剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠15例临床分析

目的研究剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠（CSP）两种治疗方法的临床效果,探讨CSP合理有效的治疗方案。方法将收治的15例CSP患者随机分为两组,研究组9例（药物＋吸宫＋子宫瘢痕妊娠处注射甲氨蝶呤）,对照组6例（药物＋吸宫）,观察两组患者术后第5天血HCG、术中术后出血量（称重法）、住院时间及出院1周血HCG等情况。结果研究组在术后5d血HCG下降、术中术后出血量、住院时间及出院1周血HCG方面较对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论药物＋吸宫＋子宫瘢痕妊娠处注射MTX组效果优于药物＋吸宫组,且安全可靠,成功率较高。     

Laparoscopic Management or Laparoscopy Combined with Transvaginal Management of Type II Cesarean Scar Pregnancy

Objective:

To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of laparoscopic management of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) by deep implantation.

Background:

A pregnancy implanting within the scar from a previous cesarean delivery is a rare condition of ectopic pregnancy. There are two different types of CSPs. Type I is caused by implantation of the amniotic sac on the scar with progression toward either the cervicoisthmic space or the uterine cavity. Type II (CSP-II) is caused by deep implantation into a previous CS defect with infiltrating growth into the uterine myometrium and bulging from the uterine serosal surface, which may result in uterine rupture and severe bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy. Thus, timely management with an early and accurate diagnosis of CSP-II is important. However, laparoscopic management in CSP-II has not yet been evaluated.

Methods:

Eleven patients with CSP-II underwent conservative laparoscopic surgery or laparoscopy combined with transvaginal bilateral uterine artery ligation and resection of the scar with gestational tissue and wound repair to preserve the uterus from March 2008 to November 2011. Patients with CSP-II were diagnosed using color Doppler sonography, and the diagnosis was confirmed by laparoscopy. The operation time, the blood loss during surgery, the levels of β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) before surgery, the time taken for serum β-hCG levels to return to <100 mIU/mL postoperatively, and the time for the uterine body to revert to its original state were retrospectively analyzed.

Results:

All 11 operations were successfully performed using laparoscopy with preservation of the uterus. One patient underwent a dilation and curettage after laparoscopic bilateral uterine artery ligation. Eight patients were treated solely by laparoscopic bilateral uterine artery ligation and resection of the scar with gestational tissue and wound repair. The remaining two patients underwent laparoscopic bilateral uterine artery ligation and transvaginal resection of the CS with gestational tissue and wound repair because of dense adhesions and heavy bleeding. The average operation time was 85.5 (±17.5) minutes, and the blood loss was 250.0 (±221.4) mL. The blood serum level of β-hCG returned to <100 mIU/mL in 16.4 (±5.3) days postoperatively. Among the 10 patients who underwent resection of CS and wound repair, the time for the uterus to revert to its original state (judged by ultrasonography) was 10.8 (±3.0) days postoperatively.

Conclusions:

Laparoscopy can remove ectopic gestational tissue and allow subsequent wound repair, as well as provide diagnostic confirmation. Being a minimally invasive procedure, laparoscopic or laparoscopy combined with transvaginal bilateral uterine artery ligation and resection of the scar with gestational tissue and wound repair can become an effective alternative for the treatment of CSP-II.     

经导管子宫动脉介入治疗联合妊娠囊清除术治疗剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠现状

剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠(CSP)易出现子宫破裂、出血及胎盘异常等严重并发症。经导管子宫动脉介入治疗联合妊娠囊清除术既能预先阻断妊娠囊血供,降低子宫破裂、出血风险,又能有效控制术中出血,现已成为治疗CSP的主要方法。本文就经导管子宫动脉介入治疗联合妊娠囊清除术治疗CSP现状进行综述。     

剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠17例临床分析

目的探讨剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠（CSP）的临床特点及治疗方法。方法对我院2007年1月～2010年8月收治的17例剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠患者的临床数据进行回顾性分析。结果 17例患者中12例停经后有不规则阴道流血,6例患者人工流产术中大出血,3例人工流产术后阴道淋漓出血,6例术前明确诊断,均通过彩超诊断瘢痕妊娠,14例予子宫动脉栓塞术联合刮宫术均治疗成功,1例予药流后行清宫术,2例吸宫术发生大出血致休克直接行子宫切除术。结论子宫动脉栓塞术联合刮宫术是治疗剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠最快捷、最有效的方法。     

Three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound diagnosis and laparoscopic management of a pregancy in a previous cesarean scar

An ectopic pregnancy developing in a previous Cesarean section scar is a rare event, and there is still a lack of information concerning the adequacy of management strategies. So far, no modality can guarantee the integrity of the uterus. We report the case of a 29-year-old woman with three Cesarean deliveries who was transferred to our hospital with a diagnosis of cervical pregnancy. Transvaginal three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound revealed a well-encapsulated bulging mass displacing anteriorly over the lower anterior uterine wall sounding with an irregular course and branching vessels. The diagnosis of pregnancy in a previous Cesarean scar was made. Laparoscopic ligation of bilateral uterine arteries followed by excision of the ectopic pregnant mass was undertaken, and the patient's uterus was successfully preserved. Conservative management with the laparoscopic approach may be a safe and effective alternative to hysterectomy in patients with a pregnacy in a previous Cesarean scar.     

剖宫产瘢痕妊娠微创治疗价值的探讨

目的探讨血管介入联合内镜微创治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP)的疗效。方法对2003年5月~2009年5月我院收治的血β-HCG水平接近或大于5 000 IU/L的30例CSP患者,行子宫动脉插管灌注甲氨蝶呤(m ethotrexate,MTX)加双侧子宫动脉栓塞,然后行宫腔镜引导下刮宫术,必要时加腹腔镜监视。根据胚胎存活与否及绒毛活性将病灶分为4型,比较各型之间的病情严重程度和疗效的差异性。结果除1例中转经腹行病灶切除加子宫修补术外,29例(96.7%)微创治疗成功。本组平均住院时间(20.3±9.8)d,平均医疗费用(10 276±4 295)元,血β-HCG平均转阴时间(25.4±9.9)d。在临床各型之间,代表病情严重程度的治疗前血β-HCG水平有显著性差异(P<0.05),而代表疗效的住院时间、医疗费用及血β-HCG转阴时间等指标均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论血管介入联合内镜的微创方法治疗CSP具有疗效好、创伤小、恢复快等优点,并能改善重症CSP患者的预后。     

米非司酮联合吸宫术治疗剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠的价值

目的探讨米非司酮联合吸宫术在剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠(CSP)的治疗价值。方法回顾性分析24例CSP患者的临床表现和治疗结局。结果 24例患者均进行口服米非司酮片联合吸宫术,23例成功。1例施行子宫动脉栓塞术后,成功止血;孕囊在4.1cm×1.6cm以下患者出血量显著少于孕囊在4.1cm×1.6cm以上的患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);停经天数60d以内患者出血量显著少于停经天数超过60d的患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于妊囊小、孕期短、血HCG值较低的患者可采用米非司酮联合吸宫术及时终止妊娠,可达到良好的治疗效果,为一种经济、简单,效果较好的治疗方式,但是考虑到大出血的可能,术前应做好应急实施子宫动脉栓塞术的准备。     

Successful management of a patient with Marfan syndrome complicated with acute aortic dissection using landiolol during Cesarean section

Aortic dissection is a lethal complication in pregnant women with Marfan syndrome. To decrease arterial wall stress, beta-blockers have been used as standard treatment, although uterine contractions caused by beta-2-adrenergic receptor antagonism may result. Herein, we report a patient with Marfan syndrome who was given landiolol, a selective beta-1-adrenergic receptor antagonist with a short half-life, for management during a Cesarean section procedure following development of acute aortic dissection. A 30-year-old pregnant woman with Marfan syndrome in the 38th week of gestation was referred to our department for an emergency Cesarean section because of development of acute aortic dissection. Blood pressure (BP) decreased from 157/70 to 128/64 mmHg after giving nicardipine and nitroglycerin. However, heartrate (HR) increased from 112 to 145 bpm, which was reduced to 105 bpm with landiolol, while BP was maintained. A Cesarean section was performed without complications under combined spinal–epidural anesthesia. Hemodynamic state, uterine contraction, and the extent of aortic dissection remained stable. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient and her baby were discharged safely. Landiolol was useful for reduction of HR without affecting BP or uterine contractions during a Cesarean section procedure in our patient with aortic dissection.     

宫腔放置水囊联合腹腔镜下子宫病灶切除在抢救剖宫产瘢痕妊娠初治出血中的应用

目的探讨官腔放置水囊联合腹腔镜下子宫病灶切除在抢救剖宫产瘢痕妊娠初治出血中的可行性及价值。方法2010年10月～2019年6月,对5例初治出血的剖宫产瘢痕妊娠,先在宫腔内放置水囊压迫止血,然后立即行腹腔镜下剖宫产瘢痕妊娠病灶切除及缝合修补。结果5例均获成功,无中转开腹及手术并发症。手术时间35～50min,平均42min。术中出血量10～30ml,平均21ml。术后4周内血β-hCG均降至正常,月经规律来潮。结论官腔放置水囊联合腹腔镜子宫病灶切除具有微创、疗效确切等优点,是抢救初治出血的剖宫产瘢痕妊娠病例的有效方法。     

剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠11例诊治分析

目的：探讨剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠（CSP）的病因、诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾分析2010年1月～2013年12月我院妇科收治的11例CSP患者临床资料。结果11例患者停经40～75d,入院前无痛性阴道流血7例,大出血4例（3例为外院B超检查诊断为宫内孕,1例为我院诊断为难免流产）。11例患者均用甲氨蝶呤＋米非司酮联合治疗,其中4例患者经药物保守治疗查血β-HCG降至正常后出院,7例药物治疗无效转入手术治疗（2例接受了病灶局部切除＋子宫下段修补术,2例患者行双侧髂内动脉结扎术,3例年龄＞35岁、无生育要求者行全子宫次切除术）。7例手术患者术后1个月血β-HCG降至正常,恢复良好,病理证实子宫瘢痕妊娠。结论CSP临床较少见,易误诊,对有剖宫产术史的患者应尽早行阴道彩色多普勒超声检查,结合妇科检查及实验室检查早期明确诊断。     

腹腔镜对剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的诊治价值

目的：探讨腹腔镜对剖宫产瘢痕妊娠（ cesarean scar pregnancy ,CSP）的诊治价值。方法回顾分析2008年2月～2011年12月15例CSP入院即行腹腔镜治疗（腹腔镜监护下清宫或腹腔镜病灶切除及修补术）和12例经保守性治疗（药物或者超声引导下清宫）失败转腹腔镜治疗的临床资料。结果首选腹腔镜手术治疗15例中,1例因探查发现瘢痕缺损较大,出血多,中转开腹;9例行腹腔镜下病灶切除及修补术,其中3例同时行子宫动脉阻断术（uterine artery embolization,UAE）,2例同时行宫腔镜检查;5例行腹腔镜监护下清宫,其中2例同时行宫腔镜检查术。15例均治愈并保留子宫,术后平均29 dβ-hCG降至正常,平均2个月月经复潮,半年后3例再次妊娠（其中1例足月时剖宫产分娩）。保守性治疗失败12例中,7例在腹腔镜监护下清宫,其中1例同时行宫腔镜检查;5例行腹腔镜下病灶切除及修补术,其中2例行UAE,1例行宫腔镜检查术。12例均治愈并保留子宫,术后平均30 dβ-hCG降至正常,平均1个月月经复潮,半年后2例再次妊娠。结论腹腔镜手术能尽早明确诊断,有多种手术方式选择,降低CSP诊治过程中的风险,可以修复瘢痕部位缺陷,是诊断和治疗CSP的理想方法。     

Successful surgical treatment of a giant uterine leiomyoma: A case report

Introduction and importanceUterine leiomyoma is a common disease. The tumor gradually increases and becomes a target for treatment when accompanied by certain symptoms. It rarely grows into a giant uterine leiomyoma, which is defined as leiomyoma weighing >11.34 kg.Case presentationA 58-year-old Japanese woman had a history of putamen hemorrhage and deep vein thrombosis. A giant uterine leiomyoma prevented her from walking, and she scheduled surgery for its removal. The tumor was 46 × 35 × 27 cm, and the uterine arteries and veins were extremely dilated. A blocking balloon catheter was placed in the abdominal aorta to prevent massive bleeding, and a filter was placed in the inferior vena cava to prevent pulmonary thromboembolism. The surgery focused on careful vascular treatment, with selective ligation of the ovarian arteries and veins and the uterine arteries. The total amount of bleeding was 1130 g, and the uterus was removed without complications. The weight of the excised tissue was 22.6 kg.Clinical discussionSurgical treatment of the largest giant uterine leiomyomas is rare and challenging. Previous reports addressed the risk of massive bleeding and perioperative death. Surgery is the best treatment for giant uterine leiomyomas, but perioperative management and surgical procedures require complex and elaborate planning.ConclusionVery few gynecologists have experience treating giant uterine leiomyomas. Successful surgery requires careful surgical preparation, and the gynecological oncologist must have extensive experience with giant leiomyomas.     

经阴道手术治疗剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕部位妊娠

目的探讨经阴道手术治疗剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕部位妊娠（caesareanscarpregnancy,CSP）的价值。方法对我科2009年8月至2012年8月收治的符合CSP诊断标准的21例患者行经阴道手术治疗,采用腰硬联合麻醉,膀胱截石位,按阴道手术常规操作,于宫颈阴道部与阴道前壁交界处,横向切开阴道前壁,上推膀胱腹膜反折2—3cm,暴露子宫前壁下段,见到病灶后,酌情切开子宫前壁下段,吸出病灶。结果2l例CSP行经阴道病灶切除联合子宫修补术,术后平均住院4（3～5）d。均获随访,所有患者手术后3周内血绒毛膜促性腺激素（p—humanchorionicgonadotrophin,p．HCG）降至正常,1～2个月月经恢复正常。结论经阴道手术治疗子宫瘢痕部位妊娠效果确切,疗效好,恢复快,值得临床推广应用。     

宫腔镜联合超声诊治妊娠终止后宫腔异常回声的临床价值

目的探讨宫腔镜联合超声诊治妊娠终止后宫腔内异常回声的临床疗效。方法2005年7月～2007年7月,对正常妊娠终止后超声检查发现宫内异常回声患者45例行宫腔镜联合超声检查,并对宫腔内可疑部位行定位活检,对明确诊断宫内妊娠物残留的患者进行定位刮宫或宫腔镜下妊娠物切除术,合并宫腔粘连或子宫发育异常（如中隔子宫）等宫腔病变的患者,同时进行手术矫治或相应处理。结果45例中39例诊断宫内妊娠物残留（其中合并子宫中隔4例,宫腔粘连3例）,宫腔积血＋子宫内膜炎4例,剖宫产术后子宫切口瘢痕处憩室形成2例。超声诊断阳性预测值86.7%（39/45）,宫腔镜联合超声诊断阳性预测值100%（39/39）;全部宫内残留妊娠物均在宫腔镜下切除,宫腔粘连及子宫中隔同时在宫腔镜下矫治,治愈率100%。剖宫产憩室1例经宫腔镜电凝去除憩室内膜,1例药物治疗。结论宫腔镜联合超声安全、准确,是诊断宫腔妊娠物残留的首选方法;宫腔镜手术定位准确,在直视下切除残留妊娠物,不破坏正常内膜组织,可一并处理宫腔内并存病变。     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声评价子宫动脉栓塞术对子宫瘢痕妊娠的治疗效果

目的采用经阴道彩色多普勒超声评价子宫动脉栓塞术对子宫瘢痕妊娠的治疗效果。方法对15例剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠接受子宫动脉栓塞术治疗的患者于术前及术后1周进行经阴道超声检查,记录妊娠囊大小及血流信息。结果4例（26.67%）治疗后妊娠囊大小无变化;11例（73.33%）缩小;孕囊型回声无变化或无回声区透声欠佳;包块型回声更不均匀,部分包块内见坏死区。治疗前的环状血流变为杂乱的点状血流或血流信号消失。结论子宫动脉栓塞是一种安全有效地防止子宫瘢痕妊娠大出血的预防性治疗方法,经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查可以评价治疗效果。     

Pericardial Repair of Endocardial Defect Following Regional Endocardial Resection for Ventricular Tachycardia

Regional endocardial resection is the accepted surgical treatment for sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. In patients requiring extensive endocardial resection, or with large aneurysms involving the interventricular septum, the resulting defect may result in weakened myocardium and, ultimately, ventricular septal defect or ventricular rupture. A new approach for repair of the resulting defect is proposed using an autogenous pericardial patch sutured to normal endocardium and included in the aneurysm repair. This technique was performed in six patients undergoing surgery for drug refractory ventricular tachycardia. All patients had large anterior left ventricular aneurysms with endocardial scar extending onto the septum. The large endocardial defect left after endocardial resection and aneurysmectomy was repaired with a pericardial patch. No intraoperative complications (e.g., suture line bleeding) were observed as a result of this technique. All patients are alive, and five of the six patients no longer have inducible ventricular tachycardia. An improvement in congestive heart failure symptoms at 1-9 months of follow-up was noted following surgery. We conclude that the pericardium can be safely used to cover endocardial defects resulting from regional endocardial resection for sustained ventricular tachycardia.     

彩色多普勒超声对子宫瘢痕妊娠的临床价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声（彩超）在子宫瘢痕妊娠（CSP）的诊治中的临床价值。方法对住院治疗的9例CSP患者行彩超检查、动态观察;并在其治疗中通过彩超进行监测指导治疗。结果例8的彩超较典型,子宫前壁下段瘢痕部位见胎囊暗区,周边血流丰富;例6虽前壁下段有暗区,而暗区周边及内部却未见血流信号;例1～5和例9示子宫下段瘢痕部位不均质不规则团块,周边血流丰富,呈高速低阻血流图;例7子宫大,宫腔内多个不规则无回声区,示宫腔积血。例2、例8、例9治疗期间彩超动态观察,当提示包块周边血流不丰富时行清宫术。结论彩超可作为CSP主要的诊断依据;并在治疗中起指导作用。     

Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery for a rudimentary uterine horn with two non-communicating cavities

Due to severe dysmenorrhoea a 29-year-old woman, gravida 2 para 2, was diagnosed with a unicornuate uterus and a rare variety of a rudimentary uterine horn associated with two separate non-communicating cavities. Increasingly intense dysmenorrhoea, refractory to medical treatment, motivated fertility-sparing surgical treatment. A da Vinci S-HD robot was side-docked to facilitate simultaneous vaginal access during surgery. After sacrificing the left uterine artery for hemostatic reasons, the rudimentary horn with one cavity was resected. Guided by vaginal ultrasonography we then completely resected the second cavity located deep in the myometrium without entering the cavity of the functioning hemiuterus. Finally the uterine defect was sutured in two layers. Surgery and postoperative course were uneventful. At 4-month follow-up, dysmenorrhoea was alleviated, and 3 months later the patient had an early intrauterine pregnancy. We believe the precise dissection capabilities of the robot facilitated in particular resection of the second, deeply located cavity and its multilayer reapproximation by sutures. A video of the procedure is provided.     

宫腔镜联合B超及腹腔镜在剖宫产切口憩室诊治中的应用

2008年6月～2009年10月收治5例剖宫产切口憩室,均表现为末次剖宫产复经后经期延长至15～26 d。5例均经宫腔镜联合B超检查确诊,宫腔镜见宫颈内口上方子宫下段剖宫产切口部位局部缺损呈拱形穹隆样改变,凸向子宫浆膜面,伴局部血管增生,腔内可见陈旧积血,联合超声下可见子宫下段前壁剖宫产切口部位浆膜层连续而肌层不连续,出现＂断裂＂现象,其内出现无回声区。行腹腔镜下憩室切除子宫缝合修补术。手术时间（60.0±7.9）min。术中出血量10～20ml。无中转开腹及手术并发症。术后随访3～19个月,异常阴道出血症状均消失,月经规律,宫腔镜联合B超二探测量子宫下段剖宫产处肌壁厚度由术前（2.6±0.5）mm增至术后（10.5±1.3）mm。     

Hysteroscopic Transcervical Resection of Uterine Septum

Objective:

To explore the method of diagnosis for uterine septum and the clinical effect of hysteroscopic transcervical resection of the septum.

Methods:

One-hundred ninety cases of patients with uterine septum who were diagnosed and treated at our hospital during 2007–2011 were selected, and their general information, perioperative status, postoperative recovery treatment, and postoperative pregnancy rates were statistically analyzed.

Results:

All 190 patients were cured with one surgery, with an average hysteroscopic operating time of 22.60 ± 10.67 minutes and intraoperative blood loss of 15.74 ± 9.64 mL. There were no complications such as uterine perforation, water intoxication, infection, or heavy bleeding. Among the 115 patients that we followed up, 86 became pregnant and delivered infants, 81 of which were born at term and 5 that were born premature.

Conclusion:

The combination of hysteroscopy and laparoscopy is still the most reliable method for the diagnosis of uterine septum. With a shorter operative time, less blood loss, a significantly increased postoperative pregnancy rate and live birth rate, and a significantly lower spontaneous abortion rate, transcervical resection of the septum was the preferred method for the treatment of uterine septum, and surgical instruments and skills were critical to the prognosis of uterine septum.