医学论文的撰写技巧

医学论文是医学科学研究工作者辛勤劳动的结晶,是医学科学研究工作的重要组成部分。掌握写作医学论文的正确方法,注重论文的结构设计,了解论文的写作特点,培养医学论文撰写能力,将所从事的研究工作科学、系统地在医学论文中反映出来,是广大医务工作者应该掌握的基本技能。     

医学论文写作中的有关统计学问题

医学论文写作中的有关统计学问题胡树长（学报院报编辑部）医学论文是医学科学研究及医学实践经验的书面总结，是科研实践过程和学术成果的真实记录。在论文中能否真实客观地反映研究成果和学术水平，不仅取决于作者的写作水平，更重要的还取决于研究选题的先进性、研究设...     

英文医学科技论文写作方法与技巧

中国人一些高质量的科学研究因未能在国际期刊发表，痛失了在国际上展示自己工作与成果的机会。要想与国外同仁共享自己的成果，用英文写作必不可少。除英文水平外，英文科技论文还是大有规律可循。笔者根据自己的写作经验，就英文医学科技论文的写作意义、写作规律、方法和技巧作了介绍，以求共同探讨与提高。     

怎样撰写医学视听教育论文

医学视听教育论文是医学视听教育理论与实践研究的成果,也是指导医学视听教育发展的理论基础,对深化医学教育改革具有迫切性和重要性。论文应具有创新性、可信性与可读性。撰写论文应从选题入手,经过充分的准备,开始进行写作,构思结构,拟写提纲,精心起草,反复修改,精益求精,严格按论文规范写作,一丝不苟。充分地阐明论文的观点、原理、方法及预期达到目标,客观是反映作者认识上的深化和科学的抽象过程,以及研究工作的成就。     

医学实验设计和撰写医学论文(三)

3 怎样撰写医学科学论文论文有实验医学科学论文、文献综述论文和学位论文。本文只介绍怎样写作医学科学论文。为什么要写论文,其目的与要求是什么?科学论文就是科学研究工作的文字记录和总结。把以往基础研究和临床研究过程中,我们所用的方法,所观察到的现象和所得的数据,通过运用辩证唯物的科学方法,进行整理与分析,得出正确结论,使研究工作上升到理性认识阶段,这是其目的之一。其次,将科研成果以文字形式公诸于世,以便交流与推广,这是另一个目的。因此写作论文是一件严     

开展医学写作研究是提高临床医生素质的有效途径

在临床工作中 ,谈及医学写作 ,人们往往想到的只是医学论文的写作 ,其实 ,医学论文写作仅仅是医学写作的内容之一。广义地讲 ,医学写作就是应用文字符号来记录、表达、交流医学思想的书面语言活动过程。可以说 ,医学写作广泛地渗透于临床实践、医学研究、医学教育、医疗管理以及医学科普创作、医学新闻报道等项活动中。医疗单位、医学科研院所、医学院校、医学出版单位等的写作活动是医学写作的主要研究对象。医学写作贯穿于临床医生工作的始终 ,是临床医生工作的有机部分。因此 ,积极开展医学写作研究工作 ,对于提高临床医生素质尤为重要。…     

选题是科技写作的关键

文章内容的优劣，首先取决于选题，因为选题决定了科学研究的方向以及可能取得的成果，成果的价值决定了论文的价值。所以，选题是前提，是关键。只有选好题，又善于写作，才能生产出高质量、有价值的论文。否则，即使有点石成金的写作本领，也无法生产出有价值的科技论文...     

医学科研及写作中统计方法的正确选择及应用

医学是一门严谨的学科,医学研究的成败取决于医学科研设计的好坏。医学科研设计是医学统计学最重要、最关键的步骤之一。因此,医学统计的合理选择及应用直接影响到医学研究及写作的质量。由于还没有接触科研课题,大多数医学生在学习期间无法深刻体会到该课程的实用性、重要性,对统计学的掌握也就没有真正到位,这对以后的科学研究或多或少会造成一些影响。现就常见医学科研及写作中统计方法的正确选择及应用问题进行探讨。     

医学科技论文撰写及投稿技巧

医学科技论文是医学科学研究的具体体现和结晶，对医学生、研究生和医务工作者来说，医学科技论文撰写也是一门基本功。但目前有部分人员由于对科技论文撰写的知识了解不多，或是未掌握投稿技巧，虽然在论文写作方面下了不少功夫，但刊用率较低。笔者对论文撰写及投稿的一些技巧作一介绍。     

医学论文选题体会

俗话说，良好的开端是成功的一半。对于医学科研、论文写作来说，选题是否正确合理．是决定研究工作和医学论文写作成政的重要因素之一。现就本人近年来临床论文写作选题的点滴体会介绍如下．供同道者参考。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.