湖南农业大学1999～200O级新生HBV感染调查

人校学生HBsAg感染率两年差异无显著性,新生中存在ALT异常者.     

丽江市两所高等学校新生HBV感染状况分析

[目的]了解大学新生乙型肝炎摘毒感染状况,为防治工作提供依据.[方法]2005～2006年共计检测新生8540人,运用酶联免疫法进行HBsAg检测,对HBsAg阳性者再行HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc检测.结果我市两校新生两年HBV感染率为4.33%,云大旅游学院、教育学院新生感染率分别为5.88%、3.00%.抗-HBs阳性率为42.06%.[结论]为预防和控制HBV在高校内传染,应加强新生中的HBV检测,采取乙肝疫苗注射、加强健康教育等措施进行预防.     

挑生地、熟地,"怀货"为贵

河南特大暴雨后,短短10天,地黄身价暴涨50％. 地黄是什么?我们常说的生地、熟地都是简称,它们其实叫生地黄、熟地黄. 地黄跟河南暴雨,怎么扯上关系? 原来,河南焦作产的"怀地黄",是道地药材,中医公认其质优效佳. 称为"怀"是由于,现在河南焦作、济源及新乡一带,古时叫"怀庆府". 怀地黄与怀牛膝、怀山药、怀菊花,是地道的"四大怀药".     

妇女对乳腺癌、宫颈癌筛查的知晓及意愿调查

目的 了解妇女对 "宫颈癌、乳腺癌"筛查的意愿,评估"两癌"筛查健康传播的效果,为全国顺利开展"两癌"筛查工作提供参考.方法 采用横断面调查,在2009年9月对北京市各级妇幼保健院门诊就医妇女700人进行问卷调查.结果 北京市户籍人口对北京市开展"两癌"筛查行动知晓率达到90.3%,高于非户籍人口的62.9%.86.9%的妇女"两癌"筛查信息来自于社区街道、村里、医院、媒体宣传.知晓"两癌"筛查信息者比不知道筛查信息者更愿意接受"两癌"筛查.44.4%的人明确表示,如果没有政府的"两癌"免费筛查,自己不会花钱去做检查.结论 "两癌"筛查受到群众欢迎,获知信息有助于提高筛查率,北京市"两癌"筛查健康传播策略取得较好效果.     

大学入校新生结核病调查分析

目的探讨大学入校新生人群中结核病发病率(结核菌素试验强阳性率).方法对2004、2005两届入校的4400名新生进行PPD试验,强阳性人员加做X线检查.结果两届入校新生PPD强阳性率为7.66%(337/4400),其中2004年入校新生PPD强阳性率为7.22%(158/2188),2005年入校新生PPD强阳性率为8.10%(179/2212),2005年入校新生PPD强阳性率高于2004年入校新生;两届入校男生PPD强阳性率为10.45%,女生PPD强阳性率为5.94%,两者存在显著差异(P＜0.005);农村户口学生的PPD强阳性率与城市户口学生的PPD强阳性率相比较,两者无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论大学入校新生人群中结核病发病率呈上升趋势;男生PPD强阳性率明显高于女生;农村户口学生PPD强阳性率与城市户口学生相比无差异性;对于大学入校新生进行PPD筛查有助于结核病的早发现,早诊断,早干预,可有效避免结核病在人员相对集中、接触相对频繁的大学校园内的蔓延,降低结核病的传染率;同时认为结核菌素(PPD)试验具有灵敏度较高、特异性较强的特点,有助于判断有无结核菌的感染,简便易行,适于大范围人群流调,仍旧是结核病综合诊断中最常用的有效手段之一,是临床上值得肯定的检查方法.     

神仙之食--山药

山药为薯蓣科多年蔓生草本植物薯蓣的块根,原产于河南焦作地区(古称怀庆府),故称怀山药.今河南其它地区、河北、山西、陕西、山东及中南、西南地区也有栽培.……     

某高校大学新生艾滋病知识、态度的现况调查

[目的]了解大学新生关于艾滋病的知识、态度和行为的现况,为有效开展大学生艾滋病的健康教育提供科学依据. [方法]以不记名问卷调查方式,对南充市某高校535名入学新生进行了问卷调查. [结果]被调查的新生对艾滋病3条主要传播途径的知晓率较高(>90%),但对一般日常生活接触是否传播AIDS的知晓率偏低,如蚊虫叮咬不会传播的知硗率只有39.8%;97.5%的学生认为自己感染艾滋病的机会很小.部分学生对艾滋病病人或病毒感染者任存在恐惧心理. [结论]目前大学新生对艾滋病知识掌握并不全面,应在大学生中继续加强系统性的、有针对性的AIDS健康教育,以达到大学生预防艾滋病的最终目的.     

2008年五莲县入校新生HBsAg、HBeAg状况调查

目的为了解五莲县人校新生HBsAg、HBeAg携带情况,减少乙肝在学生之间的传播。方法从五莲县城区和乡镇随机抽取小学、初中、高中人校新生的班级各5个,学生共3410名,全部抽血检验HBsAg、HBeAg。结果2008年五莲县部分人校新生HBsAg阳性率为6．19％;HBeAg阳性率为1．38％,占HBsAg阳性数的22．27％。HBsAg阳性率,HBeAg阳性率以高中入校新生为最高,分别为9．09％,2％;以小学入校新生为最低,分别为4．17％,0．68％。结论高中入校新生HBsAg、HBeAg阳性率增高,可能与他们学龄长。受感染的机会多有关系。     

某高职校新生乙肝感染及疫苗接种情况

目的了解高职校新生乙肝疫苗接种及HBV感染情况,为预防乙肝提供参考。方法对某高职校2007级新生2 432人进行乙肝疫苗接种情况的问卷调查,同时用ELISA法检测每个新生的血清HBsAg和抗-HBs,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果72.00%的新生接种过乙肝疫苗,城市学生接种率高于农村学生(p<0.05),女生接种率高于男生(p<0.05)。HBsAg阳性率2.34%,男生为5.34%,女生为1.06%,男生HBsAg阳性率高于女生(p<0.05);农村学生HBsAg阳性率3.28%,城市学生为0.68%,农村学生HBsAg阳性率高于城市学生(p<0.5)。抗-HBs阳性率为74.38%,女生抗-HBs阳性率85.83%,男生为47.74%,女生抗-HBs阳性率高于男生(p<0.05);城市学生抗-HBs阳性率92.80%,农村学生64.00%,城市学生抗-HBs阳性率高于农村学生(p<0.05)。结论高职校新生仍须注意乙肝预防;农村生源和男生抗-HBs阴性者为重点预防对象,接种乙肝疫苗为有效预防手段。     

高一新生体验式心理教育的效果评价

目的本研究通过对两所学校高一新生入学的体验式心理教育活动，考察其对学习成绩和心理素质的影响。方法对两校高一新生189人进行实验处理，对比接受体验式心理教育的实验班与对照班各项指标的差异。结果新生入学的体验式心理教育对学生学习成绩及教师教学效率的影响效果显著；对认知驱力学习动机、自我价值驱力学习动机、学业自我效能感、元认知监控能力和班级凝聚力的影响效果显著。结论体验式心理教育通过促进学生非智力因素的发展以及学习型组织的建立，从而提高了学生学习成绩。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Changes in immune function in asthma in the elderly

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.     

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition in Beef in Italy

Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.