions were identified with TRUS in all patients, and biopsies were taken successfully under TRUS guidance. In all patients, the harvested material was of excellent quality and was adequate for definitive pathological diagnosis. Pathological results included 6 nodal metastases from transitional cell carcinoma, 1 case of lymph node metastasis from prostate cancer, 1 paravesical recurrence of cervical cancer, 1 metastasis from cecal cancer, and 2 cases of paravesical metastasis of a gastric cancer. CONCLUSION: TRUS-guided biopsy is a useful technique for the diagnosis of pelvic malignancies. It is faster and less expensive than CT-guided biopsy, and in most cases sufficient material can be harvested for a definitive pathological diagnosis.     

Role of transrectal ultrasonography in the prediction of prostate cancer: artificial neural network analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of an artificial neural network (ANN) model with and without transrectal ultrasonographic (TRUS) data. METHODS: Six hundred eighty-four consecutive patients who had undergone TRUS-guided prostate biopsy from May 2003 to January 2005 were enrolled. We constructed 2 ANN models. One (ANN_1) incorporated patient age, digital rectal examination findings, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, PSA density, transitional zone volume, and PSA density in the transitional zone as input data, whereas the other (ANN_2) was constructed with the above and TRUS findings as input data. The performances of these 2 ANN models according to PSA levels (group A, 0-4 ng/mL; group B, 4-10 ng/mL; and group C, >10 ng/mL) were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS: Of the 684 patients who underwent prostate biopsy, 214 (31.3%) were confirmed to have prostate cancer; of 137 patients with positive digital rectal examination results, 60 (43.8%) were confirmed to have prostate cancer; and of 131 patients with positive TRUS findings, 93 (71%) were confirmed to have prostate cancer. In groups A, B, and C, the AUCs for ANN_1 were 0.738, 0.753, and 0.774, respectively; the AUCs for ANN_2 were 0.859, 0.797, and 0.894. In all groups, ANN_2 showed better accuracy than ANN_1 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: According to receiver operating characteristic analysis, ANN with TRUS findings was found to be more accurate than ANN without. We conclude that TRUS findings should be included as an input data component in ANN models used to diagnose prostate cancer.     

Endoscopic treatment of massive rectal bleeding following prostate needle biopsy.

We describe two cases of massive rectal bleeding following needle biopsy of the prostate. In each case, colonoscopic evaluation revealed bleeding from the biopsy site. Bleeding was controlled with the placement of a single band in one case, and with epinephrine injection in the other. Endoscopic evaluation of patients presenting with severe rectal bleeding following needle biopsy of the prostate may allow immediate therapy.     

经直肠超声及其穿刺活检对前列腺增生与前列腺癌的鉴别诊断价值

目的 评价经直肠超声检查及其穿刺活检对鉴别前列腺增生症与前列腺癌的价值。方法 将40例前列腺疾病患者术后病理分组，与术前经直肠超声检查声像图以及13例穿刺活检结果对照分析。结果 术后前列腺增生组27例，前列腺增生伴炎症组4例，前列腺癌组9例，术前经直肠超声检查诊断前列腺增生27例，疑诊前列腺癌13例并行穿刺活检，其中6例术前穿刺确诊为前列腺癌，3例前列腺癌未穿刺，但术后病理证实，经直肠前列腺癌超声诊断敏感性66．7％，特异性77．4％，准确性75％；而本组穿刺活检对前列腺癌选择性检出率为46．2％，其准确性、敏感性、特异性均为100％。结论 经直肠二维及彩色多普勒超声检查对于鉴别良性前列腺增生症与前列腺癌有着重要价值，可以选择性提高穿刺活检中前列腺癌的检出率，而结合经直肠超声检查的前列腺穿刺活检术则是发现并确诊前列腺癌的有效方法。     

Transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate gland: value of 12 versus 6 cores

We investigated the effect on prostate carcinoma detection of 12 versus 6 core biopsies at transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), when all biopsies are taken from the lateral peripheral zone. This was a prospective study of 202 consecutive men, ages 51 to 81 years, referred for TRUS-guided biopsy of the prostate gland. All patients had prostate serum antigen levels higher than 4.0 ng/mL and/or abnormal digital rectal examination. In each case three biopsies were taken from the peripheral zones of the right and left lobes of the prostate. Biopsies were taken at the apex, midway between the apex and the base, and at the base. A second set of biopsies was taken from the same regions and analyzed separately. In total, twelve biopsies were taken. Note was subsequently made of additional carcinoma diagnosis increase in Gleason grade, and new diagnoses of carcinoma in the opposite side of the gland diagnosed on the second set of biopsies alone. Seventy-eight of the 202 men (38.6%) had prostatic carcinoma diagnosed on TRUS-guided biopsy. Of these 78 patients, six were diagnosed with malignancy based on the second set of biopsies alone, a 2.9% increase in the 202 patients, representing an increased yield of 8.3% (95% confidence interval, 5.3â€28.6%). In nine cases (12.5%; 95% confidence interval, 6.2â€22.9%), the Gleason tumor grade was increased on the second set of sextant biopsies; in an additional nine cases, carcinoma was detected in the opposite side of the gland. There were two complications (1%). A 12- versus six-core biopsy strategy for TRUS-guided biopsy of the prostate gland improves detection and histologic grading of prostate carcinoma. The added benefit of additional biopsies was lower in this series than in some prior studies using extensive biopsy protocols.     

经直肠超声诊断前列腺癌的临床价值

目的探讨经直肠超声检查前列腺癌的临床价值。方法应用经直肠超声对临床拟诊53例前列腺癌患进行检查，观察前列腺内腺及外腺回声，发现形态不规则低回声区，仔细分辨与周围组织的关系，并行彩色及能量多普勒血流显像。结果经穿刺活检及手术病理证实46例为前列腺癌，7例为前列腺增生，诊断符合率为86．8％。结论经直肠超声显示前列腺癌声像图的敏感性及特征性较腹部超声明显增高，结合直肠指检(DRE)及前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)测定可提高前列腺癌的检出率。     

Routine use of transrectal ultrasound in rectal carcinoma: results of a prospective multicenter study

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Preoperative transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) can establish the depth of penetration of a tumor, and thus provide important information for decisions about further management. In the literature, this method is reported to have a high level of sensitivity and specificity. Our investigation aimed at establishing the quality of the diagnostic procedure and treatment of colorectal carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This investigation, which covered a 1-year period, and involved 75 hospitals, was conducted in the form of a prospective multicenter study and included a total of 3756 patients. For rectal carcinomas, all endosonographically determined uT categories were compared with histologically established T categories (pT). RESULTS: At 49 hospitals a total of 499 TRUS examinations in 1463 rectal carcinomas (34.1 %) were performed. A comparison of uT with pT category was possible for 422 TRUS examinations. Agreement between the preoperative endosonographic diagnosis with the histological diagnosis was found in 63.3 % (n = 267) of cases (95 % confidence interval 58.5 % - 67.9 %). The diagnostic accuracy was 50.8 % for pT1 carcinomas, 58.3 % for pT2 lesions, 73.5 % for pT3 tumors, and 44.4 % for pT4 carcinomas. Overstaging was observed in 23.9 %, overall, and understaging in 12.8 %. Understaging was significantly less common than overstaging (P < 0.05, s.). CONCLUSION: The accuracy of transrectal ultrasound used as a routine clinical examination in rectal carcinoma patients was clearly lower than that reported in the literature. We conclude that TRUS may aid decisions relevant to treatment only when used by well-trained investigators with a large case load of rectal carcinoma patients. Centralization of transrectal ultrasonography service is mandatory if a high level of quality is to be achieved with this method.     

Patients' tolerance and early complications of transrectal sonographically guided prostate biopsy: prospective study of 300 patients

PURPOSE: To determine the degree of pain and discomfort associated with transrectal sonography (TRS)-guided biopsy of the prostate and to analyze the complications associated with this procedure. METHODS: Three hundred men referred as part of an investigation to exclude prostate cancer were studied. The reasons for referral were suspected prostate cancer due to increased serum prostate-specific antigen level (>4 ng/ml), the finding of a palpable nodule or greater firmness of one prostatic lobe than the other on digital rectal examination, or the finding of a suspicious area of neoplasm of the prostate on TRS biopsy. All TRS-guided biopsies were performed as outpatient procedures without anesthesia. Ciprofloxacin prophylaxis was used in all patients before biopsy. Tolerance of the procedure was recorded immediately after the examination and graded on a scale of 0-4 as follows: 0, no pain; 1, very mild pain; 2, moderate pain; 3, severe pain; 4, intolerable pain. Complications recorded in the first week after the procedure were analyzed. They included mild pain, self-limiting hematuria, hematospermia, rectal bleeding, severe hematuria, septicemia, severe hemorrhage of the anus, and vasovagal attack. RESULTS: Out of 300 TRS-guided biopsies, 10 early complications were recorded. The most frequent was septicemia, which was seen in 5 cases (1.7%). Hematuria occurred in 29 patients, 3 of which were severe. Rectal bleeding and vasovagal attack occurred in 1 patient each. All patients made a full recovery with appropriate conservative management. Ten cases (3.33%) of severe pain (grade 3) and intolerable pain (grade 4) were observed. Three out of these 10 patients completed the procedure. The procedure was terminated in 1 patient, and 6 patients required local anesthetic due to perianal disease. CONCLUSIONS: TRS-guided prostate biopsy can be performed without local anesthesia in 90% of patients. Prophylactic antibiotics are mandatory to minimize approximately infectious complications.     

Correlation between hypoechoic nodules on ultrasonography and benign hyperplasia in the prostatic outer gland.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to study the correlation between hypoechoic nodules detected on ultrasonography and benign hyperplasia in the prostatic outer gland (POG) diagnosed by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided biopsies. METHODS: The TRUS-guided biopsies were performed on 472 patients suspected of having prostate cancer. Specimens obtained by biopsies were independently assessed by pathologists at 3 hospitals. RESULTS: The histologic results of 310 patients (65.68%) were benign. Focal hypoechoic nodules located in the POG were found in 240 patients (50.8%) on TRUS scans. Among them, in 22 patients (9.17% of the 240 patients with hypoechoic nodules), benign hyperplasia was found in focal hypoechoic nodules located in the POG. Focal nodules were seen as well circumscribed with an ovoid shape and smooth surface in 18 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Benign hyperplasia may sometimes originate in the POG and may appear as a hypoechoic nodule, similar to the appearance of prostate cancer.     

Contrast‐Enhanced Transrectal Ultrasound for Follow‐up After Focal HIFU Ablation for Prostate Cancer

The optimal strategy for imaging after focal therapy for prostate cancer is evolving. This series is an initial report on the use of contrast‐enhanced transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in follow‐up of patients after high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) hemiablation for prostate cancer. In 7 patients who underwent HIFU hemiablation, contrast‐enhanced TRUS findings were as follows: (1) contrast‐enhanced TRUS clearly showed the HIFU ablation defect as a sharply marginated nonenhancing zone in all patients; (2) contrast‐enhanced TRUS identified suspicious foci of recurrent enhancement within the ablation zone in 2 patients, facilitating image‐guided prostate biopsy, which showed prostate cancer; and (3) contrast‐enhanced TRUS findings correlated with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and biopsy histologic findings.     

Multiparametric Ultrasound for Targeting Prostate Cancer: Combining ARFI,SWEI, QUS and B-Mode

Diagnosing prostate cancer through standard transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy is challenging because of the sensitivity and specificity limitations of B-mode imaging. We used a linear support vector machine (SVM) to combine standard TRUS imaging data with acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging data, shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) data and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) midband fit data to enhance lesion contrast into a synthesized multiparametric ultrasound volume. This SVM was trained and validated using a subset of 20 patients and tested on a second subset of 10 patients. Multiparametric US led to a statistically significant improvements in contrast, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and generalized CNR (gCNR) when compared with standard TRUS B-mode and SWEI; in contrast and CNR when compared with MF; and in CNR when compared with ARFI. ARFI, MF and SWEI also outperformed TRUS B-mode in contrast, with MF outperforming B-mode in CNR and gCNR as well. ARFI, although only yielding statistically significant differences in contrast compared with TRUS B-mode, captured critical qualitative features for lesion identification. Multiparametric US enhanced lesion visibility metrics and is a promising technique for targeted TRUS-guided prostate biopsy in the future.     

Prostatic abscess: transrectal color Doppler ultrasonic diagnosis and minimally invasive therapeutic management

The purpose of this study was to analyze the transrectal ultrasound (US), or TRUS, and color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) findings and therapeutic strategies with TRUS-guided procedures in 13 patients with prostatic abscess. Over a period of 6 years, 18 prostatic abscesses were diagnosed in 13 patients (mean age: 59 years). Diagnostic workup included TRUS, analysis of midstream urine, and analysis and culture of abscess fluid for leukocytes and pathogens. These patients were treated either conservatively (for abscess cavities < 1 cm in diameter), or by aspiration or draining procedures (cavities > or = 1 cm). The transrectal CDU findings were correlated to the treatment effects. The predisposing factors were also reviewed. In the 13 patients, the most common clinical symptom and sign were urinary frequency (77%) and pus cell in the midstream urine (92%). Predisposing factors were found in 11 men, with diabetes in 5 of them. In 10 patients, the definitive preinterventional diagnosis was based on the TRUS findings. TRUS with probe palpation demonstrated tiny floating echogenic speckles in the abscess cavity in 4 patients. CDU demonstrated increased color-flow signals at the margin and surrounding tissue of the abscess pockets. Abscesses with poorly defined boundaries had more prominent surrounding color-flow signals and achieved, with relative difficulty, a satisfactory aspiration procedure. Aspiration was done for all 11 abscesses between 1 and 3 cm. A total of 4 larger abscesses (> 3.0 cm) were treated with aspiration or drainage using a 5-French pigtail catheter. No surgical drainage was performed. Transrectal CDU may help in the evaluation of maturity of an abscess pocket. US-guided aspiration with an 18-gauge needle or drainage with a 5-French pigtail catheter significantly shortened the hospital stay.     

经直肠实时组织弹性成像联合峰值应变指数靶向穿刺活检诊断外周带前列腺癌的价值

目的 探讨经直肠实时组织弹性成像（TRTE）联合峰值应变指数（PSI）靶向穿刺活检诊断外周带前列腺癌的应用价值。方法 选取于我院就诊的127例疑似外周带前列腺癌患者,均行经直肠超声（TRUS）和TRTE检查,计算PSI;然后行TRUS系统穿刺活检、TRTE联合PSI靶向穿刺活检,根据手术病理结果分为前列腺癌组92例和良性病变组35例,比较两组PSI和各临床资料的差异;比较TRUS系统穿刺活检与TRTE联合PSI靶向穿刺活检对外周带前列腺癌的检出率及穿刺点阳性率;绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析TRTE联合PSI靶向穿刺活检对外周带前列腺癌的诊断效能。结果 前列腺癌组PSI、血清前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）均高于良性病变组,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.001）。92例外周带前列腺癌患者中,TRTE联合PSI靶向穿刺活检诊断85例,TRUS系统穿刺活检诊断78例,二者对外周带前列腺癌的检出率比较（66.9%vs. 61.4%）,差异无统计学意义。127例患者共穿刺1524针,其中TRUS系统穿刺1270针,TRTE联合PSI靶向穿刺254针,二者穿刺点阳性率比较（17.9%vs....     

Contrast-Specific Spherical Lesion Phantoms and Ancillary Analysis Software for the Objective Evaluation of Transrectal Ultrasound System Contrast Detectability

Brachytherapy is an efficacious treatment option because of its benefits for patient recovery, dose localization and conformity, but these favorable outcomes can be ensured only if the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) system is optimized for the specific application of ultrasound-guided prostate brachytherapy. The ability to delineate the prostate from surrounding tissue during TRUS-guided prostate brachytherapy is vital for treatment planning, and consequently, so is the contrast resolution. This study describes the development of task-specific contrast-detail phantoms with clinically relevant contrast and spherical target sizes for contrast-detail performance evaluation of TRUS systems used in the brachytherapy procedure. The procedure for objective assessment of the contrast detectability of the TRUS systems is also described; a program was developed in MATLAB (R2017a, The MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) to quantitatively analyze image quality in terms of the lesion signal-to-noise ratio (LSNR) and validated with representative control test images. The LSNR of the Hitachi EUB-7500A (2013, Hitachi, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) TRUS system was measured on sagittal and transverse TRUS images of the contrast-detail phantoms described in this work. Results revealed the efficacy of the device as an image quality evaluation tool and the impact of the size, depth and relative contrast of the targets to the surrounding tissue on the contrast detectability of a TRUS system for both transducer arrays. The MATLAB program objectively measured the contrast detectability of the TRUS system and has the potential to determine optimized imaging parameters that could be designed as part of standardization of the imaging protocol used in TRUS-guided prostate brachytherapy for prostate cancer.     

经直肠超声检查对前列腺癌穿刺点选择的价值

目的：探讨经直肠超声(transrectal ultrasonography，TRUS)对前列腺穿刺活检选点的价值。方法：135例前列腺穿刺活检患者术前行TRUS检查，对324个穿刺部位的声像图与病理结果对照分析。结果：324个穿刺部位病理证实为前列腺癌的120个，前列腺增生症175个，前列腺炎29个。在120个前列腺癌部位TRUS发现异常回声结节、局部血流增多等异常目标的有86个，无异常目标的为34个。TRUS检查对前列腺癌穿刺选点的敏感性71．7％(86／120)，特异性76．5％(156／204)。结论：TRUS有助于前列腺癌穿刺活检的选点。     

声诺维在扩大的经直肠超声前列腺穿刺活检中的应用

目的探讨声诺维在扩大的经直肠超声前列腺穿刺活检中的应用。方法102例患者因血清tPSA〉4ng／ml或伴前列腺硬结接受穿刺活检术,其中43例检查中接受静脉注射超声造影剂一声诺维。声诺维组与普通组比较,平均年龄、平均tPSA以及可疑指检率分别为67．5：68．7岁、26．2：28．6ng／ml和24．3％：25．1％,差别无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。作者采用改良Norberg穿刺方案,即首先系统穿刺8针,若实时超声或注射声诺维后发现可疑低回声结节,再增加1～3针重点穿刺。回顾性比较声诺维组与普通组活检病理阳性率及准确性。结果声诺维组43例接受穿刺446针,平均10．4针;普通组59例接受穿刺571针,平均9．7针;两组平均穿刺针数差别无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。病理诊断表明,声诺维组前列腺癌9例,阳性率为20．9％,普通组12例,阳性率为20．3％,两组阳性率差别无统计学意义（P〉0．01）。但石蜡病理显示,声诺维组446针标本中,阳性针数54针,阳性率为12．1％;普通组571针标本中,阳性针数46针,阳性率为8．1％;两者阳性率比较,差别有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。在HGPIN或ASAP病例中,声诺维组7例,发生率为16．3％;普通组9例,15．2％;两组差别无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。提示声诺维能提高多普勒超声对前列腺可疑恶性结节的分辨率,但对HGPIN或ASAP诊断帮助不大。结论采用造影剂一声诺维进行扩大的经直肠多普勒超声活检能明显提高前列腺癌的诊断敏感性。该方法安全易行,便于门诊开展。